Pcol Sem 2 Test 4 Antiepilepsy Drugs

Front 1

what are the MOA of antiepileptic drugs

Back 1

inhibit Na channels
inhibits transient Ca channels
enhance GABA action

Front 2

what channels are excitatory

Back 2

voltage gated Na and Ca channels

Front 3

what channels are inhibitory

Back 3

GABA channels

Front 4

what are Na channel inhibitors

Back 4

phenytoin
carbamezapine
zonisamide
felbamate
valproate
toprimate
lamotrigine

Front 5

what is phenytoin contraindicated for

Back 5

abscence seizures
pregnant women since may cause cleft palate (due to epoxide metabolites)

Front 6

what anti seizure drugs can not be used in absence seizures

Back 6

phenytoin
phenobarbital
carbamazepine

Front 7

what drugs affect phenytoin bioavailability and how

Back 7

salicylates
phenlybutazone
valproate

via competitive competition to albumin binding sites in blood plasma

Front 8

what are the SE of phenytoin and what is unique about its metabolism

Back 8

SE due to narrow therapeutic window and may result in increase in seizure frequency

with increased dose you see a decrease in metabolism

Front 9

what does phenytoin treat

Back 9

tonic clonic (grand mal) seizures
partial seizures

Front 10

what is cabramezapines MOA

Back 10

Na channel blocker

Front 11

what is phenytoins MOA

Back 11

Na channel blocker

Front 12

what does carbamazepine treat

Back 12

complex partial seizures
tonic clonic seizures
neuropathic pain
manic depressive illness

Front 13

what are the SE of carbamazepine

Back 13

water retention
GI and cardiovascular SE
inducer of hepatic microsomal drugs, accelerates degredation of other compounds

Front 14

what is carbamazepine contraindicated for

Back 14

can't give in combo w/ other antiepileptic agents

Front 15

what is Zonisamide MOA

Back 15

Na channel blocker

Front 16

what is Zonisamide SE

Back 16

suppresses appetite and causes weight loss

Front 17

what is Zonisamide used to treat

Back 17

generalized seizures

Front 18

what was Zonisamide originally for

Back 18

sulfonamide antimicrobial agent

Front 19

what is Felbamate MOA

Back 19

Na channel blocker

Front 20

what is Felbamate SE

Back 20

aplastic anemia and hepatitis

Front 21

when is Felbamate used

Back 21

in children with intractable epilepsy (unresponsive to other drugs)

Front 22

what is Ethosuximide MOA

Back 22

T type Ca channel blocker

Front 23

what type of seizure is Ethosuximide used to treat

Back 23

absence

Front 24

Na channel blockers treat what kind of seizures

Back 24

grand mal

Front 25

Ca channel blockers treat what kind of seizures

Back 25

absence

Front 26

what are the SE of Ethosuximide

Back 26

anorexia
nausea
can precipitate tonic clonic seizures

Front 27

what are the properties of Gabapentin

Back 27

GABA analog but has no effect on GABA Rc
excreted unmetabolized therefore caution in pt w/ impaired renal function

Front 28

what is Gabapentin MOA

Back 28

T type channel blocker

Front 29

what type of seizures does Gabapentin treat

Back 29

absence

Front 30

what are the SE of Gabapentin

Back 30

ataxia
sedation

Front 31

what is Gabapentin mainly used as

Back 31

add on thereapy

Front 32

what is the MOA of Lamotrigine

Back 32

blocks glutamate release
block Na and Ca channels

Front 33

what type of seizures does Lamotrigine treat

Back 33

absence seizures

Front 34

what is the MOA of benzodiazepines

Back 34

bind GABA Rc

Front 35

what seizures do Benzodiazepines treat

Back 35

diazepam - status epilepticus
clonazepam - partial seizures

Front 36

why must Benzodiazepines be tapered off

Back 36

exacerbate seizures if suddenly withdrawn

Front 37

what is the MOA of phenobarbital

Back 37

acts at GABA Rc and has minor effect of Ca channel blocking

Front 38

what types of seizures can you treat w/ phenobarbital

Back 38

all types except absence seizures

Front 39

what are the SE of phenobarbital

Back 39

inducer of P450 enzymes
anaemia
sedation
OD = respiratory and circulatory failure

Front 40

what antiepileptic drugs cause anemia

Back 40

phenytoin
phenobarbital
felbamate (aplastic anemia)

Front 41

what is the MOA of toprimate

Back 41

activates GABA Rc
blocks Na and Ca channel

Front 42

when is toprimate mainly used as

Back 42

add on therapy in refractory cases

Front 43

what antiepilepsy drugs are contraindicated in pregnancy

Back 43

phenytoin
toprimate
valproate

Front 44

what is the MOA of valproate

Back 44

increases GABA levels by inhibiting enzymes (GABA transaminase, Succinic Semialdehyde dehydrogenase)

weak Na channel blocker

Front 45

what are the SE of valproate

Back 45

liver damage
teratogenic

Front 46

what can Valproate treat

Back 46

tonic clonic
absence
partial
affective disorders

Front 47

what is the MOA of Vigabatrin

Back 47

specific for GABA transaminase (inhibits it)

Front 48

eventhough Vigabatrin has a short half life how are its effect long acting

Back 48

it irreversibly blocks GABA transaminase and it takes a while for new enzyme to be made

Front 49

what is the MOA of Tiagabin

Back 49

increases GABA by inhibiting reuptake into synapse

Front 50

what are the alternative methods for treating epilepsy and when are they used

Back 50

ketogenic diet
epilepsy surgery

used when 2 medications have failed to control seizures

Front 51

what is the ketogenic diet

Back 51

high fat
low carbs
CONTRAINDICATED FOR ADULTS

Front 52

what is the theory behind the ketogenic diet

Back 52

believed that starvation and keton bodies (produced from fat metabolism) suppress epilepsy

Front 53

what are the alternative methods for treating epilepsy and when are they used

Back 53

ketogenic diet
epilepsy surgery

used when 2 medications have failed to control seizures

Front 54

what is the ketogenic diet

Back 54

high fat
low carbs
CONTRAINDICATED FOR ADULTS

Front 55

what is the theory behind the ketogenic diet

Back 55

believed that starvation and keton bodies (produced from fat metabolism) suppress epilepsy