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122 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Bethanichol (Urecholine) |
1. muscarinic receptor agonist |
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Pilocarpine (Isopto Carpine)
1. classification 2. therapeutic use 3. mechanism of action 4. side effects 5. toxicity 6. antedote 7. contraindications 8. drug interactions |
1. muscarinic receptor agonist
2. glaucoma (smooth muscles of ciliary body->outflow of aqueous humor, sphincter of iris->open canal of schlemm) 3. cholinergic agonist 4. blurred distant vision (thickens lens) 5. 6. 7. 8. |
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Ach
1. classification 2. therapeutic use 3. mechanism of action 4. side effects 5. toxicity 6. antedote 7. contraindications 8. drug interactions |
1. nicotinic receptor agonist, endogenous neurotransmitter
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. |
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Nicotine
1. classification 2. therapeutic use 3. mechanism of action 4. side effects 5. toxicity 6. antedote 7. contraindications 8. drug interactions |
1. nicotinic receptor agonist
2. assist patients in withdrawing from tobacco products. 3. directly stimulates nicotinic receptors (sympa- and parasympathomimic) 4. hypertension, tachycardia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea 5. 6. 7. 8. |
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Succinylcholine
1. classification 2. therapeutic use 3. mechanism of action 4. side effects 5. toxicity 6. antedote 7. contraindications 8. drug interactions |
1. nicotinic receptor agonist
2. induce paralysis during surgery 3. depolarizing motor end plate 4. flaccid paralysis 5. 6. 7. 8. |
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Neostigmine
1. classification 2. therapeutic use 3. mechanism of action 4. side effects 5. toxicity 6. antedote 7. contraindications 8. drug interactions |
1. Reversible AchE inhibitor
2. Myasthenia Gravis, curarine overdose 3. increase Ach at synapse 4. excessive cholinergic stimulation 5. 6. 7. 8. |
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Physostigamine
1. classification 2. therapeutic use 3. mechanism of action 4. side effects 5. toxicity 6. antedote 7. contraindications 8. drug interactions |
1. Reversible AchE inhibitor
2. treat atropine overdose in CNS 3. increase Ach at synapse (crosses BBB) 4. excessive cholinergic stimulation 5. 6. 7. 8. |
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Edrophonium
1. classification 2. therapeutic use 3. mechanism of action 4. side effects 5. toxicity 6. antedote 7. contraindications 8. drug interactions |
1. Reversible AchE inhibitor
2. 3. increase Ach at synapse (short acting 2-10 min) 4. excessive cholinergic stimulation 5. 6. 7. 8. |
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Organophosphates
1. classification 2. therapeutic use 3. mechanism of action 4. side effects 5. toxicity 6. antedote 7. contraindications 8. drug interactions |
1. Irreversible AchE inhibitor
2. insecticides, nerve gases in chemical warfare 3. increase Ach at synapse 4. 5. 6. pralidoxime 7. 8. |
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Atropine
1. classification 2. therapeutic use 3. mechanism of action 4. side effects 5. toxicity 6. antedote 7. contraindications 8. drug interactions |
1. muscarinic receptor antagonist
2. CV disorders (cardiac slowing), Respiratory disease (asthma), Urinary and GI (spastic bowel disorder, inflammatory bowel disorder) 3. block muscarinic receptors (salivary, bronchi, sweat glands) 4. inhibition of parasympathetic: dry mouth, dilated pupils, tachycardia, flushed skin, agitation, delirium. 6. 7. 8. |
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Scopolamine
1. classification 2. therapeutic use 3. mechanism of action 4. side effects 5. toxicity 6. antedote 7. contraindications 8. drug interactions |
1. muscarinic receptor antagonist
2. prevent motion sickness |
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Pirenzepine
1. classification 2. therapeutic use 3. mechanism of action 4. side effects 5. toxicity 6. antedote 7. contraindications 8. drug interactions |
1. muscarinic receptor antagonist (selective M1, M4)
2. treat peptic ulcers |
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Ipratropium
