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115 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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AT WHAT AGE IS AT A DECREASE CHANCE OF INFECTION?
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3 MOS. R/T MATERNAL
ANTIBODIES. 3-6 MOS. INFECTION RATES START TO INCREASE. |
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WHO HAS THE HIGHEST CHANCE OF CATCHING AN INFECTION?
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YOUNG TODDLERS - PRE SCHOOL. R/T NEWLY GROWING IMMUNE SYSTEMS
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AT WHAT AGE DO WE START SEEING INCREASE IN MYCOPLASMA PNEUMONIA AND B-STREP?
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> 5 YRS OLD
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IMMUNITY INCREASES W/ WHAT?
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AGE
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WHY ARE INFECTION RATES HIGHER BASED ON ANATOMY OF A PEDI?
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AIRWAYS ARE SMALLER IN DIAMETER, STRUCTURES ARE SHORTER AND LESS DISTANCE BETWEEN. ALLOWING RAPID GROWTH OF MICRO ORGANISM. SHORT EAR TUBES.
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WHAT LOWERS A CHILDS RESISTANCE TO INFECTIONS?
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WEAK IMMUNE, ALLERGIES, ASTHMA, CYSTIC FIBROSIS, CARDIAC ANOMALIES, DAY CARE.
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WHAT SEASONS ARE INFECTION RATES AT THERE HIGHEST?
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WINTER AND SPRING
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GENERAL S/S OF LOCAL MANIFESTATIONS
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FEVER, ANOREXIA,N/V/D, ABD PAIN, COUGH SORE THROAT, CHANGE IN RESP SOUNDS. COGESTION OR RUNNY NOSE.
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GENERAL NURSING CARE
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EASE RESP EFFORT, REST AND COMFORT, PREVENT SPREAD OF INFECTION, REDUCE TEMP, HYDRATE/NURISH, FAMILY SUPPORT AND HOME CARE
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CAUSES OF PHARYNGITIS
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GROUP A BETA-HEMOLYTIC STREP (STREP THROAT)
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S/S OF PHARYNGITIS
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HA, FEVER, ABD PAIN ESPECIALLY IN YOUNGER CHILDREN.
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DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT FOR PHARYNGITIS?
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THROAT CULTURE, RAPID STREP TEST. GIVE ORAL PNC.
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NURSING CARE FOR PHARNGITIS
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OBTAIN THROAT SWAP. EDUCATE ON PRESCRIBED MEDICATION, WASH HANDS AND OTHER INFECTION CONTROL ISSUES
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CAUSE OF OTITIS MEDIA?
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INFECTIOUS=STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE, H-INFLUENZA, MORAXELLA.
NON IFECTIOUS=UNKNOWN |
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DIAGNOSTIC AND TX OF OM?
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VISUALIZATION OF EAR DRUM W/ PNEUMATIC OTOSCOPE. AMOXIL FOR 10-14 DAYS. TUBE PLACEMENT AND ADNOIDECTOMY
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S/S OF OM?
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ACUTE EAR PAIN W/ FEVER
IF AOM. RHINITIS, COUGH, DIARRHEA NO PAIN IF OME. |
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NURSING CARE OF OM?
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REDUCE FEVER AND PAIN, FACILITATE DRAINAGE, EDUCATE FAMILY, PROVIDE EMOTIONAL SUPPORT.
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PARENTAL EDUCATION FOR OM
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HOLD CHILD UPRIGHT WHEN FEEDING, TAKE ALL ABTS, DO NOT PROP BOTTLE.
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S/S OF EPIGLOTTIS
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SORE THROAT, DROOLING, PAIN, TRIPOD POSTIONING, RETRACTIONS, STRIDOR, MILD HYPOXIA, DISTRESS.
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NURSING INTERVENTIONS FOR EPIGLOTTIS
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DO NOT STICK ANYTHING IN MOUTH R/T SPASMS THAT ARE OCCURING. GET INTUBATION SET TO BEDSIDE,
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EPIGLOTTIS WILL POTENTIALLY LEAD TO WHAT?
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RESP. OBSTRUCTION. SWELLING WILL START TO DECREASE AFTER 24 HRS OF ABTS.
