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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is iron needed for? |
SYNTHESIS OF: HB, cytochromes in electron transport chain and also as enzymes ; iron-sulfur complexes in ETC allowing for oxidative phosphorylation. |
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Sources of iron |
Liver, meat, leafy green vegetables. |
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What is an excess of iron in the body called and what symptoms can it cause? |
Haemochromatosis. Oxidative damage to molecules in the cell. Deposited in liver, pancreas and heart. Can cause heart failure, liver damage and can also cause diabetes. Can cause bronze pigmentation of skin. Excess uptake of iron- genetic cause and dietary cause. |
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What can happen if you have too low iron? |
Microcytic anaemia- low MCV, Hb, Iron and Ferritin levels. Can cause fatigue, dizziness, tiredness. |
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What is the other name for vitamin A? |
Retinol or retinoid acid |
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Beta carotene what is it? |
Provitamin to vitamin A. |
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Functions of vitamin A- there are 5! |
1. Signalling molecule, interacts with transcription factors RAR and only trans RR. 2.Cell differentiation and embryogenesis 3. Synthesis of rhodopsin the pigment in rod cells which gives rise to vision in poor light environments 4. Immune system 5. Formation of mucous membranes and epithelia |
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Deficiency of vitamin A without blindness can cause.. |
Increase in infection risk. Cause malfunctioning of epithelia and mucous membranes of GI and respiratory tract leading to infections and diarrhoea. Caused by liver disease and poor fat absorption. |
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How does vitamin A cause blindness? |
Night blindness by loss of rhodopsin. Causes xerophtalmia- cannot produce tears so the conjunctiva becomes dry and wrinkled and then may develop spots on them. Cornea may then become cloudy, keratinise and then erode and ulcerate which causes blindness. |
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Vitamin D- other name |
Calicol |
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Vitamin D metabolism goo. |
So 7-dehydrocholesterol is produced in the liver and is found in the skin. Under UV light from sunlight, photolytic reaction to form D3 and also D2. Then they are converted to calcidiol in the liver then 1,25 the active form in the kidney! |
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Deficiency of vitamin D can lead to.. |
Reduced calcium uptake and rickets. |
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Vitamin E is also known as.. |
tocopherols |
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How is vitamin E digested and transported around the body? |
chylomicrons and then is transported in association with LDLs |
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Function of Vitamin E - 4 |
POWERFUL ANTIOXIDANT. protects cell membranes and plasma lipoproteins against free radical damage due to its lipid solubility. also involved in immune function, cell singling and gene expression. |
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Deficiency of vitamin E symptoms.. |
Damage to nerve and muscle membranes. Ataxia may develop- loss of control of body movement, reflexes and also changes in proprioception in children may also occur! |
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Who is at risk of vitamin E def? |
Premature babies. Membrane abc- HAEMOLYTIC. |
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Vitamin K Sources |
pig liver and green vegetables. ALSO made by bacteria in the small bowel and is then absorbed in the caecum. |
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Vitamin k function is... |
the post translational modification of coagulation factors II (PROTHROMBIN) VII, IX AND X. 2,7,9 and 10! |
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Defieicny of vitamin K |
Bleeding disorders due to hypoprothrombinaemia. Osteoporosis. Given to premature babies. |