1. classification 2. therapeutic use 3. mechanism of action 4. side effects 5. toxicity 6. antedote 7. contraindications 8. drug interactions |
1. muscarinic receptor antagonist
2. treat COPD (quaternary ammonium compound), less effective in asthma. |
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d-Tubocurare (curare) / Pancuronium
1. classification 2. therapeutic use 3. mechanism of action 4. side effects 5. toxicity 6. antedote 7. contraindications 8. drug interactions |
1. Nm receptor antagonist (long lasting)
2. neuromuscular blockade during surgical procedures 3. nondepolarizing (competitive) neuromuscular block 4. hypotension (ganglionic blockade), apnea (paralysis of respiratory muscles). 5. 6. AchE inhibitors (neostigmine) |
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Vecuronium / Rocuronium
1. classification 2. therapeutic use 3. mechanism of action 4. side effects 5. toxicity 6. antedote 7. contraindications 8. drug interactions |
1. Nm receptor antagonist (intermediate-lasting)
2. neuromuscular blockade during surgical procedures 3. nondepolarizing (competitive) neuromuscular block 4. hypotension (ganglionic blockade), apnea (paralysis of respiratory muscles). 5. 6. AchE inhibitors (neostigmine) |
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Mivacurium
1. classification 2. therapeutic use 3. mechanism of action 4. side effects 5. toxicity 6. antedote 7. contraindications 8. drug interactions |
1. Nm receptor antagonist (rapidly degraded)
2. neuromuscular blockade during surgical procedures 3. nondepolarizing (competitive) neuromuscular block 4. hypotension, apnea 5. 6. AchE inhibitor (neostigmine) |
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Triimethophan / Mecamylamine
1. classification 2. therapeutic use 3. mechanism of action 4. side effects 5. toxicity 6. antedote 7. contraindications 8. drug interactions |
1. Nn receptor antagonist (autonomic ganglia, adrenal medulla, CNS)
2. treat hypertension in patients with acute dissecting aortic aneurysms 3. autonomic ganglionic block 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. |
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Norepinephrine
1. classification 2. therapeutic use 3. mechanism of action 4. side effects 5. toxicity 6. antedote 7. contraindications 8. drug interactions |
1. nonselective (α1, α2, β1) adrenergic agonist
2. treat shock 3. increase systolic BP (β1), diastolic BP (α), total peripheral resistance (α1), increase HR but compensated by response to increased BP. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. |
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Epinephrine
1. classification 2. therapeutic use 3. mechanism of action 4. side effects 5. toxicity 6. antedote 7. contraindications 8. drug interactions |
1. nonselective (α, β1, β2) adrenergic agonist
2. treat acute asthma (low dose: β1,2) and anaphylaxis (high dose: α1) 3. β1: increase CO, cardiac contractile force, cardiac O2 consumption. β2: vasodilation, decreased diastolic BP, bronchial dilation, increase glucose, fatty acids in the blood. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. |
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Dopamine
1. classification 2. therapeutic use 3. mechanism of action 4. side effects 5. toxicity 6. antedote 7. contraindications 8. drug interactions |
1. nonselective (α1, β1, D1) adrenergic receptor agonist
2. treat low CO shock accompanied by compromised renal function leading to oliguria. 3. low dose: D1 response: cAMP->vasodilation (renal, mesenteric, coronary vasculature). higher dose: β1 inotropic response. highest dose: α1 response: vasoconstriction. |
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Phenylephrine
1. classification 2. therapeutic use 3. mechanism of action 4. side effects 5. toxicity 6. antedote 7. contraindications 8. drug interactions |
1. α1 adrenergic agonist (long acting because not metabolized by COMT)
2. treat shock. Also a mydriatic and decongestant. 3. constrict vascular smooth muscle, constrict dilator pupilae muscle. |
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Methoxamine
1. classification 2. therapeutic use 3. mechanism of action 4. side effects 5. toxicity 6. antedote 7. contraindications 8. drug interactions |
1. α1 adrenergic agonist
2. limited use in treating shock. 3. constrict vascular smooth muscle. |
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Clonidine