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CAUSES OF LARYNGOTRACEHOBRONCHITIS (LTB)
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RSV, PARAINFLUENZA VIRUS, MYCOPLASMA, INFLUENZA A & B.
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WHO DOES LTB GENERALL Y AFFECT?
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< 5 YRS OLD
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S/S OF LTB?
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INSPIRATORY STRIDOR, SUPRASTERNAL RETRACTION, SEAL COUGHING (BARKING). HYPOXIA
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WHAT CAN LTB LEAD TO ?
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RESP ACIDOSIS, RESP FAILURE, DEATH
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NURSING CARE OF LTB
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MANAGE AIRWAY, HYDRATE ORAL OR IV, HIGH HUMIDITY W/ COOL MISTING, NEB TXS (STEROIDS AND EPI)
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CAUSES OF BRONCHIOLITIS (RSV)?
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BRONCHIOLE MUCSA SWELLS AND LUMINA ARE FILLED W/ MUCUS AND EXUDATE
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S/S OF RSV
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URI W/ RHIORHEA AND LOW GRADE FEVER. NON PRODUCTIVE COUGH,PROXSYMAL APNEA
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HOW IS RSV DIAGNOSISED
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ELISA TEST BY NASAL CULTURE
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THERAPEUTIC MANAGMENT OF RSV
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O2 MIST, IV FLDS, NO PREGO PEOPLE ALLOWED. DROPLET ISOLATION.
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BIGGEST PROBLEM W/ RSV?
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DEHYDRATION
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ASTHMA IS?
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CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY DISORDER OF THE AIRWAYS CAUSING BROCHIAL HYPERRESPONSIVENESS,
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DIAGNOSTIC TOOLS FOR ASTHMA
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PFTS, SKIN TESTING TO ALLERGENS
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ASTHMA MANAGEMENT NON PHARMACOLOGICAL
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AVOID ALLERGENS, CONTROL ALLERGENS, EXCERISE, PERFORM CPT
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DRUG THERAPY FOR ASTHMA
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MDI, CORTICOSTEROIDS. CROMOLYN NA, ALBUTEROL, METEPROTERENOL, TERBUTALINE, SEREVENT, THEOPHYLLINE, LEIKOTRIENE MODIFIERS.
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MONITOR SERUM LEVELS W/ ?
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THEOPHYLLINE
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WHAT IS HYPOSENSITIZATION?
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ALLERGY SHOTS, WATCH AIRWAY
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ER TX FOR STATUS ASTHMATICUS
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EPI 0.01 ML/KG SQ FOR A MAX DOSE OF 0.3MLS
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WHAT IS CYSTIC FIBROSIS
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EXOCRINE GLAND DISFUCTION THAT PRODUCES MULTI SYSTEM INVOLVEMENT,. AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE TRAIT. 1:4 CHANCE IF BOTH PARENTS HAVE GENE,.
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MOST COMMON LETHAL GENETIC ILLNESS IN WHITE CHILDREN
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CYSTIC FIBROSIS
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CF LEADS TO WHAT?
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INCREASED VISCOSITY OF MUSCOUS GLAND SECRETION RESULTING IN A MECHANICAL OBSTRUCTION
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WHAT OTHER GLAND /ORGAN IS EFFECTED PREDOMINALLY W/ CF?
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PANCREASE
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HOW IS CF DIAGNOSED
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SWEAT CHLORIDE TEST NA AND CHOLRIDE WILL BE 5X GREATER THAN THE CONTROLS. CXRAY, PFTS, BARIUM ENEMA
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RESP MANIFESTATION OF CF?
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DECREASED O2/CO2 EXCHANGE, HYPOXIA, HYPERCAPNEA, ACIDOSIS,
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WHAT DOES CF LEAD TO
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COMPRESSION OF PULM. BLOOD VESSLES, PROGRESSIVE LUNG DYSFUNCTION LEADING TO PHTN, COR PULMONALE, RESP FAILURE THEN DEATH
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WHY DOES CF CAUSE TIISUE LUNG DESTRUCTION?
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STAGNATION OF MUCUS AND BACTERIAL COLONIZATION
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CF PREVENTS WHAT IN THE GI TRACT FROM HAPPENING?
