Pca Week 1

Front 1

Oculomotor does what

Back 1

Pupillary sphincter (parasump), levator palpebrae, sup / med, inf rectus, inf oblique (elevation and abduction)

Front 2

Trochlear does what

Back 2

Superior oblique (abducts and depresses)

Front 3

Abducens does what

Back 3

motor to lateral rectus

Front 4

Trigeminal Opthalmic

Back 4

Sensory to dorehead, conjunctiva, upper eyelid

Front 5

Trigeminal maxillary

Back 5

sensory to lower eyelid, cheek, upper teeth, hard palate

Front 6

Trigeminal mandibular

Back 6

Sensory to skin over jaw and temple, ant 2/3 tongue, motor to muscles of mastication

Front 7

Facial nerve

Back 7

facial expression, taste to anterior 2/3, secretomotor

Front 8

Facial goes through

Back 8

internal acoustic meatus

Front 9

Vestibulocochlear

Back 9

Internal acoustic meatus

Front 10

Glossopharyngeal

Back 10

Sensory to orthopharynx, secretomotor to parotid

Front 11

Vagus

Back 11

Motor to palate, pharynx, larynx, sensory to larynx and resp, fore- and midgut GI tract below airway; parasympathetic to foregut and midgut thoracic and most abdominal viscera; somatic sensory to external acoustic meatus

Front 12

Accessory

Back 12

Sternomastoid and trapezius

Front 13

Hypoglossal

Back 13

Tongue

Front 14

Four air sinuses

Back 14

Front 15

Distribution of cranial nerves through skull, names of foraminae

Back 15

1 / 2 / 3, 4, 5a, 6 / b / c / 7, 8 / 9, 10, 11 / 12

Crib / Optic canal / SOF / Rotundum / Ovale / IAM / Jug foramen / Hypoglossal canal

COSplayers ROw In Joggers and Heels

Front 16

Back 16

Front 17

From outside of skull to inside:

Back 17

Skull, Periostrum, bone, dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater

Front 18

Foramen spinosum

Back 18

Middle meningeal artery

Front 19

Jugular foramen

Back 19

4, 5a, 6 and internal jugular vein

Front 20

foramen magnum

Back 20

spinal cord, vertebral artery

Front 21

carotid canal

Back 21

carotid artery and symp plexus

Front 22

sup and inf orbital fissures

Back 22

opthalmic veins as well as 3/4/5a/6

Front 23

IAM

Back 23

7, 8, laberynthine artery

Front 24

Basics of the circle of willis

Back 24

Front 25

Lacrinal gland innervated by

Back 25

parasymp facial nerve

Front 26

Blink reflex

Back 26

Opthalmic nerve

Front 27

Blink, afferent and efferent, muscle

Back 27

afferent - opthalmic. Efferent - facial to orbicularis oculi

Front 28

What is cornea, what is schlera?

Back 28

Cornea is covering of eye at iris, schlera is covering everywhere else

Front 29

Directions of gaze

Back 29

Front 30

Where do opthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular divisions of V. C2-C4 supplies where?

Back 30

Front 31

Forehead block

Back 31

infiltration above the line of the eyebrows, from the midline, to just lateral to the mid-pupillary line.

Front 32

Infraorbital nerve block

Back 32

The approach is a line that runs between the first and second premolars at apex of the superior vestibule of the mouth.

Front 33

Mental nerve block

Back 33

It supplies the skin of the lower lip and gum through the mental canal. This can be palpated in the mid-pupillary line,

Front 34

Orbicularis oris

Back 34

Surrounds the mouth, continuous with buccinator. Sphincter

Front 35

Buccinator

Back 35

Muscle of the cheek

Front 36

Orbicularis oculi

Back 36

Surrounds the eye

Front 37

Bell's palsy

Back 37

Damage to facial nerve in middle ear

Front 38

Muscles of mastication supplied by

Back 38

Mandibular branch of trigeminal

Front 39

Masseter, temporalis, medial and lateral pterygoids

Back 39

Front 40

Taste innervated by

Back 40

VII and IX

Front 41

Lateral deviation and wasting of tongue after lesion of?

Back 41

XII

Front 42

Muscles of soft palate controlled by

Back 42

pharyngeal branch of vagus nerve derived from the cranial accessory nerve

Front 43

Function and sensory innervation of soft palate

Back 43

Swallowing, gag reflex. Nerve IX

Front 44

Transverse ligament of atlas

Back 44

Around odontoid peg

Front 45

Ligamentum flava, anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments?

Back 45

Between laminae of vertebrae

Front 46

Hangman's fracture

Back 46

The inferior articular process of C2 is broken allowing the axis to move forward on C3. The spinal cord is damaged at this level and so respiration is paralysed.

Front 47

Scalenus anterior?

Back 47

Front 48

Sternomastoid?

Back 48

Front 49

Termination of spinal cord in adult/newborn?

Back 49

L1-2/L3-4

Front 50

What layers does spinal anaesthesia pierce in what order?

Back 50

Front 51

Spinal nerves exit through?