1. classification 2. therapeutic use 3. mechanism of action 4. side effects 5. toxicity 6. antedote 7. contraindications 8. drug interactions |
1. α2 adrenergic agonist
2. treat hypertension, symptoms of drug withdrawal. 3. decreased sympathetic actions 4. bradycardia, dry mouth?, sedation. |
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Methyldopa
1. classification 2. therapeutic use 3. mechanism of action 4. side effects 5. toxicity 6. antedote 7. contraindications 8. drug interactions |
1. α2 adrenergic agonist
2. treat hypertension during pregnancy 3. methylnorepinephrine (catalyzed form) decrease sympathetic actions 4. bradycardia, dry mouth?, sedation. |
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Isoproterenol
1. classification 2. therapeutic use 3. mechanism of action 4. side effects 5. toxicity 6. antedote 7. contraindications 8. drug interactions |
1. nonselective β adrenergic agonist
2. β2: relieve broncho-constriction, lower peripheral vascular resistance, lower diastolic BP. β1: increase systolic BP, increase CO. 3. 4. unwanted cardiac side effects when treating asthma, less hyperglycemia than epi. |
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Dubutamine
1. classification 2. therapeutic use 3. mechanism of action 4. side effects 5. toxicity 6. antedote 7. contraindications 8. drug interactions |
1. β1 adrenergic receptor agonist
2. treat heart failure, cardiogenic shock. 3. stimulate beta receptors better than adrenergic receptors, thus greater contractility than HR. |
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Metoproterenol
1. classification 2. therapeutic use 3. mechanism of action 4. side effects 5. toxicity 6. antedote 7. contraindications 8. drug interactions |
1. β2 adrenergic receptor agonist
2. treat COPD and acute bronchospasm. 3. |
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Albuterol
1. classification 2. therapeutic use 3. mechanism of action 4. side effects 5. toxicity 6. antedote 7. contraindications 8. drug interactions |
Proventil
1. β2 adrenergic receptor agonist 2. treat asthma. 3. bronchodilation by activating adenylate cyclase. 4. tachycardia in high doses due to nonspecific actions on heart adrenoreceptors. |
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Phentolamine
1. classification 2. therapeutic use 3. mechanism of action 4. side effects 5. toxicity 6. antedote 7. contraindications 8. drug interactions |
1. nonselective α adrenergic antagonist (reversible)
2. preoperative management of pheochromacytoma (tumor of adrenal medulla) 3. α1 blockade: decrease BP and peripheral vascular resistance. α2 blockade: more NE leads to tachycardia (β1). Baroreceptor reflex: increase HR and CO to compensate low BP. |
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Phenoxybenzamine
1. classification 2. therapeutic use 3. mechanism of action 4. side effects 5. toxicity 6. antedote 7. contraindications 8. drug interactions |
1. nonselective α adrenergic antagonist (irreversible)
2. preoperative management of pheochromacytoma (tumor of adrenal medulla) and benign prostatic obstruction. 3. α1 blockade: decrease BP and peripheral vascular resistance. α2 blockade: more NE leads to tachycardia (β1). Baroreceptor reflex: increase HR and CO to compensate low BP. |
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Prazosin
1. classification 2. therapeutic use 3. mechanism of action 4. side effects 5. toxicity 6. antedote 7. contraindications 8. drug interactions |
1. α1 adrenergic antagonist
2. treat hypertension and congestive heart failure. 3. smooth muscle relaxation and vasodilation. Decrease in venous return will cause tachycardia. 4. postural hypertension and syncope with 1st dose. |
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Propranolol
1. classification 2. therapeutic use 3. mechanism of action 4. side effects 5. toxicity 6. antedote 7. contraindications 8. drug interactions |
1. nonselective β receptor adrenergic antagonist (short t1/2)
2. treat hypertension, angina, cardiac arrhythmia. 3. 4. broncho-constriction, mask symptoms of hypoglycemia in diabetic patients. |
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Nadolol
1. classification 2. therapeutic use 3. mechanism of action 4. side effects 5. toxicity 6. antedote 7. contraindications 8. drug interactions |
1. nonselective β receptor adrenergic antagonist (long t1/2)
