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83 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Gland that has tropic hormones
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Anterior Pituitary
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Stimulates growth and development of other target organs and stimulates secretion of other hormones
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Anterior Pituitary
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Gland that secretes ADH and Oxytocin
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Posterior Pituitary
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Stimulates uterine contractions and mammary secretion
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Oxytocin
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Secretes Thyroxine (T4) and Calcitonin
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Thyroid
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Hormone that increases metabolism
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T4
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Hormone that lowers calcium
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Calcitonin
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Secretes parathyroid hormone
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Parathyroid
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Hormone that increases plasma protein
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Parathyroid hormone
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Secretes insulin and glucagon
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Pancreas
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Hormone that lowers blood COH
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Insulin
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Hormone that raises blood COH
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Glucagon
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Secretes glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids
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Adrenal Cortex
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Hormone that regulates metabolism
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Glucocorticoids
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Hormone that promotes Na retention
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Mineralocorticoids
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Secretes Epinephrine
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Adrenal Medulla
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Hormone that control adrenergic stimulation
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Epinephrine
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Secretes estrogen and progesterone
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Ovaries
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Hormone that maintains female genital tract and promotes female sex characteristics
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Estrogen
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Hormone that prepares endometrium for implantation
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Progesterone
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Secretes testosterone
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Testes
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Hormone that promotes male sex characteristics and production of spermatozoa
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Testosterone
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Lipids derived from cholestrol
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Steroids
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_______ are synthesized by modifying amino acids
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Biogenic amines
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Consist of 3 to 200 amino acids
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Polypeptides
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Estrogen, progesterone, testosterone, aldosterone, and cortisol are examples of ________
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Steroids
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T3, T4, epinephrine, histamine, and serotonin are examples of _________
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Biogenic amines
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Oxytocin, ADH, parathyroid hormone, calcitonin, CCK and gastrin are examples of ________
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Peptides and proteins
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5 characteristics of Hormones
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Physiological regulators
Effective in minute quantities Synthesized by living cells Secreted into and carried by the blood Initiate specific actions |
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7 hormones secretes from the anterior pituitary
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GH
ACTH- Adrenocorticotropic Hormone TSH- Thyroid stimulating hormone PRL- Prolactin FSH- Follicle stimulating hormone LH- Luteinizing hormone MSH- Melanocyte stimulating hormone |
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2 hormones secreted from the posterior pituitary
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ADH
Oxytocin |
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Hormone secreted from the posterior pituitary are made in the _______
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Hypothalamus
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Excess GH
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Giantism and Acromegaly
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Lack of GH
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Pituitary Dwarfism
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Stimulates production of milk
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Prolactin
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Promotes and maintains growth and development of the thyroid gland and stimulates it to secrete T3 and T4
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TSH
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Stimulates growth and development of the follicle (egg), regulated by GnRH
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FSH
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Acts with FSH in the development of the follicle
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LH
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Promotes and maintains normal growth and development of the adrenal cortex and stimulates secretion of the glucocorticoids
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ACTH
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Stimulates the release of IGF
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GH
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IGF
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Insulin-like growth factor
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Stimulated by GH and mediates most of GH's growth-promoting activity
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IGF
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Stimulates milk secretion and strong uterine contractions
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Oxytocin
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Secretes catecholamines
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Adrenal Medulla
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3 zones of the adrenal gland
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Zona Glomerulosa
Zona Fasciculata Zona Reticularis |
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Part of the adrenal gland that secretes mineralocorticoids
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Zona Glomerulosa
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Part of the adrenal gland that secretes Glucocorticoids
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Zona Fasciculata
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Part of the adrenal gland that secretes Gonadocorticoids
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Zona Reticularis
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Regulates aldosterone
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Renin-angiotensin system
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Regulates cortisol
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ACTH
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_________ are anti-inflammatory and decrease antibody production
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Glucocorticoids
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The main male sex hormone
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DHEA
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Inadequate secretion of glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids which results in hypoglycemia, Na and K imbalance, dehydration, hypotension, weight loss, and weakness
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Addison's Disease
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Hypersecretion of corticosteroids caused by a tumor of the adrenal cortex of by oversecretion of ACTH by the pituitary gland. Symtoms are puffy face, hyperglycemia, hypertension, decreased antibodies, and weakness
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Cushing Syndrome
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Alteration of enzymes required to produce mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids; results in increase in the production of sex hormones, most common in females
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Adrenogenital Syndrome
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Percent of plasma membrane that is protein, lipids, and COH
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\55, 43, 2
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Supporting framework within cytoplasm; transports materials and provided attachment for ribosomes
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ER
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Synthesizes COH and packages molecules for secretion; secretes lipids and glycoproteins
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Golgi Apparatus
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Controls cell activity for carrying on life processes
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Chromatin
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4 major classes of organic compounds
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Nucleic Acids, Proteins, Lipids, COH
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Long strands of DNA are wrapped around proteins called __________.
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Histones
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Henderson-Hasselbach equation
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pH= 6.1 + log [HCO3-]/[CO2]
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Work as carrier vehicles in plasma
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Alpha and Beta Globulins
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Antibodies in Plasma
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Gamma Globulins
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What occurs when a normoblast develops into a reticulocyte?
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Loss of nucleus
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When porphyrin breaks down it creates a compound called
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Bilirubin
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Pathway involved in clotting factors within the blood
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Intrinsic Pathway
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Pathway involved in clotting factors in the tisse
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Extrinsic Pathways
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The _____ of action potentials constitute the code as well as the destination of the impulse
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frequency
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2 chemicals that block the Na+ pores
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TTX and Saxitoxin
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Chemical that keeps the Na+ pores open
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Batrachotoxin
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Autoimmune disease that blocks the ACh receptors
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Myasthenia
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The most common type of muscarinic receptor antagonist
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Atropine
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4 muscarinic receptor stimulants
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ACh, Carbachol, Methacholine, Bethanechol
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Sensors that do not adapt at all or very slowly
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Tonic
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Sensors that adapt rapidly, usually no longer responding to a maintained stimulus
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Phasic
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ATP binds to _____ causing detachment of the Ca++
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HMM
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Binds up to 43 Ca++ within the sarcoplasmic reticulum
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Calsequestrin
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65-85% of ventricular filling occurs during this phase
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Mid-diastole
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65-85% of ventricular filling occurs during this phase
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Mid-diastole
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Drug used for cardiac failure
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Digitalis
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The amount of blood pumped out of each ventricle per beat
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60-80 ml
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Mechanisms that regulate blood flow in relation to the local tissues need for oxygen
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Myogenic and Metabolic
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