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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Mechanisticall, methyldopa exerts its anti-hypertensive effect by acting as
a. a false neurotransmitter b. an alpha-2 adrenergic agonist c. an alpha-1 adrenergic antagonist d. A&B e. B&C |
Pharmacodynamically, methyldopa will lower blood pressure by
a. reducing cardiac output b. its negative chronotropy c. decreased sympathetic tone d. all of the above e. none of the above |
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Mechanistically and pharmacodynamically, the anti-hypertensive actions of ______ are basically identical to that for methyldopa
a. clonidine b. guanethidine c. guanadrel d. A& C e. all of the above |
The pseudotolerance that may be seen with clonidine or methyldopa is due to
a. a down-regulation of alpha-1 adrenergic receptors b. an up-regulation of alpha-2 adrenergic receptors c. reflex increases in sodium reabsorption d. reflect increases in heart rate e. none of the above |
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Mechanistically, guanethidine is anti-hypertensive by its action as
a. a false neurotransmitter b. an alpha-2 adrenergic agonist c. a nicotinic cholinergic antagonist d. A&B e. B&C |
Side effects that may occur with the centrally acting sympatholytic anti-hypertensives include
a. seizures b. sedation c. choreoathetosis d. A & C e. B & C |
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______, formally used to provide controlled hypotension during surgery, is now approved only as an orphan drug for the treatment of Tourette's syndrome
a. Guanethidine b. Mecamylamine c. Trimethaphan d. Guanadrel e. Pargyline |
Concerning the MOA of reserpine as an anti-hypertensive
a. its taken up in adrenergic neurons by the NA-reuptake transporter b. it destroys pre-synaptic storage vesicles c. its effects are peripheral only in their action d. B &C e. all of the above |
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______ is specifically used in the treatment of phaeochromocytoma though its ability to inhibit catecholamine synthesis
a. Phenoxybenzamine b. tolazoline c. metyrosine d. phentolamine e. guanadrel |
Atenolol is effective as an antihypertensive due to _______, mechanistically
a. cardiac beta 1 antagonism b. vascular beta 2 agonist effects c. renal beta 1 antagonism d. A&B e. A&C |
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Pharmacodynamically, penbutolol is effective in lower blood pressure by
a. its negative inotropic effects b. reducing heart rate c. inhibiting the release of renin d. A & B e. all of the above |
Concerning the beta adrenergic antagonists as anti-hypertensives
a. they may cause torsade de pointes b. sudden discontinuation may cause rebound hypertension c. their primary action is centrally-mediated d. A&C e. all of the above |
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Considering the secondary actions of the beta-blockers, _____ is necessary for their anti-hypertensive effects
a. beta 1 selectivity b. intrinsic sympathomimetic activity c. membrane stabilizing activity d. all of the above e. non of the above |
considering the use of beta-blockers in the treatment of hypertension, those with ______ are better choices for patients who also suffer from asthma
a. beta 1 selectivity b. intrinsic sympathomimetic activty c. membrane stabilizing activity d. all of the above e. none of the above |
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Labetalol provides antihypertensive effects through its secondary mechanism of action of
a. central alpha-1 agonist activity b. peripheral alpha 1 antagonist activity c. direct inhibition of aldosterone d. natriuresis e. selective beta blockade |
_______ is an irreversible alpha adrenergic antagonist used to treat phaeochromocytoma
a. midodrine b. phentolamine c. phenoxybenamine d. ambrisentan e. fenoldopam |
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The beneficial antihypertensive pharmacodynamics effect seen with prazosin is
a. a decrease in heartrate b. reduction in cardiac output c. vasodilation d. A& B e. all of the above |
Mechanstically, terazosin exerts its antihypertensive effect via
a. beta adrenergic blockade b. alpha-2 antagonism c. antagonism of angiotensin II d. B &C e. none of the above |
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In addition to their antihypertensive effects, drugs such as doxazosin are effective in treating
a. Tourette's syndrome b. severe reflex sympathetic dystropy c. benign prostatic hypotrophy d. hirsutism e. alopecia |
______ is an alpha-1 adrenergic agonist that is used to treat idiopatic orthostatic hypotension
a. Midodrine b.Pargyline c.Metyrosine d.Fenoldopam e. iloprost |
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________ exerts its antihypertensive effect by causing the opening of vascular smooth muscle potassium channels
a. hydralazine b. minoxidil c. sodium nitroprusside d. fenoldopam e. bosentan |
Activation of vascular smooth muscle potassium channels will cause ______ pharmacodynamically to cause vasodilatation
a. increased cAMP b. increased cGMP c. reduced calcium influx d. depolarisation e. hyperpolarisation |
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______ exerts its antihypertensive effect by acting as an agonist at EDRF receptors
a. Hydralazine b. Minoxidil c. Sodium Nitroprusside d. Fenoldopam e. Bosentan |
_________ exerts its antihypertensive effect by inhibiting/modulating calcium influx into vascular smooth muscle cells
a. hydralazine b. minoxidil c. sodium nitroprusside d. fenoldopam e. bosentan |
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Pharmacodynamically, nitroprusside will cause vasodilation by
a. increased cAMP b. increased cGMP c. reduced calcium influx d. depolarisation e. hyperpolarisation |
Hydralazine may cause ____ as a potentially sever adverse drug reaction
a. cyanide poisoning b. birth defects c. lupus erythematosus-like reaction d. hypoglycaemia e. hypertrichosis |
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Sodium nitroprusside may cause _________ as a potentially sever adverse drug reaction
a. cyanide poisoning b. birth defects c. lupus erythematosus-like reaction d. hypoglycaemia e. hypertrichosis |
Ambrisentan may cause _______ as a potentially severe adverse drug reaction
a. cyanide poisoning b. birth defects c. lupus erythematosus-like reaction d. hypoglycaemia e. hypertrichosis |
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Fenoldopam exerts its antihypertensive effect by
a. agonist action at prostaglandin I2 receptors b. agonist action at D1 receptors c. antagonist action at endothelin-1 receptors d. antagonist action at AT1 receptors e. blockade of T type calcium channels |
Bosentan exerts it antihypertensive effect by
a. agonist action at prostaglandin I2 receptors b. agonist action at D1 receptors c. antagonist action at endothelin-1 receptors d. antagonist action at AT1 receptors e. blockade of L type calcium channels |
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Epoprostanol exerts its antihypertensive effect by
a. agonist action at prostaglandin I2 receptors b. agonist action at D1 receptors c. antagonist action at endothelin-1 receptors d. antagonist action at AT1 receptors e. blockade of T type calcium channels |
Sildanafil is an effective vasodilator by
a. increased cAMP b. increased cGMP c. reduced calcium influx d. depolarization e. hyperpolarization |
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In addition to its use as a secondary treatment for hypertension, minoxidil is used to treat
a. erectile dysfunction b. hypoglycaemia c. Tourette's syndrome d. Hyperaldosteronism e. male pattern baldness |
________ is used specifically to treat pulmonary arterial hypertension
a. ambrisentan b. tadalafil c. iloprost d. all of the above e. none of the above |
