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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Gastric reflux
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may occur if the tone of the lower esophageal sphincter is decreased and gastric contents reflux into the esophagus. This may cause heart burn.
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Achalasia (cardiospasm)
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retrosternal pain, neuromotor disorder of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES). Decreased cells in the myentric plexus (analogous to Hirschsprung’s disease), dysphagia for solid and liquid.
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Esophageal atresia
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when distal end of the esophagus is closed.
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Tracheoesophageal fistula
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when there is a hole(connection) between esophagus and the trachea. Milk from the newborn esophagus finds its way into the respiratory tract causing severe respiratory problems.
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Malignancy
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frequently at transition between epithelia.
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Esophageal Cancers
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Low in North America. High in Iran and China (irritation of the mucosa e.g.: hot tea, Opium, etc…)
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Hiatal hernia
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protrusion of part of the stomach into the mediastinum through the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm. Often painful and mixed with other chest pains including the cardiac ischemia
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Sliding hiatus hernia
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when abdominal part of the esophagus and cardia and even part of the fundus slide up through the esophageal hiatus. *Regurgitation and heart burn
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Paraesophageal hiatus hernia
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Cardia doesn’t move but part of the fundus and peritoneum passes through the esophageal hiatus. *Usually no regurgitation
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Hiatal hernia Surgery
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Surgery reinforces the barrier to reflux that the lower esophageal valve normally provides. In most cases, the operation performed to correct gastroesophageal reflux is a procedure called "fundoplication." The upper portion of the stomach (the fundus) is wrapped (plicated) around the lower portion of the esophagus and anchored securely below the diaphragm.
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Radiofrequency Treatment (Hiatal hernia)
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Using an endoscope supplied by electrodes: the radiofrequency energy causes tiny burns at G-E junction that heal and form scar tissue. The scar tissue actually tightens the weak valve.
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Zollinger- Ellison syndrome (gastrinoma)
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Occurs when gastrin is secreted by non-β- cell tumors of the pancreas.
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