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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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*What is the principle used to increase cardiorespiratory efficiency and strength gains?
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The SAID principle. Specific Adaptations to Impose Demands
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*What is involved with increasing core stability?
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Increasing strength in the muscles of the lumbar, abdominals, and hip/pelvis
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*What is the difference between isometric, isotonic and isokinetic exercise?
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Isometric-contractions with no ROM (rehab)
Isotonic- eccentric/concentric contractions through ROM Isokinetic- speed regulated, variable accommodating resistance (expensive machines) |
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What is the definition of flexibility?
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Range of motion around a join
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*What are the four different methods of stretching?
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Ballistic, Dynamic, PNF, and Static
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*What is the main difference between aerobic and anaerobic exercise?
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Aerobic activities use oxygen and are a longer duration. Anaerobic activities use stored energy in the body and are shorter in duration.
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What principles are used in interval training?
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Distance, time, rest, reps are all manipulated in interval training.
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*What are the main stabilizing ligaments that support the ankle?
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Lateral: anterior tibio-fibular ligament, anterior talo-fibular ligament, calcaneo fibular ligament
Medial: Deltoid |
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*What is the step by step procedure to go through when evaluating an ankle sprain?
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1. Evaluation/Observation (for deformity) 2. Get a history (has this injury happened before?) 3. Get the mechanism (how did this happen?) 4. Palpate- bones, ligaments, tendons 5. ROM (1st active-if good active with resistance, if bad passive) 6. perform ankle functional testing
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*What is the main mechanism to cause an injury to the deltoid ligament?
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Eversion ankle sprain
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*What are the specific tests used to evaluate ankle ligament instability and what ligaments are they testing for?
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3 test:
Anterior Drawer Test: Ant. talo-fib lig (lateral ankle structure) stabilize tibia and fibula, place hand on calcaneus and pull forward on heal. Talar Tilt: calcaneofibular (inversion), deltoid (with eversion) inverting or everting the talus of the foot Kleiger test: ant. tib-fib lig, interosseous membrane. tests for a high ankle sprain. dorsiflex exteriorly rotate eversion |
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*What are the 4 movements of the ankle?
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dorsiflextion, planterflextion, inversion and eversion
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*What is involved with a high ankle sprain?
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Also called a syndesnotic ankle sprain. Interosseous membrane anterior tibiofibular lig.
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*What test is used to determine if the athlete has ruptured an Achilles Tendon?
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Thompson test- athlete laying face down with foot hanging off the table. trainer squeezes gastroc to see if foot planterflexes. If not positive test for Achilles rupture.
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*What are the signs and symptoms that an athlete with a lower leg compartments syndrome will display?
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Signs: we can see it lower leg is red, shiny, taught in appearance.
Symptoms: What the athlete tells you-burning sensation in lower leg, foot falling asleep because of pressure on the nerve. |
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How would you examine for Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome in an athlete?
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Overuse, stress reaction- pain on inside but can't point to one spot-alter activity. If in one spot-stress fracture- perform compression/ percussion test.
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What is the difference between a 5th Metatarsal head avulsion fracture and a Jones fracture?
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Difference in locations and how it heals; A Jones fx is farther up (1-1.5 in) the 5th metatarsal towards the toe and will be harder to heal
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What is Athletes Foot?
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a fungus
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*What is the cause of a plantar wart?
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A virus.
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What is the immediate treatment for an ankle sprain?
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RICEI-rest, ice, compression, elevation, immobilization
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*What is tibio-fibular syndesmosis?
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A high ankle sprain.
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What does the plantar ligament help support?
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plantar fascia supports the inner longitudinal arch.
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*What is involved with a Lisfranc injury?
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The toes spread apart due to injury of the ligaments that extends between the medial cuneiform and the 2nd metatarsal.
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*With an inversion ankle sprain what ligaments are generally injured?
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The anterior talo-fibular lig
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What are the ROM for Inversion, Eversion, Dorsiflextion, and Plantarflexion?
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Dorsiflexion=20-30 degrees, planterflexion=50 degrees, inversion=20 degrees, eversion= 10 degrees
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*What is the technical name for the Spring ligament and what is it's function?
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Calcaneo-navicular ligament-helps support the interlongitudinal arch.
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Please explain the terms agonist and antagonist as it relates to a muscle contraction.
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Agonist muscle movement makes motion such as contracting a limb. antagonist movement opposes this motion.
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Please explain the terms hypertrophy and atrophy as it relates to muscle involvement.
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Hypertrophy- increasing muscle size
Atrophy-loosing muscle size |
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*What is involved with the SAID principle?
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Overloading the system to see improvements in strength or other factors.
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Please explain the tissue response to healing.
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Inflammation-swelling, Repair-collagen fibers (endothelial fibroblastic cells), Heal- remodle
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*What is the difference between an eccentric and concentric muscle contraction?
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Eccentric muscle contraction lengthens where as concentric muscle contractions shortens.
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What area does the plantar fasica ligament help support?
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Inner longitudinal arch
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What is involved with a bunion on the 1st MTP joint?
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1st Meditarsal Flangial Joint - inflammations of the bursa sac (spacer can help to realign)
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What could be a possible complication from a medial head gastroc muscle tear?
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excessive swelling in calf can cause a blood clot aka deep vein thrombosis
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What does the term Pes Cavus describe?
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a high arch
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What bones make up the subtalar joint?
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Talus, Calcanious
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