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22 Cards in this Set
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Scholasticism |
11th - 14th centuries
theological & philosophical learning developed by European Universities in the Middle Ages Sought to:
1. reconcile theology and reason 2. arrange the doctrines of the Church in an orderly system. Scholastic form followed a dialectic method: first asking a question, then stating the opposing answers and then debating. Scholasticism was based on Aristotelian logic and the writings of the early Christian Fathers and had a strong emphasis on tradition and dogma.
Thomas Aquinas, Peter Abelard, Anselm of Canterbury, Peter Lombard, Duns Scotus |
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Babylonian Captivity |
14th century when popes lived in Avignon France.
term used by Luther to describe Catholic church's captivity to papacy & need for gospel liberation |
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Humanism |
14th - 16th century European intellectual movement
man the measure of all things (high value placed on humans as created and redeemed by God)
education based on Greek & Latin classics interpreted within a xian context Desiderius Erasmus most famous humanist of reformation era
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Radical Reformation |
the "left" or "third wind" 16th century groups who rejected both the Roman Catholic tradition and the ongoing Protestant alternatives to it
sought return to early Christian precedents for nature & government of church
Anabaptists, Mennonites, Amish |
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Puritanism |
16th & 17th Century Protestant Movement to purify Church of England in more reformed directions
Calvinistic theology
Presbyterian & Congregational polity
spread to America / New England
stressed theology leading to ethical action w/ethics grounded in theology |
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Modernism |
19th & early 20th century Protestant & Catholic theological movment
interpret xianity in light of modern knowledge
condemned by Pope Pius X 1907
Schliermacher, Fosdick |
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Fundamentalism |
Term for Evangelicalism in 20th century
Battle against liberalism
inerrancy of scripture diety of X virgin birth substitutionary atonement X physical resurrection & impending return Miracles of X
Warfield, Moule, Orr |
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Neo-Orthodoxy |
1960s
xianity w/o historical grounding
biblical doctrines with modern naturalistic presuppositions
opposition to higher criticism & far left liberal theology
Karl Barth, Emil Brunner |
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Docetism |
Late 1st Century
Human Nature: Denied (only appeared to be)
Divine Nature: Affirmed 1 John 4:1-3: Jesus came fully in the flesh and took upon the sins of the world in His flesh so that they were crucified with Him on the cross. |
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Arianism |
4th Century Human Nature: affirmed (1st created being) Divine Nature: reduced (less than God) Condemned at Nicea, 325 (Athanasius of Alexandria) Col 1:15 image of invisible God Heb 1:3 exact imprint of His nature |
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Modalistic Monarchianism |
aka Sabellianism
One God as (by turns) Father, Son, & Spirit
So that Christ is a temporary mode of God John 3:31ff - interaction between the trinity: loving, sending, speaking etc. |
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Dynamic Monarchianism |
Jesus a man who became God John 1:1 John 3:31ff - interaction between the trinity: loving, sending, speaking etc. |
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Apollinarianism |
4th Century Human Nature: Reduced (partially man) Divine Nature: Affirmed (fully God) Condemned by Constantinople, 381 Christ had a human body and human "living principle" but the Divine Logos takes the place of the nous, or "thinking principle", analogous but not identical to the mind. 1 John 4:1-3: Jesus came fully in the flesh and took upon the sins of the world in His flesh so that they were crucified with Him on the cross.
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Eutychianism |
Human Nature: Reduced (absorbed into deity) Divine Nature: Reduced (not fully divine) the human nature of Christ was essentially obliterated by the Divine,"dissolved like a drop of honey in the sea". Condemned: Chalcedon, 451 & III Constantinople, 680
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Monophysitism |
Jesus is a God with human attributes |
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Monothelitism |
Jesus is God and man
w/o human will |
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Gnosticism |
universe exists in a dualistic tension of good (spiritual) and evil (material)
world not created by the good God, rather the result of the fall, the work of a hostile diety (the OT God).
Jesus / secret knowledge the way of deliverance from material to spiritual
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Monasticism |
xians ought to live separately from the world in a regenerated community to sanctify themselves
idea formulated by Benedict and his aesetic rule |
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Montanism |
Late 2nd century last period of revelation began with coming of HS at Pentecost
living in age of prophecy and spiritual gifts
end of time is imminent
strict asceticism & exalted martyrdom |
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Ebionism |
2nd Century Affirmed Human Nature Denied Divine Nature "Jewish Xian" moment that regarded Jesus as the Messiah while rejecting his divinity and insisting on the necessity of following Jewish law & rites
Irenaeus :Mary was overshadowed by the Holy Spirit, “and so what was born [of her] is holy and the Son of God Most High.” |
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Nestorianism |
5th Century Human Nature: Affirmed Divine Nature: Affirmed Christ was two person Condemned Ephesus, 431 |
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Orthodox View of Christ's persons and natures |
one person two natures Human Nature: Affirmed (fully man) Divine Nature: Affirmed (fully God) Defined by Chalcedon, 451 |
