Pd Ii For Test One

Front 1

a group of immunemediated disorders targeting the peripheral nerves characterized by progressive weakness of the extremeties and attenuation or loss of reflexes.

Back 1

guillain-barre syndrome. an autoimmune neuropathy

Front 2

presentation of this autoimmune neuropathy includes rapidly progresive paralysis, often ascending, areflexia, evidence of demyelination on nerve conduction studies, a neurologic emergency that may rapidly progress to respiratory compromise

Back 2

Guillain-Barre syndrome.

Front 3

Campylobacter jejuni is the most frequently identified organism in this syndrome, and there is a suspected link between the two causing neurologic symptoms

Back 3

guillain barre

Front 4

within the CNS, a bundle of pathway axons is called?

Back 4

tract
fasciculus
peduncle
lemniscus

Front 5

outside the CNS, in the peripheral nerves that connect the CNS to skin/muscle/organ systems are bundles of axons called?

Back 5

nerves

Front 6

if you have an occlusion of the basilar artery at the junction of the 2 posterior cerebral arteries, what will occur/

Back 6

total blindness. the post. cerebral arteries supply the visual cortex

Front 7

what do the cerebellar arteries' supply with blood?

Back 7

the cerebellum and brainstem

Front 8

what are the 3 main sensory systems entering the spinal cord?

Back 8

Pain-temperature
Proprioception-stereognosis
Light Touch

Front 9

if you have a lesion of the spinothalamic tract, what loss will this result in?

Back 9

pain-temp sensation contralaterally, below the level of the lesion

Front 10

what can be a major distinguishing factor of motor neuron disease VS. peripheral neuropathies?

Back 10

absence of sensory changes

Front 11

when upper motor neuron systems are damaged above the crossover of its tracts in the medulla, what is impaired?

Back 11

motor impairment develops on the contralateral side

Front 12

what does damage to LMN or the "final common pathway" result in?

Back 12

it causes ipsilateral weakness and paralysis, muscle tone and reflexes are decreased or absent

Front 13

what will damage to the basal ganglia result in?

Back 13

damage produces changes in muscle tone *increase* disturbances in posture and gait, bradykinesia.

Front 14

what will damage to the cerebellum result in?

Back 14

impairment of coordination, gait and equilibrium

Front 15

what are the two sensory pathways?

Back 15

spinothalamic tracts
posterior columns

Front 16

what are the functions of the sensory pathways?

Back 16

"SCAR"
Sensation
Calibrate body pos. in space
Autonomic fxn: HR, RR, BP
Reflexes

Front 17

where do the cortiospinal tracts originate?

Back 17

in the motor cortex of the brain

Front 18

what is the name of the tracts that synapse in the brainstem with motor nuclei of the cranial nerves?

Back 18

corticobulbar

Front 19

name the general parts that make up the CNS?

Back 19

cerebrum, brain stem, cerebellum and spinal cord, diencephalon, and the basal ganglia

Front 20

what makes up the basal ganglia?

Back 20

caudate nucleus, globus pallidus, putamen, claustrum, amygdala.

Front 21

what are the two main pairs of arteries that supply the brain?

Back 21

internal carotids
vertebral arteries

Front 22

if the Right carotid artery is obstructed, what will occur?

Back 22

weakness and loss of sensation on the LEFT side of the body

Front 23

if the vertebral artery is occluded (aka PCA)what circulation is affected?

Back 23

posterior cerebral circulation to the visual area of the cerebrum, the brain stem and the cerebellum. this will result in
visual loss
dizziness etc.

Front 24

an occlusion of the anterior cerebral artery would result in?

Back 24

loss of strength and sensation in the lower part of the body

Front 25

an occlusion of the middle cerebral artery would result in?

Back 25

predominantly affects strength and sensation in the upper regions of the body

Front 26

if you were to inject contrast material into an artery in order to outline the blood vessels of the cerebral circulation, which side would you do so and why?

Back 26

the Right side starting at the R brachial artery *demonstrating front and back cerebral circulations. Left side would only demonstrate post. circ. since L carotid arises dir from aorta

Front 27

where do the veins of the brain drain into?

Back 27

internal jugular

Front 28

where are spinal taps performed?

Back 28

in the largest cistern "lumbar cistern" between L2 and S2

Front 29

difficulty forming words

Back 29

dysarthria

Front 30

difficulty with gait or balance?

Back 30

ataxia

Front 31

what does weakness made worse with repeated effort and improved with rest may suggest?

Back 31

myasthenia gravis

Front 32

a sensation of tingling, pricking, or numbness

Back 32

parasthesias

Front 33

distorted sensations in response to a stimulus that may last longer than the stimulus itself

Back 33

dysesthesias

Front 34

tonic-clonic motor activity, bladder or bowel incontinence and postictal state suggest?

Back 34

a generalized seizure

Front 35

a paroxysmal disorder caused by sudden excessive electrical discharge in the cerebral cortex

Back 35

seizure

Front 36

what type of stroke is more common?

Back 36

ischemic 85%

hemorrhagic 15%

Front 37

what are most strokes caused by?

Back 37

thromboembolism.
other causes: local injury to vascular wall, *atherosclerosis. inflammation, dissection, viscosity changes, b.v.rupture

Front 38

difficulty in articulating words due to disease of the central nervous system

Back 38

dysarthria

Front 39

A partial or total loss of language skills due to brain damage. Usually, damage to the left perisylvian region, including Broca's area and Wernike's area

Back 39

aphasia

Front 40

what is the MC brain tumor?

Back 40

glioma

Front 41

an acquired decline in cognitive function, insidious

Back 41

dementia

Front 42

what are the 3 categories for disorders of speech?

Back 42

the voice
articulation
production/comprehension

Front 43

P presents with dysphonia, your initial differential should include?

Back 43

laryngitis
laryngeal tumor
unilateral vocal cord paralysis (CN X)

Front 44

defect in the muscle control of the speech aparatus (lips, tongue, palate, pharynx)words may be nasal, slurred, indistinct. central symbolic aspect of language remains intact

Back 44

dysarthria

Front 45

what would be some causes of dysarthria?

Back 45

motor lesions of the CNS or PNS, parkinsonism and cerebellar disease

Front 46

a disorder that is usually caused by lesions of the dominant cerebral hemisphere, that the person cannot produce or understand the language

Back 46

aphasia

Front 47

what are the two common types of aphasia

Back 47

wernicke's
broca's

Front 48

sentences that lack meaning, words are malformed

Back 48

paraphasias

Front 49

invented words

Back 49

neologisms

Front 50

where is the lesion in Wernicke's aphasia?

Back 50

posterior superior temporal lobe

Front 51

where is the lesion in broca's aphasia?

Back 51

posterior inferior frontal lobe

Front 52

lack of content in speech, typical of schizophrenia

Back 52

alogia

Front 53

lack of interest, drive and ability to set and pursue goals, typical of schizophrenia

Back 53

avolition

Front 54

what are some functions tested to verify higher cognitive functions?

Back 54

info and vocab:life
calculating ability: math
abstract thinking: proverbs
Comparisons
Constructional: draw a clock
MMSE.

Front 55

a depressed mood and symptoms for most of the day, over the last 2 years, freedom from s/s no > 2 months at a time

Back 55

dysthymic disorder

Front 56

an observable, usually episodic, feeling or tone expressed through voice, facial expression and demeanor

Back 56

affect

Front 57

a more sustained emotion that may color a person's view of the world

Back 57

mood