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PANCREATIC ENZYMES FROM REACHING DUODENUM. CAN LEAD TO DM.
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CF PATIENTS HAVE WHAT DEFICIENCY?
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PANCREATIC ENZYME
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CF PATIENTS HAVE DYSFUCTIONS W/?
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SWEAT GLANDS
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CF PATIENTS PRESENT W/?
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WHEEZING RESPIRATIONS, DRY NON PRODUCTIVE COUGH, EMPHYSEMA, PATCHY ATELECTASIS, CYANOSIS, CLUBBING DIGITS
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BABIES WITH SUSPECTED CF WILL PRESENT THESE THINGS?
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MECONIUM ILEUS, PROLAPSED RECTUM. WAISTING OF TIISUES, EXCRETION OF UNDIGESTED FOOOD IN STOOL
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CF CAUSES DELAYED PUBERTY IN WHO?
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FEMALES ALSO CAUSE STERILTY IN MALES.
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PARENTS REPORT CHILDREN WHO HAVE CF TO TASTE?
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SALTY
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CF PATIENTS HAVE THESE LAB VALUES ALWAYS LOW
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HYPONATREMIA, HYPOCHLOREMIC ALKALOSIS, HYPOALBUMINEMIA
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CF DIET
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HIGH PROTEIN HIGH CALORIE. NEEDS A 150% OF A NORMAL CALORIC INTAKE FOR NORMAL G&D
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PANCREATIC ENZYME DRUG EDUCATION FOR CF PATIENTS
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ADJUST ENZYME TO WHERE CHILD ONLY HAS 1-2 BMS QD.
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HOW LONG SHOULD YOU WAIT BEFORE GIVING A CHILD ABTS FOR A EAR INFECTION AND WHY?
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48-72 HRS TO PREVENT OVER USE
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WHAT IS THE BEST EXERCISE FOR FOR ASTHMATICS?
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SWIMMING
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THE MAX AMT OF AIR YOU CAN BLOW OUT IN A SECOND IS KNOWN AS?
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PEAK EXPIRATORY FLOW RATE.
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GREEN ZONE OF A PFT?
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EVERYTHING IS UNDER CONTROL
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YELLOW ZONE OF A PFT?
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CAUTION ACUTE EXACERBATION MAY BE PRESENT
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RED ZONE OF PFT?
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DNAGER HAVE MEDICAL STAFF PRESENT SEVER NARROWING OF AIRWAY, GIVE SHORT ACTING BRONCODILATOR NOTIFY MD IF PFT DOES NOT INCREASE.
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TRIGGERS FOR ASTHMA?
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EXCERCISE, PLLOTANTSM ALLERGENS, BACTERIAL AGENTS, CHANGES IN WEATHER AND FOOD ADDITIVES.
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WHAT ARE THE 4F'S OF CF?
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FROTHY, FOUL SMELLING, FAT CONTAINING AND FLOATING STOOL
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WHAT IS STEATORRHEA
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EXCESSIVE FAT, GREASY STOOLS
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REGARDLESS OF AGE WHAT IS ALWAYS THE PRIORTY OF CARE
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PATENT AIRWAY
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A DISORDER IN WHICH THE BASEMEN MEMBRANE OF THE GLOMERULI BECOMES PERMABLE TO PLASMA PROTEINS MOST OFTEN IDIOPATIC IN NATURE
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NEPHROTIC SYNDROME
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WHEN DOES NEPHROTIC SYNDROME USUALLY OCCUR
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2-3 YRS OF AGE
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S/S OF NEPHROTIC SYNDROME
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EDEMA THAT BEGINS INSIDIOUSLY SEVERE AND GENERALIZED, PUFFY AROUND EYES, LETHARGY, ANOREXIA, MASSIVE PROTEINURIA, HYPERLIPIDEMIA
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WHAT MEDICATIONS ARE USED FOR NEPHROTIC SYNDROME
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STEROIDS AND CHOLINERGICS SUCH AS PREDNISONE AND URECHOLINE
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WHAT TO MONITOR FOR NEPHROTIC SYNDROME?
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I&O'S, MEASSURE ADBOMINAL GIRTH DAILY, TEMP TO ASSESS FOR INFECTION. PROVIDE SKIN CARE FOR EDEMA AREAS, MAINTAIN BEDREST.