2. treat hypertension, angina, cardiac arrhythmia. 3. 4. broncho-constriction, mask symptoms of hypoglycemia in diabetic patients. |
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Timolol
1. classification 2. therapeutic use 3. mechanism of action 4. side effects 5. toxicity 6. antedote 7. contraindications 8. drug interactions |
1. nonselective β receptor adrenergic antagonist
2. treat glaucoma 3. block aqueous humor production by ciliary epithelial cells. 4. |
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Lebetalol
1. classification 2. therapeutic use 3. mechanism of action 4. side effects 5. toxicity 6. antedote 7. contraindications 8. drug interactions |
1. nonselective α1, β receptor adrenergic antagonist
2. treat hypertension 3. α1 blockade: vasodilation. β1 blockade: prevent reflex tachycardia. |
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Metoprolol / Atenolol
1. classification 2. therapeutic use 3. mechanism of action 4. side effects 5. toxicity 6. antedote 7. contraindications 8. drug interactions |
1. β1 adrenergic receptor antagonist (intermediate t1/2)
2. treat hypertension, angina, cardiac arrhythmia. Metoprolol prolongs life expectancy in patients with congestive heart failure and patients who have survived a 1st MI. 3. lower heart rate, force of contraction. |
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Esmolol
1. classification 2. therapeutic use 3. mechanism of action 4. side effects 5. toxicity 6. antedote 7. contraindications 8. drug interactions |
1. β1 adrenergic receptor antagonist (very short t1/2)
2. treat emergency thyroid storm 3. lower heart rate, force of contraction. |
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α Methyltyrosine
1. classification 2. therapeutic use 3. mechanism of action 4. side effects 5. toxicity 6. antedote 7. contraindications 8. drug interactions |
1. inhibitor of CA synthesis
2. limited use due to inhibition of rate limiting step of all CA formation. |
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Cocaine
1. classification 2. therapeutic use 3. mechanism of action 4. side effects 5. toxicity 6. antedote 7. contraindications 8. drug interactions |
1. inhibitor of CA uptake and storage
2. treat depression 3. inhibit NE transporter NET |
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Imipramine / Amitriptyline
1. classification 2. therapeutic use 3. mechanism of action 4. side effects 5. toxicity 6. antedote 7. contraindications 8. drug interactions |
1. tricyclic antidepressant
2. treat depression 3. inhibit NE transporter NET |
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Reserpine
1. classification 2. therapeutic use 3. mechanism of action 4. side effects 5. toxicity 6. antedote 7. contraindications 8. drug interactions |
1. CA uptake and storage inhibitor
2. hypertension 3. prevent refilling of synaptic vesicles by blocking VMAT 4. psychotic depression |
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Tyramine
1. classification 2. therapeutic use 3. mechanism of action 4. side effects 5. toxicity 6. antedote 7. contraindications 8. drug interactions |
1. indirect acting sympathomimetic
2. 3. displace NE in synaptic vesicles. acute: increased sympathetic stimulation. chronic: decreased sympathetic stimulation (rapid tyramine tachyphylaxis). |
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Guanethidine
1. classification 2. therapeutic use 3. mechanism of action 4. side effects 5. toxicity 6. antedote 7. contraindications 8. drug interactions |
1. indirect acting sympathomimetic
2. 3. displace NE in synaptic vesicles. acute: increased sympathetic stimulation. chronic: decreased sympathetic stimulation (rapid tyramine tachyphylaxis). |
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Amphetamine
1. classification 2. therapeutic use 3. mechanism of action 4. side effects 5. toxicity 6. antedote 7. contraindications 8. drug interactions |
1. mixed-acting sympathomimetic
2. treat depression, narcolepsy, suppress appetite. 3. displace NE in synaptic vesicle, directly stimulate α and β adrenoreceptors, inhibit MAO 4. insomnia |
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Ephedrine
1. classification 2. therapeutic use 3. mechanism of action 4. side effects 5. toxicity 6. antedote 7. contraindications 8. drug interactions |
1. mixed-acting sympathomimetic
