Pcat Review: Digestion

Front 1

What path does food follow in the human digestive system?

Back 1

mouth > pharynx > esophagus > stomach > sm intestine > lg intestine > anus

Front 2

What are some accessory organs of the digestive system?

Back 2

salivary glands, pancreas, liver, gall bladder

Front 3

Saliva contains the enzyme _______ which hydrolyzes starch to maltose.

Back 3

amylase (ptyalin)

Front 4

What do glands in the stomach secrete?

Back 4

mucus (to protect from acidic juices), pepsin (protein hydrolyzing enzyme), HCl (kills bacteria, dissolves food, activates certain proteins)

Front 5

What do the chief cells of the stomach synthesize/secrete?

Back 5

synthesize pepsinogen which is converted to pepsin, a protein hydrolyzing enzyme.

Front 6

What do the parietal cells of the stomach synthesize/secrete?

Back 6

synthesize and release HCl and intrinsic factor

Front 7

The churning of the stomach produces an acidic, semifluid mixture of partially digested food called _______, which passes into the first segment of the small intestine (the _______), through the __________.

Back 7

chyme; duodenum; pyloric sphincter

Front 8

What are the 3 parts of the small intestine?

Back 8

duodenum, jejunum, and ileum

Front 9

How is the small intestine adapted to absorption?

Back 9

extremely long & highly coiled for maximized surface area; contain numerous villi that extend out of the intestinal wall that contain capillaries and lacteals

Front 10

Where does most digestion in the small intestine occur?

Back 10

duodenum; where the secretions of the intestinal glands, pancreas, liver, and gall bladder mix together with the acidic chyme entering from the stomach

Front 11

What is the digestion enzyme gastrin's primary function?

Back 11

to stimulate HCl production (by the parietal cells), histamine and pepsinogen secretion (produced by chief cells) as well as increase gastric blood flow. (is produced in the G cells of the duodenum)

Front 12

What is intrinsic factor?

Back 12

a secretion of the parietal cells of the stomach that facilitates the absorption of vitamin B12 across the intestinal lining.

Front 13

What does the liver produce?

Back 13

bile, which is stored in the gall bladder before release into the small intestine

Front 14

What does bile do?

Back 14

emulsifies fats so that a greater surface area is exposed to pancreatic lipase. (in the absence of bile, fats can't be digested)

Front 15

What is the liver's function(s)?

Back 15

produce bile, store glycogen, convert ammonia to urea, protein synthesis, detoxification, cholesterol metabolism

Front 16

What digestive enzymes does the pancreas produce?

Back 16

amylase for carbohydrate digestion, trypsin for protein digestion, and lipase for fat digestion. Also releases chymotrypsin and enterokinase to form trypsin

Front 17

What is the large intestine's function?

Back 17

the absorption of salts and the absorption of any water not already absorbed by the small intestine

Front 18

Where is feces stored before elimination through the anus?

Back 18

the rectum

Front 19

Where are proteins digested?

Back 19

stomach and small intestine; its starts in the stomach with pepsin and continues in the small intestine with aminopeptidases

Front 20

Starch is hydrolyzed into maltose by:

Back 20

salivary and pancreatic amylase

Front 21

The intestinal capillaries transport nutrients from the intestines to the:

Back 21

liver. Intestinal capillaries transport amino acids and monosaccharides to the liver where initial processing of many nutrients begins.