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WHAT KIND OF DIET IS BEST FOR NEPHROTIC SYNDROME?
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SMALL, FREQUENT FEEDING OR NORMAL PROTEIN, LOW SALT.
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THE PATIENT W/ NEPHROTIC SYNDROME IS USUALLY GIVEN ____FOLLOWED BY DIUERTIC?
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ALBUMIN
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HOME TEACHING FOR NEPHROTIC SYNDROME
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DAILY WEIGHTS, S/E OF MEDS, TRAIN TO PREVENT INFECTIONS,DESCRIBE SIGNS OF RELAPSE IE. DARK YELLOW FROTHY URINE, EDEMA
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ENURESIS IS DEFINED BY WHAT?
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BED WETTING IN CHILDREN >2 YRS OLD
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UNINTENTIONAL INVOLUNTARY PASSAGE OF URINE INTO BED/CLOTHES USUALLY AT NIGHT
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ENURESIS
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HOW IS ENURESIS DX?
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2 OR MORE TIMES A WEEK FOR 3 MOS.
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MANAGEMENT OF ENURESIS
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ALARMS, IMIPARINE, FLD RESTRICTION AT NIGHT, BLADDER TRAINING, EMOTIONAL SUPPORT (#1)
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CONGENITAL DEFECT OF URETHRAL MEATUS IN MALES, URETHRA OPENS AND VENTRAL SIDE OF PENIS BEHIND THE GLANDS
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HYPOSPADIA
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A MALE CAN NOT HAVE_____ IF HAVE EPISPADIUS/HYPOSPADIAS
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CIRCUMSCION
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HOW IS THIS PROBLEM FIXED?
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SURGERY USING FORSKIN, NEED FOR EXTRA SKIN.
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WHEN IS SURGICAL CORRECTION USUALLY DONE?
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PRIOR TO PRESCHOOL FOR THE ACHIEVEMENT OF SEXUAL IDENITY TO AVOID CASTRATION ANXIETY AND TO FACILITATE TOILET TRAINING
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WHAT MAY BE PRESENT W/ HYPO/EPISPADIUS?
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PRESENCE OF CHORDEE, UNDESCENDED TESTES AND INGUINAL HERNIA.
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WHAT IS IMPORTANT TO ASSESS W/ THIS PROBLEM?
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CIRCULATION TO TIP OF PENIS.
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AN IMMUNE COMPLEX RESPONSE TO AN ANTECEDENT BETA HEMOLYTIC STREPTOCOCCL INFECTION OF SKIN OR PHARYNX, TRAPPED IN GLOMERULI CAUSING INFLAMMATION
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ACUTE GLOMERULONEPHRITIS
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S/S OF ACUTE GLOMERULONEPHRITIS
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HEMATURIA, PROTEINURIA, INCREASED BUN/CRT (AZOTEMIA), EDEMA OFTEN IN FACE, HTN, IRRITABLE, LETHARGY.
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WHAT KIND OF PRECAUTIONS DO PT W/ AGN GET?
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SEIZURE
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HOW LONG USUALLY BEFORE SEEING SIGNS OF AGN?
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10-21 DAY B/W STREP INFECTION AND S/S OF AGN?
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WHAT IS THE BEST NURSING INTERVENTION FOR THESE PATIENTS BESIDES antiHTN, DAILY WTS, I&O, FLD RESTRICITON?
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BEDREST ANYWHERE FROM 4-10 DAYS USUALLY DURING ACUTE PHASE
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MALFORMATIONS OF THE FACE AND ORAL CAVITY THAT SEEM TO BE MULTIFACTORIAL IN HEREDITY ORIGIN?
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CLEFT PALATE OR PALATE
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HOW DO YOU ASSESS FOR CLEFT PALATE?
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BY STICKING FINGER IN MOUTH AND PUSHING UP ALSO MAY BE IDENIFIED W/ FEEDINGS
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WHEN IS CLOSURE OF CLEFT LIP/PALATE DONE?
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AT ONE YEAR OF AGE TO MINIMIZE SPEECH IMPAIRMENT
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WHEN DO CLEFT PALATE/LIPS DEVELOPE?
