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6 Cards in this Set
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Elderly pt presents with inability to concentrate or find words, forgetfulness progressing for the past few weeks to severe memory loss to the point where he is reluctant to leave his home and interact with friends. Pt is also noticed having difficulty with daily living tasks, including dressing, balancing check book etc., What can be the cause of this cognitive deficit?
a. acquire, persistant, and progressive loss of intellectual functioning b. acute state of confusion characterized by fluctuating levels of consciousness c. an unpleasant state of extreme arousal, increased tension, and irritability d. degenerative disease leading to tremendous atrophy of the brain |
dementia -- acquired, persistant, and progressive loss of intellectual function
b. delirium c. agitation d. AD |
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It is determined that this patient appeared with manifestations of disorientation, memory loss, and hallucinations as a result of an infection or pain, what can be the FLUCTUATING levels of consciousness?
a. acquire, persistant, and progressive loss of intellectual functioning b. acute state of confusion characterized by fluctuating levels of consciousness c. an unpleasant state of extreme arousal, increased tension, and irritability d. degenerative disease leading to tremendous atrophy of the brain |
delirium -- acute state of confusion leading to FLUCTUATIONS in level of consciousness and irritability due to specific trigger
a. dementia c. agitation d. AD |
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This unpleasant state can lead to altered consciousness leading to delirium, what factors DO NOT increase this agitation?
a. pain b. etoh c. stress d. fever |
pain, stress and fever can increase agitation (NOT etoh)
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Degeneration of this condition usually begins in the hippocampus, leads to temporal, parietal, and frontal lobe. The MRI usually shows large ventricles as a result of atrophy of the brain. there is an increase in deficits of multiple cognitive functions including (memory, orientation, language, judgment). Pt becomes dependent on others for ADL's?
a. Parkinson's disease b. Huntingtons disease c. Alzheimer's disease d. Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease |
Alzheimer's disease for a definitive diagnosis need biopsy or autopsy confirmation
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This condition can lead to slow thought process, slow movements, postural instability, affecting the substantia nigra of BG leading to Lewy bodies (eosinophilic hyaline intraneuronal inclusion); often referred to as a movement disorder
a. dementia that affects executive function leading to tremors, rigidity, akinesia/dyskinesia, and posture/gait abnormalities b. insidious onset leading to multiple cognitive function deficits including, memory, orientation, language, and judgment c. acute onset of confusion characterized by fluctuating levels of consciousness d. results due to multiple strokes leading to a step -wise decline in cognitive function |
Parkinson's disease dementia that affects executive function leading to tremors, rigidity, akinesia/dyskinesia, and posture/gait abnormalities (TRAP)
b. insidious onset leading to multiple cognitive function deficits including, memory, orientation, language, and judgment (AD) c. acute onset of confusion characterized by fluctuating levels of consciousness (Delirium) d. results due to multiple strokes leading to a step -wise decline in cognitive function (multi-infarct dementia - vascular disease) |
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Pt reported he just received a cornea transplant about 4 weeks ago, family reports pt rapidly demonstrated decline in cognitive functioning leading to disorientation, hallucinations, and emotional changes. In addition, they noticed altered sleep patterns, weight loss, and impaired memory and concentration. You are trying to act quickly as this can lead to death in a year. what can cause this disease?
a. genetic factor (familial form) leading to atrophy of brain and enlarged ventricles b. degeneration of the substantial nigra and inclusion lewy bodies c. prion proteins undergo confirmational changes d. multiple storkes |
prion protein undergo confirmational changes leading to accumulation in the neural tissue -- often presents with prodromal symptoms
high incidence of spreading through cornea transplantation |
