Peace & Justice - Part 2 Study

Front 1

adaptive significance of behavior

Back 1

way in which particular behavior patterns are maintained and promoted in a population because they contribute to the reproductive success of individuals

Front 2

aggressive dominance

Back 2

the encouragement of aggressiveness
ex. young Fulani males are taught to beat up cattle to prevent them from wandering off and to fight back if they are attacked. If they prevent from retaliating, they are seen as cowards

Front 3

alienation

Back 3

an acute loneliness and disconnectedness from others

Front 4

alliances (as a cause of war)

Back 4

-alliances have a strong influence on who goes to war and on which side
-alliances can be double-edged swords: brings/prevents war, increases/reduces tensions, etc
-ex. WW1

Front 5

alliances (absence as a cause of war)

Back 5

-ex. failure of the anti-Nazi states to organize a united opposition, encouraged German and Japanese expansionism

Front 6

Aristotle vs Rousseau's views on the origin of state

Back 6

Aristotle: origin of state was "natural" and needed no explanation
Rousseau: historical curiousity

Front 7

arms races

Back 7

"intense competitions between opposed powers or groups of powers, each trying to achieve an advantage in military power by increasing the quantity or improving the quality of its armaments or armed forces"

Front 8

Arnold Toynbee (climate & war)

Back 8

extremes of climate: less conducive to the development of large scale war compared to temperate climates
prairie & seacoast dwellers: more war prone than mountain or forest inhabitants
nomads: more war prone than settled agriculturalists

Front 9

assimilation

Back 9

when isolated national groups lose their identity in favor of a larger group
(ex. American Indians and Hawaiians)

Front 10

attribution error

Back 10

attributing the behavior of the other person to ill will and aggressiveness, but interpreting own behavior to self-protection
(treat yourself better)

Front 11

authoritarian left

Back 11

Communist - individuals are less important than the collective society

Front 12

far right

Back 12

stresses the importance of the state and accepts the individual only as his interests coincide with those of the State
ex. Mussolini

Front 13

authoritarian personality

Back 13

reflecting a desire for power, security, order
demand for obedience
tendency to be hostile to minorities or use them as scapegoats

Front 14

Balkanization

Back 14

to divide into smaller states

Front 15

classical ethological approach

Back 15

aggression is genetically controlled behavior
actual behavior patterns are stereotyped, variant, and independent of learning

Front 16

Eros vs Thanatos

Back 16

Eros: life instinct
Thanatos: death instinct

Front 17

fictive kinship

Back 17

appeals to patriotism
calling on citizens to stand up for the motherland/"Uncle Sam"/brothers & sisters/etc

Front 18

Kleinian theory (Melanie Klein)

Back 18

human aggression is rooted in the earliest "primitive" states of human existence

Front 19

Lorenzian approach (Konrad Lorenz)

Back 19

animals are endowed with certain behaviors (fixed action patters) whose physical performance is genetically fixed and unvarying between individuals

Front 20

narcissistic injury

Back 20

injuries to the group are easy to perceive as injuries to one's self

Front 21

detente

Back 21

a relaxing of tensions between nations

Front 22

mob psychology

Back 22

where individuals engage in acts that would rarely be done if they were acting alone

Front 23

psychic numbing

Back 23

a psychological phenomenon of the nuclear age
refers to a loss of emotional sensitivity and awareness that appeared to result from the survivors' immersion in the mass death

Front 24

totemic symbols

Back 24

ex. insignias, regimental banners, national flags

Front 25

totalism

Back 25

susceptibility to all-or-nothing simplifications
ex. us vs them, good vs evil, God vs the devil