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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what are the advantages of IV anesthetics
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don't require vaporizer equipment or facilities for gas disposal
faster onset than most agents |
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what are IV anesthetics most commonly used for
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induction
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what do most IV anesthetics lack
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analgesic properties
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what barbiturates are commonly used for rapid induction
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thiopental and thiamylal
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what are the properties of thiopental and thiamylal
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produce dose dependent decrease in arterial blood pressure, stroke volume, cardiac output
potent respiratory depressant decreases cerebral blood flow, desirable for pt w/ cerebral swelling |
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what are the drug of choice for premedication
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benzodiazepines
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what are the properties of benzodiazepines
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inadequate sedation for surgical anesthesia
large doses produce anterograde amnesia slow onset of CNS depressant effects |
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what are the SE of inhaled anesthetics
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depress myocardial or vascular function
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which inhaled anesthetics cause a REDUCTION IN CARDIAC OUTPUT
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halothane
enflurane |
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which inhaled anesthetics cause a DECREASE IN SYSTEMIC VASCULAR RESISTANCE
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isoflurance
desflurane sevoflurane |
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what factors of inhaled anesthetics influence cardiovascular effects
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surgical stimulation
intravascular volume status ventilatory status (hypercapnia attenuates decrease in BP) duration of anesthesia |
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what do inhaled anesthetics do to respiratory system
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cause dose dependent decrease in tidal volume and increases respiratory rate
increase PaCO2 threshold therefore less responsive to hypoxia bronchodilatory agents |
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what do inhaled anesthetics do to uterine smooth muscle
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cause uterine relaxation good for fetal surgery
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what do inhaled anesthetics do to the brain
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increase cerebral blood flow, bad for pt w/ brain trauma
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what do inhaled anesthetics do to the kidney
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decrease renal blood flow
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what do inhaled anesthetics do to the liver
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decrease blood flow
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what inhaled anesthetic causes nephrotoxicity
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enflurane
sevoflurane |
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what causes malignant hyperthermia
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increase release in free calcium
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what treats malignant hyperthermia
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dantrolene by reducing release of free calcium
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what is given w/ benzodiazepines for general anesthesia
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opioid analgesia
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what are the benefits of opioids
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useful in pt where circulatory reserve is limited/impaired cardiac function because DO NOT SUPPRESS CIRCULATION
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what are the typical drugs of choice of opioid analgesics
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fentanyl and sufentanil
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what are the side effects of opioid analgesics
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awarness during surgery
laryngeal rigidity, impaired ventillation postoperative morbidity and increased mortality |
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what are the benefits of propofol
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quick recovery w/ limited postoperative nausea
similar rate of onset to barbituates |
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what are the side effects of propofol
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respiratory depressant
severe acidosis w/ prolonged administration decrease in BP pain at site of injection |
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what benzodiazepines have pain at site of injection
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diazepam
lorazepam NON WATER SOLUBLE |
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what benzodiazepines don't have pain at site of injection
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midazolam
WATER SOLUBLE |
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what is etomidate used for
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induction of anesthesia in pt w/ limited cardiovascular reserve
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what are the benefits of etomidate
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minimal cardiovascular and respiratory depression
requires use of opioid analgesics, NO ANALGESIC EFFECTS |
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what are the side effects of etomidate
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pain of injection
myoclonic activity N/V repease use can cause hypotension and electrolyte imbalance |
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what is the only IV anesthetic that has both anesthetic and analgesic properties
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kentamine
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what IV anesthetic is related to PCP therefore has a high potential for abuse and acts at the NMDA glutamate Rc
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kentamine
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what are the properties of Kentamine
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cardiovascular and cerebrovascular stimulant
contraindicated w/ head trauma |
