Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Milestones-- 2 months
-gross motor -fine motor -cognitive, linguistic and communication -social-emotional |
GROSS MOTOR
-lift head FINE MOTOR -follow to midline COGNITIVE/LANGUAGE -vocalize (coo) - orient to voice SOCIAL-EMOTIONAL -smile responsively |
|
|
Milestones-- 4 months
-gross motor -fine motor -cognitive, linguistic and communication -social-emotional |
GROSS MOTOR
-sit --- head steady -up on wrist FINE MOTOR -grasp rattle COGNITIVE/LANGUAGE -laugh -razz (blow bubbles) SOCIAL-EMOTIONAL -regard own hand |
|
|
Milestones-- 6months
-gross motor -fine motor -cognitive, linguistic and communication -social-emotional |
GROSS MOTOR
-roll over -sit no support FINE MOTOR -reach COGNITIVE/LANGUAGE -turn to rattling sound -babble SOCIAL-EMOTIONAL -work for toy (out of reach) |
|
|
Milestones-- 9 months
-gross motor -fine motor -cognitive, linguistic and communication -social-emotional |
GROSS MOTOR
-stand holding on FINE MOTOR -pass cube (transfer) COGNITIVE/LANGUAGE -single syllables -dada/mama (nonspecific) -understands "no" SOCIAL-EMOTIONAL -feed self -stranger anxiety |
|
|
Milestones-- 12 months
-gross motor -fine motor -cognitive, linguistic and communication -social-emotional |
GROSS MOTOR
-pull to stand -stand alone FINE MOTOR -bang 2 cubes held in hands -put block in cup--pincer grasp COGNITIVE/LANGUAGE -imitate vocalizations/sounds -*babbling -1 word SOCIAL-EMOTIONAL -*protodeclarative pointing -play pat-a-cake -separation anxiety -wave bye bye -imitate activities *absence should trigger screening for autism |
|
|
According to AAP recommendations, at what ages is formal screening of development disabilities done?
|
9,18, 30 months
|
|
|
what standardized tests are used to screen for development disabilities?
|
-Parent Evaluation of Developmental Status (PEDS)
-Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ) -Bayley Infant Neurodevelopment Screener |
|
|
Define Developmental Delay
|
Delay: slower rate of development
-cognition (problem solving and language): rate of development <70; rate >2SD below mean -gross motor rate of development <50; borderline level 50-70 |
|
|
what are some live attenuated viruses?
|
influenza (nasal form)
MMR (measles, mumps, rubella) yellow fever small pox varicella zoster rotavirus |
|
|
what are some inactivated vaccines?
|
anthrax
Hep A Hep B Hib Human papillomavirus Japanese encephalitis Meningococcal Pneumococcal Poliomyelitis Rabies Tetanus Diptheria Pertussis Typhoid |
|
|
If a live attenuated vaccine is given, how much time must pass before giving an antibody-containing product?
if an antibody-containing product (ie blood, IG) is given, how much time must pass before giving a live attenuated vaccine? |
2 weeks
time varies-- recommendations for different blood products and Immune globulins are provided by CDC website. |
|
|
what are 3 live attenuated vaccines not affected by the administration of antibody-containing products?
|
yellow fever
oral typhoid live attenuated influenza |
|
|
Almost all vaccines can be given simultaneously using a different injection site for each vaccine. The only exception is that ___ vaccine and ___vaccine should be separated by at least 28 days.
|
small pox and varicella vaccines
*these 2 vaccines should be separated b/c varicella vaccine can cause skin lesions that could be confused with smallpox (vaccinia) vaccine skin lesions |
|
|
If injectable or nasally administered LIVE attenuated vaccines are not administered simultaneously, they must be separated by a minimum of ____ weeks.
|
4 weeks
*rationale is that the 1st live vaccine will interfere with the 2nd live vaccine (does not apply to oral live vaccines--typhoid and rotavirus) |
|
|
what are special considerations for patients who need a PPD and a live attenuated vaccine ?
|
Live vaccines can be given on the same day or at any time AFTER a TB test is read. BUT, if a live vaccine has been administered recently, you need to wait at least 4 weeks before administering a PPD skin test. The wait is needed because live vaccines may suppress the PPD skin reaction, causing a false negative in a person who has a TB infection during the 4 week window
|
|
|
Name conditions that cause immune deficiency.
|
-cancer (leukemia, lymphoma, generalized malignancies)
-chemotherapy or radiation therapy -advanced stages of HIV infection or AIDS -lack of a spleen or nonfunctional spleen -congenital immune deficiency -treatment with large doses of corticosteroids |
|
|
is it safe to vaccinate household contacts of pregnant women?
|
YES, with one exception-- small pox vaccine!
People who receive smallpox vaccine should avoid close contact with pregnant women to prevent accidentally spreading the vaccine virus. If close contact with pregnant women cannot be avoided, small pox vaccine should be delayed until close contact can be avoided. |
|
|
Differentiate between dynamic and static classfications of strenuousness.
|
Dynamic (isotonic)-- exert a volume load on heart, increase systolic and MAP, decreases distolic pressure, enlargement of absolute ventricular mass and chamber size, eccentric hypertrophy (+muscle strength, endurance), percent of Max O2 uptake, increased cardiac output
Static (isometric )-- places a pressure load on heart, increases systolic, diastolic, and MAP, (elite wt lifters BP as high as 320/240), enlarged LV mass w/ no increase in chamber size, concentric hypertrophy (muscle mass in response to short term load), Percent of maximal voluntary contraction, increased BP load |
|
|
Define prehypertension, hypertension stage 1 and stage 2 in children.
|
Prehypertension= BP 90-94% in children based on age, gender, height
Stage 1 HTN = greater than or equal to 95th% Stage 2 HTN= greater than 99th% |
|
|
plan of care for kids with Prehypertension or stage 1 HTN.
|
-identify etiology
-don't limit sport participation -Tx: lifestyle mod, regular exercise, freq monitoring |
|
|
plan of care for kids with stage 2 HTN
|
-identify etiology
-limit sport participation -consider ECHO and labs |
|
|
Name causes of Sudden Cardiac Death (SCD)
|
SCD is poorly understood, structural abnormality accompanied by sudden excessive cardiac demand.
