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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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visual acuity
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distance with best correction or pinhole
-tell you if there is a refractive error |
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Pupillary reactions
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equal, round, react to light and accommodation
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Dilate if
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unexplained visal loss
fundus pathology expected |
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Hyperopia
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far sighted
-short eye or flat lens causing near objects to focus behind the retina |
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Myopia
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near sighted
-long eye or overly curved lens causing focal point to land before the retina making distance vision difficult |
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Presbyopia
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Inability of the lens to accommodate to near objects
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how do you document visual acuity without correction
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VA sC
OD OS |
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OD what eye
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left eye
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OS what eye
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right eye
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how do you document visual acuity with correction
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Va cC
OD OS |
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20/30 to 20/70
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affects reading normal print
may affect ability to obtain driver's license (20/40 NV) |
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20/80 to 20/100
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insufficient for driving and requires magnifiers to read
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20/200 to 20/400
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legally bind
counting fingers at 10 ft |
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CF8ft to 4ft
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prob with visual orientation and mobility
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Less than CF4ft
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must rely on non-visual aids
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NLP
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no light perception - total bindness
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Normal variance of pupils size is ___mm
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2mm
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anisocoria
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fixed difference in pupil size
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Coloboma
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non rounded pupil
(congenital abnormality or ppl that have had cataracts surgery) |
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confrontation visual fields
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cover 1 eye and count fingers in all 4 quadrants
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where is the optic disc located?
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center nasal side
have the patient look at a distant point |
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when looking in the eye what are you looking for
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macula, fovea, optic disc, optic cup
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where is the macula and fovea located?
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lateral in the eye and have the patient look directly in the light
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what is a normal cup to disk ratio?
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cup needs to be 1/2 or less the size of the disc
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how do you tell the difference veins and arteries
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veins are bigger and darker
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Cotton wool spots/ soft exudates
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arteriolar occlusion with concomitant nerve edema
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Flamed shaped hemorrhages
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hypertensive vascular rupture
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Hard exudate
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intraretinal lipid exudates
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AV nicking
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artery hypertrophy not really seeing artery or vein but the column of blood; seen in patients with high blood pressure
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papilledema
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lose all anatomical landmarks
-disk is inflammed due to increase intracranial presssure |
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pheochromocytoma
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rare and occurs most often in young adults
-it causes attacks of high blood pressure, headaches, excessive sweating nausea and vomiting, anxiety and loss of consciousness |
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Do you have visual loss in papilledema
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NO
(may have an increase blind spot; because cup larger) |
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Central Retinal Artery Occulsion
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-vascular work up
(carotid and cardiac) -systemic work up (hypertension and temporal arterities) -visual loss is total -No treatment |
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Amaurosis Fugax
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unilateral temporary blindness
-from a clot from carotids |
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Cherry Red Spot off white
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infarcted retina
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chronic hypertension with arteriolarscerosis causes
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compression of vein at AV crossing
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Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion
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Chronic hypertension
visial loss |
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Optic Neuritis
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optic disc edema WITH visual loss
-associated with pain -must rull out MS (looks like papilledema) |
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Dry Macular Degeneration
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-mild gradual central visual loss
-less common -10% VA loss - treat with vitamins (prevent advancement) |
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Wet Macular Degeneration
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-profound central visual loss
-90% VA loss -developes suddenly -try to make it dry to slow it down |
