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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Initial evaluation of the abdomen requires what 4 things?
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Look
Listen Feel Percuss |
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What organs are found in the right and left upper quadrants? (list 6)
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Liver
Spleen Gallbladder Duodenum Stomach Pancreas |
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Name the 4 quadrants of the abdomen.
Name 3 of the 9 divisions of the abdomen. |
Quadrants: Right upper, left upper, right lower, left lower
Divisions: Epigastric, umbilical, hypogastric (others: right & left epigastric, right & left lateral, right & left hypogastric) |
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What is the alimentary tract comprised of (clinically)?
How long is it? |
27 feet long: Mouth-->esophagus--> stomach-->duodenum-->jejunum-->ileum-->colon-->sigmoid-->anus
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True or False:
Psoas muscles are part of the genitourinary tract |
True
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The peritoneum is part of what tract: GI or Genitourinary?
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GI tract
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Name the quadrant(s) in which the following structures are found:
1. Liver 2. Spleen 3. Gallbladder 4. Cecum 5. Sigmoid colon |
1. right and left upper
2. left upper 3. right upper 4. right lower 5. left lower |
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Name the quadrant(s) in which the following structures are found:
1. Right and left kidney: lower pole 2. Pylorus of the stomach 3. Stomach 4. Duodenum 5. Pancreas: body 6. Pancreas: head |
1. right and left lower
2. right upper 3. left upper 4. right upper 5. left upper 6. right upper |
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Name the quadrant(s) in which the following structures are found:
1. right and left adrenal gland 2. appendix 3. descending colon: portion 4. ascending colon: portion 5. left and right ovary |
1. right and left upper
2. right lower 3. left lower 4. right lower 5. left and right lower |
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Name the quadrant(s) in which the following structures are found:
1. Right & left kidney upper pole 2. Splenic flexure 3. Hepatic flexure 4. right and left fallopian tube 5. right and left ureter |
1. right and left upper
2. left upper 3. right upper 4. right and left lower 5. right and left lower |
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Name the quadrant(s) in which the following structures are found:
1. Ascending colon: portion 2. Transverse colon: portion 3. Descending colon: portion 4. Sigmoid colon 5. Right and left spermatic cord |
1. right upper and lower
2. right and left upper 3. left upper and lower 4. left lower 5. right and left lower |
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Name the quadrant(s) in which the following structures are found:
1. Uterus (if enlarged) 2. Bladder (if enlarged) |
1. right and left lower
2. right and left lower |
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What should be observed during an inspection? (8 things)
Hint: SSSMSHVA |
Skin
Shape Symmetry Masses Scars Hernia Venous pattern Aortic pulsations |
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What should you listen to during auscultation?
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4 quadrants bowel sounds
vascular sounds (ie. bruits)--sounds like "whooshing" |
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Which artery is NOT listed as one to listen for bruits?
Aorta Mesenteric artery Renal artery Iliac artery Femoral artery |
Mesenteric artery is NOT listed as one to listen for bruits
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When percussing the liver, it is important to know that the normal liver span along the midsternal line is __ to __ cm and the midclavicular line is __ to __ cm.
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When percussing the liver, it is important to know that the normal liver span along the midsternal line is 4 to 8 cm and the midclavicular line is 6 to 12 cm.
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What are the 2 ways to palpate the liver?
How do you do it? |
opposing hand technique (place hands on the top and bottom of abdomen)
and finger "hook" technique (hook finger tips under the inferior costal margin, ask patient to inhale and upon exhalation, press down) |
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Describe the 1-2 hand technique for palpation.
What is being assessed? |
Use pads of fingers to assess structures, rigidity, pain, organomegaly, guarding, rebound, subcutaneous structures.
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What is the most common cause of ascites in the peritoneal cavity?
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Portal HTN
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What is a way to test for ascites in the abdomen?
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Fluid wave (tap on one side lateral to the abdomen and feel the wave on the opposite side)
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What position can be used to evaluate ascites through percussion?
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RLD = right lateral decubitus (patient is on his/her side and fluid will sink to the bottom of the belly. If fluid is present, will hear tympany/clarity at the top and dullness at the bottom)
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What other organs can be palpated with the opposing hand technique?