-hypetrophic cardiomyopathy -coronary anomalies -carditis and myocarditis -Marfan Syndrome -Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) and long Q-T syndrome |
|
|
Name other causes of sudden death (non-cardiogenic)
|
-asthma
-heat injuries -cerebral aneurysm -sickle cell trait -nutritional supplements -sports enhancing or illicit drugs |
|
|
what are contributing factors for heat stroke/exhaustion?
|
-protective equipment
-alcohol -meds -stimulants (ritalin, concerta, caffeine) -recent n/v/d -excess body fat -hx of heart-related illness -age |
|
|
what is the safe amount of caffeine intake?
|
45mg for 4 yo
85mg for 12 yo 400mg for adults |
|
|
According to AAP, what is the exclusion criteria for sport participation?
|
Absolute
-fever -carditis -diarrhea Contact exclusion -single kidney, serious head injury, poorly controlled seizure, sickle cell disease, enlarged spleen, atlantoaxial instability -needs further eval bleeding d.o, HTN, heart disease, eating d.o, chronic dz, heat illness, obesity, single testicle |
|
|
what is the mnemonic SIGECAPS for screening for suicide and depression?
|
Sleeplessness
Interest, loss of Guilty feelings Energy loss Concentration loss Appetite decreased Psychomotor retardation Suicidal thoughts/feelings *5 or more x2 weeks = depression (DSM IV) |
|
|
Name the 2 anti-depressants that are FDA approved for use in adolescence
|
1)Prozac (fluoxetine)
2)Lexapro (Escitalopram) |
|
|
What is the black box warnings attached to SSRIs
|
may increase the risk of suicidal thinking and behavior in some children and adolescents with MDD
|
|
|
Explain the Female Athlete Triad
|
1) eating disorders
2) amenorrhea or oligomenorrhea 3) decreased bone density |
|
|
Risk taking behaviors specific to adolescents
|
smoking
illegal drug use alcohol use sexual activity driving motor vehicles |
|
|
Explain the Mnemonic HEEADSSS
|
Home
Education/Employment Eating Activities Drugs Sexual history Suicidability/Depression Safety |
|
|
Risk factors associated with high risk behaviors in adolescence
|
-lack of close relationship w/parents
-minimal parental supervision -family chaos -school transitions -peers who participate in risky behaviors -illicit substance use availability -male gender -lack of concern about consequence of behavior |
|
|
when do you start calculating BMIs in children?
what is considered overweight? obese? |
Calculate BMI starting at age 2
85-95%ile= overweight >95%ile= obese |
|
|
what lab values would indicate an admission to phototherapy for jaundice?
|
<24 hours always
24-48 hrs >15 48-72 hrs >18 >72 hrs > 20 |
|
|
85% of AOM is caused by bacterial infections. what are the 3 pathogens?
|
strep pneumoniae
haemophilus influenza moraxella catarrhalis |
|
|
diagnosis of AOM
|
LLBMC 4/5 abnormal
|
|
|
treatment of AOM
|
amoxicillin 80-90mg/kg/day
PCN allergy (not type 1)- cephalosporins- cefdinir 14mg/kg/day PCN allergy (type 1)- azithromycin severe illness- amoxicllin and augmentin 90mg/kg/day |
|
|
diagnosis of otitis media w/effusion
|
LLBMC 2-3/5 abnormal
|
|
|
common pathologic causes of systolic murmurs
|
atrial septal defect
ventricular septal defect pulmonary or aortic outflow tract abnormalities patent ductus arteriosus |
|
|
define developmental deviance
|
-uneven or non-sequential development within a given stream
-becomes more significant when coupled with delay -most pronounced in cerebral palsy (early rolling and early standing); or autism (early words and sentences that are lost; splinter skills) |
|
|
define developmental dissociation
|
-different rates in 2 or more streams
|
|
|
autism contains 3 main criteria
|
1) impairment in social interaction
2) abnormalities in communication 3) disturbance of behavioral variation |
|
|
when does formal screening for autism occur?
|
18 & 24 months
|
|
|
what is the screening test for autism?
|
M-CHAT
modified checklist for autism in toddlers |
|
|
what are early clues of intellectual disabilities?
|
-dysmorphic features (small/large head), facial features
-extreme colic (cries/screams for no reason) -"too good"- very easy baby /never cries -trouble feeding -abnormal muscle tone |
|
|
what are some laboratory tests for intellectual disability?
|
-Hi resolution chromosome analysis
-DNA fragile X -Comparative Genomic Hybridization (CGH) -Metabolic tests -FISH testing -MeCP2 -EEG -MRI -thyroid function |
|
|
what is the most frequently identified cause of intellectual disability?
|
down syndrome
|
|
|
how do you calculate the developmental quotient of a child with a developmental delay?
|
age expected divided by age aquired
multiply by 100 |
|
|
Name 3 types of temperants in children
|
easy
difficult slow to warm up |
