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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Insoluble
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carbonates(CO3^2-), phosphates(PO4^3-), sulfides(S^2-) sulfites(SO3^2-) (except with alkali or ammonium salts)
metal oxides/hydroxyde (except with Ba2+, Ca2+, Sr2+ and alkali metal oxides) |
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Soluble
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alkali metals, ammonium, nitrates
bromide, iodide, chloride (except Ag+, PB2+, Hg2+) sulfates(except with Ba2+, Sr2+, Ca2+) |
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Molality
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number of moles/ mass in kg of solvent(usually water)
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Vapor pressure of solution
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Psolution = Xmole fraction * Psolvent
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Boiling point elevation
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Delta T = m(molality) * Kb (Constant specific to solvent)
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Freezing depression point
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delta T = molality(m) *Ka(constant specific to
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Osmotic pressure
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equals M(molarity)RT
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Total volume(gas)
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(22.4)liters/mole * total number of moles
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Alpha radiation
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form helium
lose 4 in A and 2 in Z |
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Beta radiation
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gain 1 in Z none in A
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Partial pressure gas
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X(fraction of moles of compound) *total pressure
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E isomer
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the higher priority group on each end of the double bond faces opposite sides
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Combination reaction
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A+B>AB
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combustion reaction
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reactants unite to form one
one of the reactants is a gas |
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Formation reaction
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form from elements in elemental state
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Corrosion reaction
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liquid or gas attacks metal
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Decomposition reactions
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compound breaks down
due to heat, light electrolysis |
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Single displacement reaction
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A + BC > AB + C
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Periodic table
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from right to left: electronegativity, electron affinity, ionization energy increase, size decreases
from bottom to top: electronegativity, electron affinity, ionization energy decreases, size decreases |
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Double displacement reaction
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AB + CD > AC + BD
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Neutralization reaction
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acid+base> salt +H2O
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Precipitation
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double displacement
a solid form |
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Charles' law
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volume gas=temperature
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Boyle's law
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volume of gas=1/P
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Avogadro's law
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volume gas = moles
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Dalton's law
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total pressure = sum partial pressures
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A top Z bottom X
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A atomic number
Z number of protons |
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diagmanetic
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paired electrons
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paramagnetic
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unpaired electrons
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Atomic weight(from isotopes)
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multiply each isotope by percentage
add together |
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Energy(E)
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= -Rh/n^2
= hc/lambda (h constant, c =3.0*10^8 m/s) = -Rh(1/(ni^2)- 1/(nf^2)) |
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quantum numbers(n>l>ml>ms)
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n number in front(ex:3s2 n=3)
l=from 0 to n-1(ex: n=3 l>0 to 2) ml= -l to l(including 0) ms always -1/2 and 1/2 |
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Lewis acid
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electron pair acceptor
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Lewis base
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electron pair donor
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Arrhenius acid
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h+ donor
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Arrhenius base
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HO_ donor
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bronstedt/.lowry acid
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donates H+ protons
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brontedt/ lowry base
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accepts H+ protons
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neutralization
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use normality instead of molarity
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Markovnikov's rule
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H added to least substituted carbon
form greatest stable carbocation |