What would constitute an abnormal finding? |
Aside from liver, the kidney and spleen (can use supine or RLD positions) can be palpated.
Unless those organs are enlarged or patient is very thin, shouldn't be able to feel them. |
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What is rebound tenderness?
What does positive rebound tenderness suggest? |
On palpation of the abdomen, press and remove quickly--if patient flinches on withdrawal = positive test
Positive test = peritoneal inflammation (peritonitis) = acute abdomen/perforation |
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True or False:
Rebound tenderness will always be present in a patient with appendicitis |
False
Earlier stages of appendicitis may not produce rebound tenderness |
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What is the pain associated with acute appendicitis/cholecystitis that is found in the right lower quadrant half way between the umbilicus and the ASIS?
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McBurney's Sign is a positive test (pain) at McBurney's point
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What is the pain associated with acute appendicitis/cholecystitis that is found in the right lower quadrant with palpation of the left lower quadrant?
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Rovsing sign
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What is the pain associated with acute appendicitis/cholecystitis that is found from passive extension of the right hip joint that stretches the iliopsoas muscle?
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Psoas sign
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What is the pain associated with acute appendicitis/cholecystitis that is caused by passive internal rotation of the flexed thigh?
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Obturator sign
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What is an involuntary contraction of the abdominal muscles that is slightly slower and more sustained than the rapid, voluntary flinch exhibited by sensitive or anxious patients?
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Guarding
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What is the pain associated with acute appendicitis/cholecystitis that is found when deep inspiration exacerbates the pain during palpation of the right upper quadrant and halts inspiration?
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Muphy's sign
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What on a chest xray is indicative of acute abdominal perforation?
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Air is present above the liver
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What can palpating abdominal aortic pulsations be used for?
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Indirectly measuring the size of thee abdominal aorta
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How do you check for costovertebral (CVA) angle tenderness?
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Kidney punch
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Between referred kidney and ureter pain, which on runs superiorly and which one runs inferiorly down to the inguinal region?
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Superiorly = kidney pain
Inferiorly over the inguinal region = ureter pain |
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What's another word for gas? burping?
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flatus
eructation |
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What's another word for vomit? vomitting blood?
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Emesis
hematemesis |
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What's the word for fluid in the abdomen?
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Ascities
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What's the word for blood in the stool? black tarry stool?
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hematochezia
melena |
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What's the word for vomitting black, coffee ground looking blood? What about when it comes out in the stool?
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Coffee ground emesis
melena |
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What is the word for an upset stomach?
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dyspepsia
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What's the word for severe constipation but not impaction?
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Obstipation
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What's the word for feeling like you have a bowel movement but nothing comes out?
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Tenesmus
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What's the word for the full/bloated feeling usually inable to get through a full meal?
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Satiety (early)
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What is it called when the length of the bowel folds over itself like a telescope?
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Intussusception
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What does N/V/D/C stand for when dealing with the abdomen?
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nausea, vomit, diarrhea, constipation
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What is the word for crampy, intermittent pain?
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Colic
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What is it called when the eyes turn yellow from jaundice?
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icterus
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What is the word for stool with high fat (floats)?
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Steatorrhea
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What does anorexia REALLY mean?
Which word means the psychiatric disorder where one does not eat? |
loss of appetite
anorexia nervosa |
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What is the name for normal bowel sounds?
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Borborygmus
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If a word ends in -lithiasis, what does it usually mean?
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stones
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What is dysphagia?
dysphasia? |
Dysphagia = difficulty swallowing
Dysphasia = inability to speak |
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What is pain with chewing and swallowing called?
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Odynophagia
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What is the word for a concave abdomen on a supine patient?
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Scaphoid
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What is the word for massive weight loss?
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cachexia
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What is the word for the twisting of the bowel often resulting in the loss of blood supply to that region?
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Volvulus
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What is endoscopy?
What is a retroflexed scope? |
Scope sent down into the esophagus
Retroflexed: when scope is turned around at the end and views itself dscending |
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What is the condition caused by chronic acid reflux which changes the cell type and increases the risk of esophageal cancer?
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Barrett's esophagitis
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Which part of the colon has triangular haustral markings? circular?
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Transverse colon = triangular
ascending/descending colon = round |
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Difference between diverticulosis and diverticulitis
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-osis bleeds
-itis is infected |
