Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Epistasis
|
One gene masks the effect of the other due to a biochemical pathway being blocked at one point and preventing expression at another point
|
|
|
Kinetochore
|
set of proteins that assemble on centromere; point of attachment to microtubules
|
|
|
Shugoshin
|
protects the cohesion at the centromeres; separase breaks down cohesin on chromosome arms in meiosis 1-->shugosin keeps cohesin protected at the centromere.
|
|
|
Leptotene
|
Chromosomes contract/chromatin coils and chromosomes become visible. Homologs are unpaired
|
|
|
Zygotene
|
Chromosomes continue to condense, synapsis begins, crossing over starts (can't be seen though)
|
|
|
Each pair of synapsed chromosomes are called
|
Tetrads
|
|
|
Pachytene
|
Chromosomes continue to condense; form 3-part synaptonemal complex, chiasmata occurs.
|
|
|
Diplotene
|
Chiasmata is visible. Centromeres move apart so chromosomes are attached at EACH CHIASMA
|
|
|
Diakinesis
|
Nuclear membrane is broken down; Nucleolus is gone; Chromosomes shortened; centrioles at poles; spindle fibers present
|
|
|
Reductional Division
|
Occurs so daughter cells will have 1/2 # of chromosomes
|
|
|
Autosomal Recessive Mendelian Traits From notes
|
Cystic Fibrosis
Tay-Sacs Albinism MUTYH - associated with colon cancer |
|
|
Autosomal Dominant
|
Achondroplasia (dwarfism)
Congenital Night Blindness Huntingtons Disease (not strictly Mendelian) Neurofibromatosis - brown spots on neonates - develop into benign tumors Congenital Cataracts Osteogenesis Imperfecta |
|
|
MCR1
|
milanocortin receptor gene --> freckles + red hair (and blond hair); susceptibility to skin cancer; not strictly dominant or recessive—has modifier genes. High correlation of skin cancer with M-gene.
|
|
|
Klinefelters
|
XXY
|
|
|
Turner Syndrome
|
XO
|
|
|
Detrimental effects of XYY?
|
Usually none; prison study was incorrect.
|
|
|
Genes on the Y-chromosome
|
ANT3 and DAZ1
|
|
|
ANT3
|
enzyme that moves ADP into and out of mitochondria
|
|
|
DAZ1
|
involved in male infertility
|
|
|
X-ist Genes
|
Activate and produce a special type of RNA. The RNA coats the chosen X to inactivate. RNA coats until the enzymes can not read the DNA on the chromosome anymore
|
|
|
Minor (MN) Blood groups genotypes
|
MM = M
MN = MN NN = N |
|
|
Penetrance
|
Percentage of organisms that have a given Genotype that then actually express the Phenotype. Example: Huntingtons.
|
|
|
Epigenetics
|
How you modify your own gene expression
|
|
|
Epistasis
|
term applied when one gene interferes with the expression of another. Ratio is 9:7 (9:3:3:1 → 3+3+1 = 7) Example: Bombay phenotype.
|
|
|
Holandric
|
Y-linked genes. Example: Hairy Pinna (ears)
|
|
|
Calico Genotypes
|
X-linked:
Color................Female..............Male Black ...............BB...................BY Calico...............Bb.........(only in XXY) Orange ............bb.....................bY |
|
|
Pattern Baldness Genotype/Phenotype
|
Genotype......................Phenotype
...................................Female...........Male BB..............................Bald................Bald BN..............................Hair.................Bald NN..............................Hair.................Hair |
|
|
Parakeets Genotypes
|
B_C_ = Green
bbC_ = Sky Blue B_cc = yellow bbcc = white |
|
|
Order of Prophase 1 sub-phases
|
Leptotene, zygotene, Pachytene, Diplotene, Diakinesis
|