2. treat depression, narcolepsy, suppress appetite. 3. displace NE in synaptic vesicle, directly stimulate α and β adrenoreceptors, inhibit MAO 4. insomnia |
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Glucocorticoids
1. classification 2. therapeutic use 3. mechanism of action 4. side effects 5. toxicity 6. antedote 7. contraindications 8. drug interactions |
1. Steroid hormones (general transcriptional inhibitors)
2. anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressant: transplant therapy, GVHD, autoimmune disorders, drug-induced allergic reactions. 3. downregulate pro-inflammatory mediators (cellular immunity) by suppressing PLA2: TNF-α, IL-1,6, PAF, Leukotrienes, Prostaglandins, histamine, bradykinin. cytotoxic to most leukocytes. 4. 5. growth retardation, osteonecrosis and osteoprosis, poor wound healing, infections, cataracts, weight gain, hyperglycemia and diabetes, HTN, acute adrenal insufficiency. 6. taper dosing, use additional immunosuppressants, replace with nonsteroidal immunosuppressants, use calcium, Vit D, hormone replacement. |
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Azathioprine
1. classification 2. therapeutic use 3. mechanism of action 4. side effects 5. toxicity 6. antedote 7. contraindications 8. drug interactions |
1. Antimetabolites (cytotoxic), prodrug of 6-MP by glutathione.
2. following transplantation, IBD, severe rheumatoid arthritis. 3. depleting purines for DNA, RNA synthesis, inhibit the conversion from IMP to GMP and AMP. 4. 5. bone marrow suppression, infections, neoplasia, hepatotoxicity, pancreatitis, GI toxicity, alopecia. 6. 7. 8. allopurinal blocks xanthine oxidase which breaks down AZA. Other myelosuppressive agents, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors produce leucopenia, thrombocytopenia, anemia. |
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Mycophenolate mofetil
1. classification 2. therapeutic use 3. mechanism of action 4. side effects 5. toxicity 6. antedote 7. contraindications 8. drug interactions |
1. Antimetabolites (cytotoxic), prodrug of mycophenolic acid
2. transplantation therapy, steroid refractory of GVHD, lupus nephritis, rheumatoid arthritis, dermatologic disorders. 3. reversible competitive inhibitor of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (de novo) purine synthesis, reduced UMP level. 4. 5. GI toxicity, hematologic, infections(sepsis due to CMV, viral infxns). 6. 7. 8. Tacrolimus (GI toxicity) delays drug elimination. Antacids containing Al or Mg decrease absorption. Enterohepatic circulation: cholestyramine decreases drug reabsorption. Tubular secretion: acyclovir/gancyclovir. |
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Leflunomide
1. classification 2. therapeutic use 3. mechanism of action 4. side effects 5. toxicity 6. antedote 7. contraindications 8. drug interactions |
1. Antimetabolite (T cell immunity)
2. rheumatoid arthritis, Wegener's granulomatosis, SLE, myasthenia gravis, graft survival, GVHD. 3. inhibit de novo pyrimidine synthesis (dihydroorotate dehydrogenase). 4. 5. GI toxicity, reversible alopecia 6. 7. 8. cholestyramine cause quick removal (washout), interrupts enterohepatic circulation. |
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Methotrexate
1. classification 2. therapeutic use 3. mechanism of action 4. side effects 5. toxicity 6. antedote 7. contraindications 8. drug interactions |
1. Antimetabolite, folate analogue
2. cancer, GVHD, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis. 3. reduce folate synthesis by inhibiting DHFR, induces apoptosis in activated CD4 and CD8 T cells, also increases adenosine which is a potent anti-inflammatory agent. 4. 5. GI toxicity, myelosuppression*, thrombocytopenia, infection, pneumonitis, embryo toxicity, hepatic fibrosis*, cirrhosis*. 6. Lethal dose used to treat rapidly growing tumor cells causes greater injury to normal cells, but can be rescued by leukovorin. 7. 8. compete for plasma albumin binding: sulfanamides, salisylates, tetracyclin, chloramphenicol, phenytoin. compete for tubular secretion reduced renal blood flow (NSAIDs). nephrotoxic: cisplatin. weak organic acids: aspirin, pipracillin |
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Cyclophosphamide
1. classification 2. therapeutic use 3. mechanism of action 4. side effects 5. toxicity 6. antedote 7. contraindications 8. drug interactions |