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5-12 INUTERO
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THE EFFECT OF CLEFT LIP AND PALATE ON A CHILD?
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NASALLY SPEECH,IMPAIRED DENTAL, SWALLOWING DIFFICULTY, CAN AFFECT HEARING LATER ON IN LIFE
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BEST WAY TO FEED THIS BABY?
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BREAST HELPS W/ SUCK
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HOW DO YOU FEED A NEWBORN W/ CLEFT PALATE?
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UPRIGHT POSITION, FEED SLOWLY, W/ FEQUENT BUBBLING, SOFT LARGE NIPPLES, PROVIDE SUPPORT TO MOTHER
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HOW DO YOU LAY A BABY WITH CLEFT LIP WHEN POSTIONING?
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ON SIDE OR UPRIGHT IN SEAT NOT PRONE
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HOW DO YOU LAY A BABY WITH CLEFT PALATE WHEN POSTIONING?
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ON SIDE OR ABDOMEN
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AFTER SURGERY TO REPAIR CLEFT LIP/PALATE WHAT DO WE WANT TO MINIMZE?
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CRYING. CAN OPEN SUTURE LINE
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WHAT IS NOT ALLOWED W/ CLEFT LIP OR PALATE?
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NO ORAL TEMPS OR STRAWS
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CONGENITAL ANOMALY IN WHICH THE ESOPHAGUS DOES NOT FULLY DEVELOPE IS KNOWN AS WHAT?
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ESOPHAGEAL ATRESIA W/ TRACHEOESOPHGEAL FISTULA (TEF)
CLINICAL AND SURGICAL EMERGENCY |
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WHAT ARE THE RISK FACTPRS FOR THIS ANOMALY?
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PREMATURITY AND POLYHYDRAMINOS
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3C'S OF ESOPHAGEAL ATRESIA W/ TEF
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COUGHING, CHOKING, CYANOSIS
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OTHER S/S OF THE ABOVE?
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EXCESSIVE SALVATION AND DROOLING, APNEA, INCREASE RESP DISTRESS AFTER FEEDING, ABD DISTENTION
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HOW IS ESOPHAGEAL ATRESIA DX?
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BY XRAY. TELLS HOW FAR POUCH IS AND ABSENCE OF AIR CONFIRMS
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HOW TO POSITION PEDI W/ THIS
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HOB UP SUPINE
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MEDICAL TX OF ESOPHAGEAL ATRESIA
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IVF, SUCTION IMMEDICATELY, ABX TO PREVENT PNUEMONIA, ABSOLUTE NEED FOR SX, FEED W/ STERILE H20 UNTIL ORDERED, PACIFERS, GT TUBE MAY BE NEEDED TO ASSIST IN FEEDING
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HOW LONG BEFORE PYLORIC STENOSIS DEVELOPES?
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2-5 WEEKS
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CAN YOU FEEL PYLORIC STENOSIS?
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YES PALPABLE OLIVE LIKE MASS CAN BE FELT IN UPPER ABDOMEN.
NEED A FLAT EMPTY STOMACH W/ NO CRYING TO FEEL |
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S/S OF PYLORIC STENOSIS
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PROJECTILE VOMITING 3-4 FT AS IT PROGRESSES, NO BILE BUT MAY HAVE BLOOD TINGED, WEIGHT LOSS, FTT, METABOLIC ALKALOSIS, VISIBLE PERISTALIC WAVES
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WHAT LABS VALUES WILL BE OFF W/ PYLORIC STENOSIS.
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DECREASED NA, K, CL
INCREASED PH, BICARB, BUN |
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PRIOR TO PYLOROMOTOMY TEACH?
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HYDRATION AND RESTORE ELECTROLYTES
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AFTER SX?
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BEGIN FEEDING 4-6 HRS POST OP, MAITAIN IVF. VOMITING CAN OCCUR FOR 24-48 HRS.
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HOW DO YOU FEED A PEDI W/ PYLORIC STENOSIS?
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SMALL, FREQUENT MEALS, HOLD UPRIGHT, FEED SLOWLY BURP FREQUENTLY.
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WHAT DO YOU DO AFTER FEEDING
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PLACE ON RIGHT SIDE IN SEMI FOWLERS
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