Pcat Review: Excretion

Front 1

What are the principle organs of excretion in humans?

Back 1

lungs, liver, skin, and kidneys

Front 2

Urea is produced by the deamination of amino acids in the _____ and diffuses into the blood for ultimate excretion in the _____.

Back 2

liver; kidneys

Front 3

What are the function(s) of the kidneys?

Back 3

maintain osmolarity of the blood, excrete numerous waste products and toxic chemicals, and conserve glucose, salt, and water.

Front 4

Each kidney is composed of approximately one million units called __________.

Back 4

nephrons

Front 5

The kidney is divided into what 3 regions?

Back 5

the outer cortex, the inner medulla, and the renal pelvis

Front 6

What is the Bowman's capsule?

Back 6

bulb-shaped structure located in the nephron; possesses a special capillary bed called a glomerulus; leads into the a long, coiled tubule divided into functionally distinct units (proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule, and collecting duct)

Front 7

What structures are located in the outer cortex of the nephron?

Back 7

Bowman's capsule, proximal and distal convoluted tubule, part of the collecting duct

Front 8

What structures are located in the inner medulla of the nephron?

Back 8

loop of Henle, collecting duct

Front 9

Where does the concentrated urine from the collecting tubules go?

Back 9

into the pelvis of the kidney that opens directly into the ureter. the ureters from each kidney empty into the urinary bladder.

Front 10

Filtration is a ________ process driven by the hydrostatic pressure of the blood.

Back 10

passive

Front 11

How do substances separate in Bowman's capsule?

Back 11

Fluid and small solutes are able to filter through the glomerulus whereas large particles such as blood cells and albumin remain in the circulatory system

Front 12

The nephron secretes what kinds of substances into the filtrate from the interstitial fluid?

Back 12

acids, bases, and ions like potassium and phosphate; materials are secreted from the peritubular capillaries into the nephron tubule

Front 13

The body fluid pH (7.4) is maintained by:

Back 13

removal of CO2 through lungs or hydrogen ions through the kidneys

Front 14

What essential substances are reabsorbed from the filtrate and returned to the blood?

Back 14

glucose, salts, amino acids, and water

Front 15

Where does the active process of reabsorption (nutrients) primarily occur?

Back 15

the proximal convoluted tubule; mvmt of these mlcs is accompanied by the passive movement of water. the result is the formation of concentrated urine that is hypertonic to the blood

Front 16

The ascending loop of Henle, collecting duct, and descending loop of Henle are primary sites of regulating:

Back 16

water, sodium, and potassium loss in the nephron

Front 17

The distal convoluted tubule is the primary site for:

Back 17

secretion of substances into the filtrate

Front 18

What hormone causes an increased exchange transport of sodium and potassium ions along the distal convoluted tubule?

Back 18

aldosterone

Front 19

ADH is responsible for:

Back 19

creating a more concentrated urine or a more dilute urine. it increases the permeability of the collecting duct to water, allowing more water to be absorbed and more concentrated urine to be formed.

Front 20

Which region of the kidney has the lowest solute concentration? (nephron, cortex, medulla, pelvis, epithelia)

Back 20

Cortex

Front 21

Glucose reabsorption in the nephron occurs in the:

Back 21

proximal tubule