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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Name 3 characteristics of the lungs
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~ Millions of alveoli
~ Surrounded by pleural membrane ~ Air moves from high to low pressure areas |
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Describe breathing in during rest
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~ Diaphragm contracts
~ Intercostal muscles contract, lift s ribs up and out ~ Lungs pulled out |
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Describe breathing in during exercise
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Rate + depth increases
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What is tidal volume?
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Air we breathe in (0.5-3.5L)
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Describe breathing out during rest
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~ Diaphragm + IC muscles relax
~ Volume decreases ~ Air pressure increases |
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Describe breathing out during exercise
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~ IC muscles contract pulling ribs in
~ Abdominals contract pushing diaphragm |
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What is tidal volume?
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Amount of air breathed out per breath
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What is IRV?
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Maximum amount of air forced in plus TV
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What is ERV?
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Maximum amount of air forced out plus TV
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What is Vital Capacity?
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Maximum amount of air exhaled
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What is residual volume?
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Amount of air left in the lungs after exhaling
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What is total lung capacity?
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VC + RV
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What does gas exchange depend on?
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The partial pressure gradient between blood + tissue
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Where does diffusion move on the PP gradient?
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Down diffusion gradient
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What is oxyhaemoglobin?
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The result of oxygen joining to haemoglobin
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Name some factors that affect O2 diffusion
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~ Amount of alveoli
~ Training ~ Permeability of alveoli |
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Where is myoglobin found?
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Muscles
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What is haemoglobin used for?
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Transporting 02
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What is Arterio Venous Oxygen difference? (AVO2)
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Amount of oxygen removed from blood by muscles
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How is breathing controlled?
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Rate + depth controlled by respiratory centre in medulla oblongata
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What involvement does the brain have in breathing during rest?
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~ Respiratory centre sends nerve impulses to diaphragm + IMC which makes the contract
~ After 2 seconds the signal stops + elastic recoil of the lungs makes us exhale |
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What involvement does the brain have in breathing during exercise?
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~ Chemoreceptors stimulated by increase of O2 in blood, creating higher acidity in blood.
~ Impulse then sent to respirator centre to increase breathing to reduce blood acidity |
