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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Binds to 50s subunit
Bacteriostatic Broad spectrum (not pseudomonas) ADRs= Grey Syndrome, toxic bone marrow effects, aplastic anemia |
chloramphenicol (CHLOROMYCETIN)
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*Inhibits production of isoleucyl tRNA
*For impetigo, eczema, folliculitis *Topical |
mupirocin (BACTROBAN)
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*Macrolides
*Bind to 50s subunit *Base absorption is erratic ** *Esters are more acid stable ** *cholestatic jaundice linked ** *Food slows absorption * *Food enhances absorption*** |
erythromycin**, clarithromycin***, azithromycin*
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*ketolide
*similar to macrolides, more acid stable *binds to 50s subunit *NOT influenced by food *vs. respiratory tract infections |
telithromycin (KETEK)
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*binds to 50s subunit
*vs gram+ cocci, some anaerobes (clostridium perfringens) *ADR = pseudomembranous colitis (C.dif) |
clindamycin (CLEOCIN)
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*binds to 30s subunit
*broad spectrum *dosage consistent with half lives *form chelates with Ca, Mg, Fe, Al, Bi - reduce absorption *protein binding *bind irreversibly with bones and teeth (yellowing) ADRs = jaundice,phototoxicity *use for RMSF, acne, traveler's diarrhea |
tetracyclines (tetracycline, doxycycline, minocycline)
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*glycine derived from minocycline
*binds to 30s subunit *uneffected by efflux mechanisms *for intra-ab and skin infections *ADR= photosensitivity, bone binding |
tigecycline (TYGACIL)
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*inserts itself and binds to bacterial cell membranes - CIDAL
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daptomycin
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*co-admin via catheter (3:7 ratio)
*for serious gram + infections *bind to 50s subunits |
streptogramins (quinupristin/dafopristin)
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*inhibits tRNA ribosomal binding
*vs gram + infections *restricted to treatment failures *weak MAOI - careful w/ tricyclic antidepressants |
linezolid
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*narrow gram + spectrum
*topically active *inhibits protein synthesis *for bacterial skin infections and staph conjunctivitis |
fusidic acid
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*inhibit type II Topo and type IV DNA topo
*for UTI, GIT, STD, RTIs, neutropenic fever, acute otitis externa *chelate |
quinolones - levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, moxifloxacin, nalidixic acid
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*anti-tubercular
*specific for mycobacterium tuberculosis *TB bacilli activate drug - inhibit synthesis of mycolic acid *CIDAL *Used for latent TB *ADR = periph. neuritis |
isoniazid
(avoid neuritis with B6) |
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*anti-tubercular
*inhibits mRNA synthesis by binding RNA polymerase - prevents transcription *ADRs=GI distress, red/orange bodily fluids, hepatitis |
rifampin
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isoniazid + rifampin + pyrazinamide
*used for first 2 months of treatment vs TB |
RIFATER
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rifampin + isoniazid
*used for last months of TB treatment |
RIFAMATE
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*inhibits arabinose incorporation into mycolic acid - disrupt cell wall synthesis
*ADR = retrobulbar neuritis, numbness/tingling, dec. uric acid clearance |
ethambutol
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*converted to pyrazoic acid, inhibits mycolic acid at gene transcription sites
*CIDAL |
pyrazinamide
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*bind tightly to membrane sterols (ergosterol) ->> lysis
*fungicidal *topical * *water insoluble ** *ADRs= fever, chills |
polyene antifungals (amphotericin B*, nystatin**)
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*inhibit synthesis of ergosterol to alter membrane fluidity
*broad spectrum *fungistatic at low, cidal at high [ ] * ADRs= burning/itching, photosensitivity, testosterone effects, CYP450 |
azoles - imidazoles and triazoles
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*azole (2)
*used topically for candidiasis and dermatophytes |
miconazole and clortrimazole
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*azole
*used for mucosal, cutaneous, systemic candidiasis, crytococcus, aspergillus |
fluconazole
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*azole
*broader than fluconazole (including most dermatophytes) |
itraconazole
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*azole
*most effective azole vs aspergillus - rash often severe |
voriconazole
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*binds to microtubules
*blocks cell division *fungicidal *po absorption inc. with fatty meals *for tinea corporis *ADRs= headachesm parasthesia *AVOID IN PREGNANCY |
griseofulvin
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*topical for tinea pedis when no complication
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tolnaftate
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*inhibits production of ergosterol precursor
*fungicidal for topical candidiasis and dermatophytes |
terbinafine
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*anti bacterial/ antiprotozoan
*vs trichomoniasis/amebiasis and helicobacter/C.dif *draws off electrons to form nitroradicals - cytotoxic *ADRS= nausea, metallic taste, vertigo |
metronidazole
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*neuraminidase inhibitor
*doesn't really treat active flu *oral inhalation for 5 days within 2 days of symptoms |
RELENZA
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*neuraminidase inhibitor (oral)
*can treat active flu *not much toxicity |
TAMIFLU
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*acyclic purine derivative
*hydrolyzed to acyclovir during first pass *less post-herpatic neuralgia with shingles |
VALTREX
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*I.V.
*for CMV retinitis, colitis, esophagitis *In AIDS patients *teratogenic and carcinogenic |
ganciclovir
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*inhibits all herpes and retroviruses
*inhibits DBA polymerase AND reverse transcriptase *IV |
foscarnet
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*NRTI
*Inhibits reverse transcriptase *ADRs= lactic acidosis, fat redist, bone marrow toxicity, peripheral neuropathy |
zidovudine
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*NNRTI
*binds to reverse transcriptase |
efavirenz
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*protease inhibitor
*prevents maturation of HIV |
saquinavir
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*binds to HIV capsid, prevents its fusion with Cd4 membranes - fusion inhibitor
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enfuvirtide (T-20)
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*binds to CCr5 and blocks HIV entry
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maraviroc
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*inhibits HIV-1 integrase
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raltegavir
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*for hodgkins disease and other lymphomas, breast, neck, head, ovarian cancers
*bi-functional alkylating agent |
cyclophosphamide
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other alkylating agents (4)
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LEUKERAN, ALKERAN, MYLERAN, MATULANE
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*platinum compounds which interact at adenosine and guanine
*require water to activate *s-phase specific |
cisplatin, carboplatin
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