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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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List the functions of the blood. |
Transportation Temperature Regulation Clotting Fighting infection
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Describe transportation (functions of the blood). |
It allows oxygen to be taken to organs and muscles and waste products to be removed. |
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Describe temperature regulation (functions of the blood). |
It allows our bodies to operate efficiently at the optimum temperature. |
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What is vasoconstriction? |
Causes a decrease in the diameter of blood vessels. A contraction of the involentry muscles in the vessel wall are responsible for this. Blood flows closer to the core to keep heat in. |
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What is vasodilation? |
Causes an increse in the diameter of blood vessels and decrease resitance to the flow of blood. Blood flows close to the skins surface and cools us. |
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Describe clotting (functions of the blood). |
Clotting occurs when platelets combine, this process helps to protect the injury from infection and reduces blood loss. |
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Describe fighting infection (functions of the blood). |
Antibodies within our white blood cells allows our bodies to fight off infection and keep us healthy. |
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What is diffusion? |
The movement of gas from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure through a semi permeable membrane. |
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Where does diffusion take place? |
Lungs (alveoli) and active muscles (capillaries) |
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What are the componants of blood? |
Red blood cells White blood cells Platelets Plasma |
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Describe red blood cells. |
Are designed to transport oxygen, nutrients and waste. These are produced in the bone marrow of long bones. Contain haemoglobin which transports oxygen in the blood. |
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How do red blood cells benefit a performer? |
Allows us to transport oxygen to muscles during exercise and removes waste. |
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Describe white blood cells. |
The function of these blood cells is to protect the body by repairing damaged tissue or fighting infection through antibodies. |
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What is the benefit of white blood cells to a performer? |
By fighting infection you are able to keep yourself healthy and fit. |
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Describe platelets. |
Platelets combine to clott the blood after a cut or graze. |
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Describe plasma. |
Is 90% water and makes up 55% of our blood volume. Plasma helps blood flow fluently through the cardiovascular system. |
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Name the parts of the vascular system. |
Artery Capillary Vein |
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What is the function of the artery? |
Takes blood away from the heart. |
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What are the structural features of the artery? |
Have a thick muscular wall and carry blood at high pressure. They have a small cross section area. They have elastic walls to allow vasodilation and vasoconstriction. |
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Describe the function of the capillary. |
Capillaries allow gases to exchange which in turn allows us to supply oxygen and remove waste. |
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What are the structural features of the capillaries? |
They are microscopic vessels that link arteries and veins. They are one cell thick and allow gases to pass through them. |
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Describe the function of the vein. |
Carries blood back to the heart. |
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What are the structural features of the veins? |
Veins carry deoxynated blood back to the heart. Their walls are thinner and less elastic than arteries. They have a larger cross-sectional area. Veins have valves that prevent blood from flowing backwards. |
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The _______ has low pressure chambers, they collect and store the blood before it is pumped into the _____________ . |
Atria Ventricles |
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The ______________ pump blood with great force to the lungs and ___________________ and are surrounded by a thick muscular wall to assits with this function. |
Ventricles Active muscles |
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What is cardiac output? |
The volume of blood the heart pumps in 1 minute. |
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What is the equation for cardiac output? |
Cardiac output = stroke volume x heart rate |
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What is stroke volume? |
The amount of blood ejected by the ventrical at each contraction. |
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What is heart rate? |
The number of times the heart ventricles beat in 1 minute. |
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What is tidal volume? |
The volume of air inspired or expired per breath. |
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What is cardiac hypertrophy? |
The muscular walls of the ventricles grow, making the heart stronger and more efficient. |
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What is minute ventilation? |
The volume of air inspired or expired in 1 minute. |
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List some short term responses to exercise. |
. Heart rate increases . Stroke volume and cardiac output increase . Blood is shunted to muscles . Oxygen debt . Vasodilation . Sweating . Tidal volume increases |
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List some long term responses to exercise. |
. Cardiac hypertrophy . More cappillaries are formed . Blood pressure lowers . Blood volume increases . Quicker recovery time . Vital capacity increases |
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What is the primary function of the respiratory system? |
To bring blood in contact with atmospheric air so that oxygen can be taken in and used, and carbon dioxide removed. |
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What is the role of your nose? |
. Air is warmed so it is the same temp as internal organs . Filters the air with hair and mucus . Moistens air |
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List the structure of the respiratory system. |
1. Nasal passage 2. Oral cavity 3. Pharynx 4. Larynx 5. Trachea 6. Bronchi 7. Lungs 8. Heart
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What happens in the nasal passage and the oral cavity? |
Air enters the body. |
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What happens in the pharynx, larynx and the trachea? |
Air travels down these pipes. |
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What happens at the bronchi? |
Splits/seperates air left or right |
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What do the lungs do? |
Holds air |
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What does the heart do? |
Puts the oxygen into the blood |
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What happens during inspiration? |
Diaphram contracts and pulls down. Intercostal muscles contract and pull the ribs up. Chest expands. Air pressure is reduced. Air is sucked through the tubes : pharynx, larynx and trachea. |
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What happens during expiration? |
Diaphram relaxes. Intercostal muscles relax and ribs lower. Air pressure is increased. Air is forced out. Chest gets smaller. |
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How does a warm down help with recovery? |
Helps the body to return to resting levels safely. Helps our heart rate reduce. Helps our stroke volume and tidal volume reduce. Helps our temperatre return to normal safely. Stops blood pooling. Removes lactic acid from muscles. Oxygen debt. Allows us to reflect psychologically. |
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What might influence recovery? |
Age If the exercise is new Fitness level Gender Diet and fluid intake |
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When does oxygen debt take place? |
When muscles respire anearobically. |
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Describe oxygen debt. |
During anearobic exercise, lactic acid will be created and glucose used as fuel. During this time we will effictivley "borrow" oxygen because we can't supply it quick enough. This oxygen will then be "owed" to the body after the exercise is finished. |