1. Alkylating agent, nitrogen mustard derivative, require P450.
2. cancer, childhood nephritic syndrome, severe SLE, vasculitis. 3. alkylate DNA leads to misfolding and mutation. 4. 5. leukopenia, infections, cadiotoxicity, alopecia, GI toxicity, reproductive toxicity, nephrotoxicity, hemorrhagic cystitis* (acrolein), mutagenicity. 6. mesna 7. avoid taking at night (acrolein), soadminister with mesna. 8. cytochrome P450 enzymes myelosuppressive nephrotoxic |
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Cyclosporin A
1. classification 2. therapeutic use 3. mechanism of action 4. side effects 5. toxicity 6. antedote 7. contraindications 8. drug interactions |
1. Calcineurin inhibitor (T cell immunity).
2. transplant therapy, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, uveitis, Behcet's acute ocular syndrome, IBD, nephrotic syndrome. 3. blunt expression of IL-2 for T cell activation, also increases TGF-β which also inhibits T cell proliferation. 4. 5. nephrotoxicity, renal dysfunction, tremor, hirsitism, HTN, hyperlipidemia (LDL), hyperurecemia (gout), diabetogenic, gum hyperplasia, interstitial fibrosis, infections, neoplasia. 6. 7. 8. P450 enzymes (CYP3A, 4A) Sirolimus: renal dysfunction, hyperlipidemia, myelosuppression. NSAIDS: renal dysfunction. Methotrexate: increased level. Prednisolone: reduced excretion. Digoxin statins: reduced excretion. |
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Tacrolimus
1. classification 2. therapeutic use 3. mechanism of action 4. side effects 5. toxicity 6. antedote 7. contraindications 8. drug interactions |
1. Calcineurin inhibitor (T cell immunity).
2. transplantation therapy, atopic aczema. 3. inhibits T cell activation by inhibiting calcineurin phosphatase activity, prevent nuclear translocation of NFAT. 4. 5. nephrotoxicity, renal dysfunstion, neurotoxicity, GI toxicity, HTN, hyperkalemia, diabetogenic, infections, neoplasia. 6. 7. 8. P450 enzymes (CYP3A, 4A) Cyclosporin A: nephrotoxicity. |
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Sirolimus / Everolimus
1. classification 2. therapeutic use 3. mechanism of action 4. side effects 5. toxicity 6. antedote 7. contraindications 8. drug interactions |
1. mTOR inhibitor
2. transplanation therapy, coronary heart disease, GVHD, autoimmune disease 3. blocks IL-2 receptor signaling, inibition of G1-S phase. 4. 5. high cholesterol and TG, renal dysfunction, lymphocele (complication with renal transplantation), anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, fever, GI toxicity, hypokalemia/hyperkalemia, delayed wound healing, infections, neoplasia. 6. 7. 8. P450 enzyme p-glycoprotein transport aggrevates cyclosporin-induced renal dysfunction, cyclosporin increases sirolomus-induced hyperlipidemia and myelosuppression. |
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Etanercept
1. classification 2. therapeutic use 3. mechanism of action 4. side effects 5. toxicity 6. antedote 7. contraindications 8. drug interactions |
1. TNF-α inhibitor
2. rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis 3. prevent TNF-α from binding to its receptor 4. 5. injection site reaction, serious infection (tuberculosis), demyelinating disease. 6. 7. must screen for tuberculosis 8. |
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Infliximab
1. classification 2. therapeutic use 3. mechanism of action 4. side effects 5. toxicity 6. antedote 7. contraindications 8. drug interactions |
1. TNF-α inhibitor
2. rheumatoid arthritis, unresponsice Crohn's disease. 3. prevent TNF-α from binding to its receptor 4. 5. infusion reaction, serious infections (TB and UTI), antinuclear antibodies, rarely lupus-like reactions. 6. 7. must screen for tuberculosis 8. |
