Pedi Exam 2- Oncology

Front 1

Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL)

Back 1

ALL accounts for almost 80% of childhood leukemia’s and AML almost 20%.

ALL is cancer of the lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell.
ALL may be B-Cell (80-85%) or T-cell (15-20%).

Front 2

Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML)

Back 2

Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML) is cancer of the non-lymphocytic blood cells (myeloid cells). neutrophils, monocytes, esoinophils and basophils ( all types of white blood cells), red blood cells and platelets.

Down syndrome children has a higher incidence

Front 3

Leukemia manifestations

Back 3

Most common symptoms are pallor, bleeding, fever, pain (especially joint pain), and weakness.

Front 4

Chemotherapy phases

Back 4

Induction phase-Initial intensive phase of treatment with combination chemotherapy.(ALL-Vincristine)
Consolidation Phase and Intensification Phase- therapy is given to decrease or eliminate minimal residual disease and disease in sanctuary sites.
Maintenance Phase-therapy is given to ALL patient to maintain disease control and prevent drug resistance.

Front 5

Radiation Therapy

Back 5

Mainly used for children with documented CNS involvement disease, testicular disease or relapse

Front 6

Lymphomas

Back 6

Lymphomas are malignancies of the lymph system.

Front 7

Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

Back 7

NHL are neoplasms of the lymph system ( T or B cell origin)

Front 8

Central Nervous System Tumors

Back 8

CNS tumors are in the area of the brain and/or spinal cord.

Front 9

Neuroblastoma

Back 9

Cancer of the cells that originate from neural crest cells.
May be located anywhere sympathetic nervous system tissue is found. Abdominal mass is the most common presenting symptom.
Spinal cord compression may cause neurological deficits.

Front 10

Wilms’ Tumor

Back 10

Most common renal neoplasm of childhood. Usually presents with an abdominal mass in an otherwise healthy child. DO NOT palate the abdomen if Wilms’ Tumor is suspected.

Front 11

Osteoscarcoma

Back 11

derived from the primitive bone forming stem cells; Ewing’s is believed to be of the neural crest origin.

very radiation resistant; can be used for palliation for metastases.

Front 12

Ewing’s Sarcoma

Back 12

most frequently occur in the bone, but may be in the soft tissue.

responds to radiation and used in conjunction with chemotherapy and surgery.

Front 13

Retinablastoma

Back 13

Retinoblastoma is a malignant embryonic tumor arising from the retina of the eye.

2/3 of Retinoblastoma cases occur before the age of 2.

Front 14

Retinablastoma manifestation

Back 14

-a white pupillary or cats eye reflex seen as a white light in the pupil is the most common symptom.

-A red painful eye is a late symptom.

-Retinoblastoma is highly radiosensitive Chemotherapy

Front 15

Superior Vena Cava/Mediastinum Syndrome

Back 15

SVC is the main vessel for venous blood return from the head and thorax and due to location is subject to obstruction by tumors, , invasive, extrinsic pressure or thrombosis from an indwelling central venous line.

Front 16

ANC (absolute neutrophil count)

Back 16

is a measure of the circulating granulocytes. Calculate to predict infection. ANC>500 required to start/administer chemotherapy (ANC=(WBC) (%of neutrophils+% of bands).

example: WBC 1000, Neutrophils (segs) 8% and bands 8% 0.8+0.8=.16---- 0.16x1000=160