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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Is glugagon secreted in response to high or low glucose concentrations?
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low
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Where is water not permeable in what part of the nephron?
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Ascending loop of Henle
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What is the net production of both ATP and NADH in glycolysis?
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2 each
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Is glucose oxidized or reduced?
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oxidized
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Is glycolysis an aerobic or anaerobic process?
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anaerobic
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Where does the Krebs (citric acid) cycle take place in cellular respiration?
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mitochondrial matrix
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Where does glycolysis take place?
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cytosol
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Where does the formation of coenzyme A take place in cellular respiration?
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mitochondrial matrix
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Where in the cell does ATP synthesis take place in cellular respiration?
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Inner mitochondrial membrane
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Does glucagon raise or lower blood sugar concentrations
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raise
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Where is oxytocin produced?
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hypothalamus
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What does oxytocin do?
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Stimulates uterine contractions and mild production
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For each molecule of glucose, how many times must the Krebs cycle turn for glucose to be completely oxidized?
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twice (1 per pyrivic acid)
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Where is oxytocin secreted from?
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posterior pituitary
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How many acetyl CoA molecules are produced per pyruvic acid?
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one
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What is the final electron receptor in the electron transport system?
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oxygen
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In the electron transport system, how many ATP molecules are produced per FADH2?
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2
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In the electron transport system, how many ATP molecules are produced per NADH?
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3 (2 in glycolysis)
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In what part of the nephron are glucose, amino acids, and vitamins reabsorbed?
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proximal convoluted tubule
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What are the three germ layers of the new embryo?
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Ectoderm, Endoderm, Mesoderm
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What develops from the ectoderm? (2)
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Nervous system, Epidermis
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What develops from the endoderm?
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Lungs and GI mucosa, glands, and organs
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What develops from the mesoderm?
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Muscoskeletal system, circulatory system, excretory system, reproductive system, connective tissues
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What are mated in a 'test cross'?
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unknown & recessive
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What is it called when homologous chromosomes fail to separate during meiosis resulting in 1 or 3 copies of a chromosome?
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Nondisjunction
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What is the order of embryonic development?
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Morula -> Blastulation -> Blastula -> Implantation -> Gastrula -> Gastrulation -> Neurolation
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What hormone(s) promote development of ovarian follicles?
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FSH & LH
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What hormone do follicles secrete?
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Estrogen
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What causes ovulation
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high estrogen levels -> LH surge -> ovulation
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What hormone induces the ruptured follicle to develop into the corpus luteum?
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LH
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What hormone(s) does the corpus luteum secrete?
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estrogen & progesterone
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What part of the brain is responsible for the coordination of motor impulses, especially balance and posture?
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Cerebellum
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What part of the brain is responsible for hunger, thirst, sexdrive, water balance, pain, blood pressure, and temperature regulation?
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Hypothalamus
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What part of the brain is responsible for regulating breathing, heart rate and GI activity?
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Medulla
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What secretes cholecystokinin (CCK)?
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duodenal mucosa
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What does cholecystokinin do?
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stimulates release of bile from gall bladder
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What does secretin do?
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causes pancreas to release enzymes
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What enzymes does the pancrease secrete? (5)
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amylase, trypsin, chymotripsin, carboxypeptidase, lipase
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What secretes lactase?
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intestinal mucosa
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What does lactase do?
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breaks down lactose
(lactase + lactose -> glucose + galactose) |
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Where is ADH produced?
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posterior pituitary
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Does ADH increase or decrease blood pressure?
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increase
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Where and how does ADH affect the nephron?
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increases permeability and thus water reabsorption in distal tubule and collecting duct.
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Which are purines and which are pyramidines?
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Purines -> A/G
Pyrimidines -> T/U/C |
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What secretes calcitonin?
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thyroid gland
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