Pcca Lab Module 1

Front 1

anytime you see PLUS what does that mean

Back 1

suspension vehicle

Front 2

what vehicle can be made in any pharmacy

Back 2

methylcellulose

Front 3

what is the easiest solution to make

Back 3

simple solution,

prepared by dissolving drug in solvent

Front 4

what's the 1ST thing you have to do when making suspensions/solutions/emulsions? (to the bottle)

Back 4

calibrate it

Front 5

what form of the drug do you use in a suspension to mask the taste

Back 5

insoluble form

Front 6

what are non aqueous vehicles called

Back 6

fixed oils

Front 7

what % of syrup retards growth

Back 7

65% w/w

Front 8

when are elixers used

Back 8

hydroalcoholic solutions

when drug is soluble in R-OH and not water, IE drug is not soluble in water alone

Front 9

how are elixers prepared

Back 9

dissolve R-OH components in R-OH
dissolve water components in water

add the water components to the R-OH to maintain the highest concentration of R-OH

Front 10

what are advantages of solutions

Back 10

doses easily adjusted up or down
homogenous dose
immediate availability for absorption and distribution in the body

Front 11

what are disadvantages of solutions

Back 11

can't mask taste
inaccurate dosing
drug is less stable in solution vs powder

Front 12

when are emulsions prepared

Back 12

when you want to deliver oilly and aqueous substances in the same mixture

ONLY MAKE EMULSIONS WHEN THE DRUG IS AN OIL

Front 13

do emulsions form spontaneously

Back 13

no they require energy

Front 14

what is a primary emulsion

Back 14

water, emulsifying agent, oil

Front 15

what methods can be used to prepare emulsions

Back 15

dry gum (continental) method
heat fusion
wet gum (english) method

Front 16

what are the steps of the heat fusion method

Back 16

ingredients seperated into two groups, water soluble and oil soluble. they are then dissolved in their respective solvents then the two phases are added together.

Front 17

what are the steps for wet gum method

Back 17

emulsifying agent is wetted with a water miscible wetting agent then added to 4 parts water then 2 parts oil is added

Front 18

what is the function of emulsifying agent

Back 18

to minimize the tendency of globules to coalese into bigger globules and seperate the liquieds

Front 19

what is an example of an emulsifying agent

Back 19

Acacia (high HLB value therefore hydrophillic)

Front 20

what are the tests done to determine what type of emulsion

Back 20

dye solubility test
dilution test

Front 21

what is done in the dilution test

Back 21

add H2O/Oil and see which one causes the emulsion to break.

Ex if add water to emulsion and nothing happens then the external phase is water therefore o/w emulsion

Front 22

what is done in the dye solubility test

Back 22

add oil/water soluble dye and if the dye causes the emulsion to change you know the external phase

Front 23

what are examples of water soluble and oil soluble dyes

Back 23

water soluble = methyl blue
oil soluble = sudan 3

Front 24

what numerical value can tell you whether the emulsion is o/w or w/o

Back 24

HLB of emulsifying agent

Front 25

when can you determine whether to compound a suspension, emulsion, solution etc

Back 25

after loooking at the reference book and determining drug solubility

Front 26

what percent of the final weight/volume can flavors be

Back 26

1-3%

Front 27

which flavor do you add first the weaker or stronger

Back 27

weaker

Front 28

for preparations taken by mouth how is the strength listed

Back 28

mg/ml

Front 29

for topical preparations how is the strength listed

Back 29

% strength b/c don't know how much the patient will use

Front 30

what are examples of wetting agents

Back 30

alcohols, glycerine, hygroscopic liquids