Peck: Ch4 (B)

Front 1

Cyanosis

Back 1

Causes skin to appear blue. Caused because hemoglobin is poorly oxygenated.

Front 2

Erythema

Back 2

Causes redness of the skin.

Front 3

Pallor

Back 3

Causes the skin to become pale. This is caused by anemia, hypotension, and impaired blood flow into the area.

Front 4

Jaundice

Back 4

Causes yellowing of skin. This happens when the excess bile is absorbed into the blood and is passed onto the body tissue which causes a liver disorder.

Front 5

Hematoma

Back 5

Causes the black and blue colors of bruises to appear on the skin. This happens when the blood escapes from vessels into spaces and begins to cot.

Front 6

Haemangioma

Back 6

Causes bright red area on skin. It is a harmless collection of broken capillaries.

Front 7

Sebaceous Glands

Back 7

This is apart of the cutaneous glands. These are oil glands. They are located everywhere except palms of hands and soles of feet.

Front 8

Sebum

Back 8

mixture of oily substances and fragmented cells. It lubricates the skin and prevents hair from becoming brittle

Front 9

Acne

Back 9

An active infection of sebaceous glands with pimples appearing ducts of oil glands clogged with excessive amounts.

Front 10

Sweat Glands

Back 10

It is stimulated by nervous system and increases because of body temperature. It is a method used to cool down the body.

Front 11

Eccrine

Back 11

It is one type of sweat gland. It responds to body temperature increase. Also, it is located over the entire body in dermal layer.

Front 12

Apocrine

Back 12

It is one type of sweat gland. It responds to body temperature, stress, and sexual arousal. This sweat gland causes body odor. Also, it is located in the arm pits and groin.

Front 13

Body odor

Back 13

This is when bacteria on the skin feeds on apocrine sweat fatty acids and proteins, and this process causes a musky odor.

Front 14

Eruminous Gland

Back 14

It is a modified apocrine sweat gland. It Secretes wax in ear canal.

Front 15

Mammary Gland

Back 15

It is a modified apocrine sweat gland. It secretes milk.

Front 16

Hairs and Hair Follicles

Back 16

1.This protects head against injury and prevents heat loss.
2. This also is used to sense environment.

Front 17

Hair

Back 17

Large columns of dead keratinized cells.

Front 18

Hair follicle

Back 18

This produces hair. It is a tubelike pocket in epidermis extending into dermis.

Front 19

Hair bulb

Back 19

This is the base that produces epithelial cells and new cells form which causes the old cells to be pushed up and become keratinized forming hair shafts.

Front 20

Root

Back 20

This is part of hair that is enclosed in a follicle

Front 21

Shaft

Back 21

This is part of the hair that is projected from the skins surface

Front 22

Matrix

Back 22

This is the growth zone at the base of follicle stratum basale cells.

Front 23

Arrector Pili

Back 23

This is bundles of smooth muscle fibers attached to each hair follicle that contract and cause the hair to stand upright. This action produces goose bumps.

Front 24

Nails

Back 24

THis protects ends of finger tips and toes. They are transparent and colorless.

Front 25

Nail bed

Back 25

This is the stratum basale cells that extend under the nails.

Front 26

Nail Matrix

Back 26

This thick proximal nail bed end is responsible for nail growth.

Front 27

Athlete's Foot

Back 27

Known as a fungus infection of the skin.

Front 28

Boils and Carbuncles

Back 28

This ia a follicular onfection or sebaceous gland inflammation

Front 29

Boil

Back 29

When an infection of the follicle goes deeper and it becomes a boil or furuncle.

Front 30

Carbuncle

Back 30

A group of closely packed boils that create a larger lesion called a carbuncle.

Front 31

Cold Sores

Back 31

Caused by the virus herpes simplex. It remains dormant until activated. It is usually activated by emotional upset, stress, fever, or UV radiation.

Front 32

Warts

Back 32

Caused by viruses that normally live on the surface of the skin but penetrate the stratum corneum when it is damaged. Usually it occurs on finger and feet.

Front 33

Contact Dermatitis

Back 33

Caused by an irritation or an allergy afte coming in contact eith poison oak, poison ivy, harsh soaps, or chemicals. It is an itchy, redness and inflammation of skin which may cause blisters and oozing.

Front 34

Chicken Pox

Back 34

Intensely irritating blisters.

Front 35

Shingles

Back 35

Caused by the chicken pox virus. The virus continous to live in the body after the blisters disappears.

Front 36

Psoriasis

Back 36

Cause red epidermal lesions covered with dry, silvery scales.

Front 37

Burns

Back 37

Tissue damage and cell death caused by intense heat, electricty, UV radiation, or certain chemicals.

Front 38

Epiderms

Back 38

Outer hard layer of skin tissue. It is keratinized stratified squamous cells.

Front 39

Dermis

Back 39

Dense connective tissue that holds body together.

Front 40

Blister

Back 40

burn or friction cause them to separate allowing fluid to accumulate in space between layers.

Front 41

Callus

Back 41

Skin subjected to pressure, and increases rate of mitosis which creates thinker epidermis.

Front 42

Stratum Basale

Back 42

deepest cell layer, and lies closet to dermis layer

Front 43

Melanocytes

Back 43

Cells located in stratum basale. This produces melanin or pigment for the skin.

Front 44

Freckles and Moles

Back 44

This is where melanin is concentrated in one spot.

Front 45

Stratum Corneum

Back 45

Outermost layer, older epithelial cells in epidermis.

Front 46

Cornified Cells

Back 46

This is also known as the Horny Cells. These are shinglelike dead cell remnants filled with keratin that rub or flake off, and it is replaced by stratum baslae cells.

Front 47

Fibroblasts

Back 47

Cells that produce ground substance, collagen, elastin, hyaluronic acid.

Front 48

Collagen Fibers

Back 48

Enables strecthing of skin. It attracts and binds water which keeps the skin hydrated.

Front 49

Elastin Fibers

Back 49

Gives the skin its elasticity when young and binds collagen fibers together.

Front 50

Cutaneous Nerve Receptors

Back 50

Nerves that have specialized recptor end-organs stimulated by environmental factors.

Front 51

Papillary Layer

Back 51

Upper dermal region.

Front 52

Dermal Papillae

Back 52

Uneven and has fingerlike projections from superior surface.

Front 53

Free Nerve Endings

Back 53

Pain and temperature receptors

Front 54

Meissner's Corpuscles

Back 54

Touch receptors

Front 55

Pacinian Corpuscles

Back 55

Deep pressure receptors

Front 56

Hypodermis (Subcutaneous Layer)

Back 56

Not part of skin. This is blood vessels and nerves that supply dermis.
1. anchors skin to underlying organs
2. shock absorber and insulator of deeper tissues from big temperature.
3. reserve energy

Front 57

Cellulite

Back 57

Sub Q fat organized into fat lobules, and it is separated by collagen fibers when lubes become enlarged with fat.