Back 51

Intervertebral foraminae

Front 52

Cauda equina syndrome

Back 52

LOF of lumbar plexus due to CE damage. Lower motor neuron lesion.

Front 53

Spinal anaesthesia

Back 53

Local anaesthetic into the subarachnoid space, must be below L2 to avoid damage to spinal cord. Circulates in CSF.

Front 54

role of coracoclavicular ligament

Back 54

Prevents dislocation of acromioclavicular joint

Front 55

Latissimus dorsi

Back 55

Large back muscles, dorsal. Insert into anterior side of humerus

Front 56

serratus anterior

Back 56

superior external rotation of scapula, draws internally and forwards. Is along ribs on side of body, draws scapula from its medial part

Front 57

What articulates the humerus to the radius / ulna?
What fossae do they go into?
What's on the posterior side of the elbow?

Back 57

Capitulum / trochlea.
Radial / coronoid fossa
Olecranon fossa into which olecranon goes

Front 58

Supracondular fracture can cause?

Back 58

Damage to median nerve and brachial artery

Front 59

Ligaments of elbow capsule?

Back 59

First articular capsule, anular ligament of radius, radial and ulnar collateral ligaments to stop elbow adduction/abduction

Front 60

Biceps brachii insertion / origins?

Back 60

Radial tuberosity. Long head - supraglenoid tubercle of scapula, short head - coracoid process

Front 61

Supinator is where?

Back 61

Lateral part of proximal radius just after elbow

Front 62

Triceps inserts

Back 62

Olecranon process of ulna

Front 63

Pronator originates / inserts

Back 63

Medial epicondyle of humerus and coronoid process of ulna, inserts lateral radius

Front 64

Dislocation of radius head caused by

Back 64

Pull on pronated hands#

Front 65

Colles' fracture

Back 65

Falling onto outstretched arms, distal radius/ulna becomes dorsal to proximal

Front 66

Contents of cubital fossa

Back 66

Brachial artery, MCV, median nerve

Front 67

Bones of wrist

Back 67

Front 68

Wrist joint is?

Back 68

Synovial

Front 69

Flexor reticulatum?

Back 69

Forms the tunnel of the carpal tunnel

Front 70

What flexes wrist?

Back 70

Flexor carpi radialis / ulnaris.
Ulnaris inserts around hook of hamate.

Front 71

What flexes fingers?

Back 71

Flexor digitorum superficialis and profundus

Front 72

What flexes thumbs?

Back 72

Flexor pollicis longus and brevis

Front 73

Finger flexor sheathes

Back 73

Front 74

Extensors of wrist (4)

Back 74

Extensor digitorum, extensor pollicis longus and brevis, abductor pollicis longus

Front 75

Lumbericals do what?

Back 75

Flex metacarpophalangeal joints

Front 76

Interossei do what?

Back 76

Abduct / adduct fingers

Front 77

Carpal tunnel syndrome

Back 77

Compression of carpal tunnel, compression of median nerve. Numbness and pain

Front 78

Ulnar nerve damage

Back 78

causes clawing, cannot extend 4th and 5th digit

Front 79

Upper limb arteries: subclavian, axillary, brachial, radial, ulnar, supericial and deep palmar arches

Back 79

Front 80

Supracondular fracture can cause damage to the

Back 80

Brachial artery

Front 81

Veins of upper limb - dorsal venous arch of hand, basilic, cephalic, median cubital, axillary and subclavian

Back 81

Front 82

dermatomes of the arm

Back 82

Front 83

Lesion of upper brachial plexus

Back 83

Erb's palsy - main loss will be of shoulder abduction and lateral rotation, and elbow flexion. Waiter's tip. Loss of sensation too

Front 84

Lesion of lower brachial plexus

Back 84

Damage to C8 and T1 would weaken the long flexors and extensors of the fingers, and all the intrinsic muscles of the hand

Front 85

Horner's syndrome

Back 85

Damage to T1 - sympathetic outflow to head. a constricted pupil, a drooping eyelid and hot , dry skin on the cheek or forehead of the affected side

Front 86

Musculocutaneous nerve innervates

Back 86

Elbow flexors

Front 87

Median nerve innervates

Back 87

most forearm flexors, thenar eminence, sensory to hand

Front 88

Ulnar nerve supplies

Back 88

Flexor dig profundus to ring and litle fingers, flexor carpi ulnaris, other snall muscles. Sensory to palm and dorsum

Front 89

Axillary nerve supplies

Back 89

deltoid, regimental badge skin. can be damaged by shoulder dissociation

Front 90

Radial nerve supplies

Back 90

Extensors of elbow, wrist, and fingers, sensory distribution esp dorsum of hand

Front 91

Effect of damage by mid-shaft fracture of humerus

Back 91

wrist drop

Front 92

Ways to test for damage to C6/7/8 and ulnar / radial

Back 92

tip of thumb C6 and median nerve,
tip of middle finger C7;
tip of little finger C8 and ulnar nerve;
dorsum of hand - radial nerve