Pd Bio Exam2 Cells And More

Front 1

all the chemical reactions that occur in living cells

Back 1

metabolism

Front 2

the addition of a phosphate group to a substrate

Back 2

phosphorylation

Front 3

True or False: when phosphorylation adds a negative charge to a protein, the electrons in the protein keep the same configuration.

Back 3

False, the electrons in the protein change configuration

Front 4

the amount of energy in an electron is based on its what?

Back 4

based on its position relative to other electrons and the protons in the nuclei

Front 5

Protein movement does what 3 things in a cell?

Back 5

transports materials inside cells, powers flagella or cilia, and pumps ions across membranes

Front 6

chemical reactions that involve the loss or gain of one or more electrons

Back 6

Reduction-oxidation reactions

Front 7

LEO

Back 7

loss of electrons is oxidation

Front 8

GER

Back 8

gain of electrons is reduction

Front 9

True or False:Oxidation events are always paired with a reduction

Back 9

true

Front 10

True or False: C-H bonds contain a lot of energy

Back 10

true

Front 11

Oxidized molecules have what kind of bonds?

Back 11

C-O

Front 12

oxidized molecules tend to have high or low potential energy?

Back 12

low

Front 13

in redox reactions, the electron receptor is oxidized or reduced?

Back 13

reduced

Front 14

glycolysis, pyruvate processing, citric acid cycle, electron transport and chemiosmosis

Back 14

four steps of cellular respiration

Front 15

one molecule of glucose is broken into two molecules of the 3-carbon compound pyruvate. which process of cellular respiration?

Back 15

glycolysis

Front 16

processed to form compound acetyl-CoA. molecule of NADH produced

Back 16

pyruvate processing

Front 17

Acetyl-CoA is oxidized to two molecules of CO2

Back 17

citric acid cyle

Front 18

another name for the citric acid cyle

Back 18

krebs cycle

Front 19

any suite of reactions that produces ATP in an electron transport chain

Back 19

cellular respiration

Front 20

all 10 reactions of glycolysis occur in what?

Back 20

the cytosol

Front 21

True or Fase: Most of the time, the addition of a substrate slows the rate of a chemical reaction.

Back 21

false, the addition of a substrate speeds the rate of a chemical reaction

Front 22

this occurs when an enzyme in a pathway is inhibited by the product and the reaction sequence

Back 22

feedback inhibition

Front 23

enzymes active site or a location that changes the enzyme's activity where ATP can bind

Back 23

regulatory site

Front 24

When ATP concentrations are high, the molecule also binds at the regulatory site on what?

Back 24

phosphofructokinase

Front 25

the pyruvate produced by glycolysis is transported from what to what?

Back 25

cytosol to mitochondria

Front 26

the use of sunlight to manufacture carbohydrates

Back 26

photosynthesis

Front 27

organisms that make all of their own food from ions and simple molecules

Back 27

organisms that obtain sugars and many of the other macromolecules they need from other organisms

Front 28

True or False: Photosynthesis is endergonic where as Cellular Respiration is exergonic.

Back 28

true

Front 29

reactions that reduce carbon dioxide and produce sugar but only functions if the light-capturing reactions are occuring

Back 29

Calvin Cycle

Front 30

what two color photos are the most effective at driving photosynthesis?

Back 30

red and blue

Front 31

how do carotenoids protect chlorophyll molecules from harm?

Back 31

they "quench" free radicals by accepting or stabilizing unpaired electrons

Front 32

phases of mitosis

Back 32

interphase, prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis

Front 33

most of cell life is in which phase?

Back 33

interphase

Front 34

type of reproduction that produces offspring genetically identical to the parent

Back 34

asexual reproduction

Front 35

single long DNA double helix wrapped around proteins in a organised manner

Back 35

chromosome

Front 36

DNA copy in a replicated chromosome

Back 36

chromatid

Front 37

parts of interphase

Back 37

G1, S, G2

Front 38

another name for interphase

Back 38

miotic (M) phase

Front 39

homologous chromosomes

Back 39

chromosomes with the same genes

Front 40

how many copies of each type would the organism usually have?

Back 40

2

Front 41

how many chromosomes do humans have?

Back 41

46