Pcat Bio

Front 1

sum of all chemical reactions that occur in the body, divided into catabolic reactions and anabolic reactions

Back 1

Metabolism

Front 2

break down large chemicals and release energy

Back 2

catabolic reactions

Front 3

build up large chemicals and require energy

Back 3

anabolic reactions

Front 4

acquisition of food and other raw materials

Back 4

ingestion

Front 5

process of converting food into a usable soluble form so that it can pass through membranes in the digestive tract and enter the body

Back 5

digestion

Front 6

passage of nutrient molecules by diffusion or active transport through the lining of the digestive tract into the body proper

Back 6

absorption

Front 7

circulation of essential compounds required to nourish the tissues and removal of waste products from the tissues

Back 7

transport

Front 8

building up of new tissues from digested food materials

Back 8

assimilation

Front 9

consumption of oxygen by the body to convert glucose into ATP

Back 9

respiration

Front 10

removal of waste products produced during metabolic processes

Back 10

excretion

Front 11

creationof complex molecules from simple ones

Back 11

synthesis

Front 12

control of physiological activities

Back 12

regulation

Front 13

body's metabolism functions to maintain its internal environment in a changing external environment

Back 13

homeostasis

Front 14

ability to respond to a stimulus

Back 14

irritability

Front 15

increase in size caused by a synthesis of new materials

Back 15

growth

Front 16

process by which plants convert carbon dioxide and water into carbs

Back 16

photosynthesis

Front 17

generation of additional individuals of a species

Back 17

reproduction

Front 18

all living things are composed primarily of these 6 elements

Back 18

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus

Front 19

unit of an element

Back 19

atom

Front 20

unit of a compound

Back 20

molecule

Front 21

atoms are joined by these to form compounds

Back 21

chemical bonds

Front 22

compounds that don't contain carbon

Back 22

inorganic compounds

Front 23

made by living systems and contain carbon

Back 23

organic compounds

Front 24

composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio

Back 24

carbs

Front 25

used as storage forms of energy

Back 25

carbs

Front 26

structural molecules

Back 26

carbs

Front 27

single sugar subunits

Back 27

monosaccharide

Front 28

composed of two monosaccharide subunits

Back 28

disaccharides

Front 29

disaccharides are joined by this

Back 29

dehydration synthesis

Front 30

involves loss of a water molecule

Back 30

dehydration synthesis

Front 31

substance of life

Back 31

protoplasm

Front 32

chains of repeating monosaccharide subunits

Back 32

polymers or polysaccharides

Front 33

polysaccharide that serves a structural role in plants and is insoluble in water

Back 33

cellulose

Front 34

process of adding water to large polymers to break them down into smaller subunits

Back 34

hydrolysis

Front 35

composed of C, H and O in a greater ratio than 1:2:1

Back 35

lipids

Front 36

consists of 3 fatty acid molecules bonded to a single glycerol backbone

Back 36

lipid

Front 37

have long carbon chains that give them their hydrophobic character and carboxylic acid groups make them acidic

Back 37

fatty acids

Front 38

chief means of food storage in animals

Back 38

lipids

Front 39

release more energy per gram weight than any other class of biological compounds

Back 39

lipids

Front 40

provide insulation

Back 40

lipids

Front 41

provide protection against injury

Back 41

lipid

Front 42

major component of fatty tissue

Back 42

lipid

Front 43

another name for fatty tissue

Back 43

adipose tissue

Front 44

5 lipid derivatives

Back 44

phospholipids, wax, steriod, carotenoids, porphyrins

Front 45

contain glycerol, two fatty acids, a phosphate group, and nitrogen containing alcohol

Back 45

phospholipids

Front 46

esters of fatty acids and monohydroxylic alcohols

Back 46

wax

Front 47

found as protective coatings

Back 47

wax

Front 48

have 3 fused cyclohexane rings and 1 fused cyclopentane ring

Back 48

steriods

Front 49

include cholesterol, sex hormones, and corticosteriods

Back 49

steriods

Front 50

fatty acid-like carbon chains containing conjugated double bonds and carrying 6-membered carbon rings at each end

Back 50

carotenoids

Front 51

have two subgroups of cartenes adn xanthophylls

Back 51

carontenoids

Front 52

contain 4 joined pyrrole rings

Back 52

porphyrins

Front 53

often complexed w/ a metal

Back 53

porphyrins

Front 54

composed primarily of C, H, O, and N but may also contain P and S

Back 54

proteins

Front 55

proteins are polymers of these

Back 55

amino acids

Front 56

amino acids are joined by these through dehydration reactions

Back 56

peptide bonds

Front 57

chains of peptide bonds produce this polymer

Back 57

polypeptide

Front 58

another term for protein

Back 58

polypeptide

Front 59

9 protein structures

Back 59

simple, albumins & globulins, scleroproteins, conjugated, lipoproteins, mucoproteins, chromoproteins, matalloproteins, nucleoproteins

Front 60

composed entirely of amino acids

Back 60

simple proteins

Front 61

functional proteins that act as carriers or enzymes

Back 61

albumins and globulins

Front 62

fibrous in nature and act as structural proteins

Back 62

scleroprotein

Front 63

contain a simple protein portion plus at least 1 nonprotein fraction

Back 63

conjugated protein

Front 64

protein bound to a lipid

Back 64

lipoprotein

Front 65

protein bound to a carb

Back 65

mucoprotein

Front 66

protein bound to pigmented molecules

Back 66

chromoprotein

Front 67

protein complexed around a metal ion

Back 67

metalloprotein

Front 68

protein containing histone or protamine bound to nucleic acids

Back 68

nucleoproteins

Front 69

5 functions of proteins

Back 69

hormones, enzymes, structural protein, transport protein, antibodies

Front 70

proteins that function as chemical messengers secreted into the circulation

Back 70

hormones

Front 71

biological catalysts that act by increasing the rate of cheical reactions important for biological functions

Back 71

enzymes

Front 72

contribute to the physical support of a cell or tissue, may be extracellular or intracellular

Back 72

structural proteins

Front 73

carriers of important materials

Back 73

transport proteins

Front 74

bind to foreign particles that have entered the body

Back 74

antibodies

Front 75

the molecule upon which an enzyme acts

Back 75

substrate

Front 76

area on each enzyme to which the substrate binds

Back 76

active site

Front 77

nonprotein molecule that many enzymes require the incorporation of to become active

Back 77

cofactors

Front 78

polymers of subunits called nucleotides

Back 78

nucleic acids

Front 79

code all of the info. required by an organism to produce proteins and replicate

Back 79

nucleic acids

Front 80

controls the amt. of light passing through the specimen

Back 80

diaphragm

Front 81

used to observe nonliving species

Back 81

light microscopy

Front 82

controls activities of the cell

Back 82

nucleus

Front 83

surrounded by a nuclear membrane

Back 83

nucleus

Front 84

dense structure in the nucleus

Back 84

nucleolus

Front 85

where ribosomal RNA synthesis occurs

Back 85

nucleolus