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Adalimumab
1. classification 2. therapeutic use 3. mechanism of action 4. side effects 5. toxicity 6. antedote 7. contraindications 8. drug interactions |
1. TNF-α inhibitor
2. rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, HIV arthropathy, wasting syndromes. 3. prevent TNF-α from binding to its receptor 4. 5. infusion reaction, serious infections (TB and UTI), antinuclear antibodies, rarely lupus-like reactions. 6. 7. must screen for tuberculosis 8. |
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Certolizumab pegol
1. classification 2. therapeutic use 3. mechanism of action 4. side effects 5. toxicity 6. antedote 7. contraindications 8. drug interactions |
1. TNF-α inhibitor
2. moderate to severe Crohn's disease, in trial for rheumatoid arthritis. 3. prevent TNF-α from binding to its receptor 4. 5. headache, abd pain, cough, infections (nasopharyngitis, UTI, influenza, TB), malignancy (lymphoma), demyelinating disease. 6. 7. 8. |
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Thalidomide
1. classification 2. therapeutic use 3. mechanism of action 4. side effects 5. toxicity 6. antedote 7. contraindications 8. drug interactions |
1. TNF-α inhibitor
2. under investigation for severe rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, Crohn's, HIV, cancer. 3. alter TNF-α levels 4. 5. teratogenic |
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TACE inhibitors
1. classification 2. therapeutic use 3. mechanism of action 4. side effects 5. toxicity 6. antedote 7. contraindications 8. drug interactions |
1. TNF-α inhibitor
2. under investigation. 3. inhibit TNF-α converting enzyme (TACE) 4. 5. liver toxicity. |
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Anakinra
1. classification 2. therapeutic use 3. mechanism of action 4. side effects 5. toxicity 6. antedote 7. contraindications 8. drug interactions |
1. IL-1 inhibitor
2. rheumatoid arthritis (pain and swelling, bony reduction, combine with methotrexate). 3. recombinant IL-1 receptor antagonist binds IL-1 and precvents binding to endogenous IL-1 receptor. 4. 5.injection site reactions, headache, GI distress, infections, allergic reactions. 6. 7. 8. |
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Tocilizumab
1. classification 2. therapeutic use 3. mechanism of action 4. side effects 5. toxicity 6. antedote 7. contraindications 8. drug interactions |
1. IL-6 inhibitor
2. rheumatoid arthritis (more effective with methotrexate, may reduce structural damage). 3. humanized monoclonal IgG antibody against IL-6 receptor and prevents activation. 4. 5.increased serum cholesterol, liver dysfunction, leukopenia, no anti-DNA antibodies. |
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ATG / ALG
1. classification 2. therapeutic use 3. mechanism of action 4. side effects 5. toxicity 6. antedote 7. contraindications 8. drug interactions |
1. Polyclonal antibody immunosuppressant
2. transplantation therapy: induction of suppression, initial rejections, steroid-resistant rejection. 3. recognize epitopes on T cells and opsinize for macrophage clearance. 4. 5. injection site reactions, fever, headache, infections, cytokine release syndrome, anaphylactic and serum sickness reactions. |
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IGIV
1. classification 2. therapeutic use 3. mechanism of action 4. side effects 5. toxicity 6. antedote 7. contraindications 8. drug interactions |
1. Polyclonal antibody immunosuppressant
2. autoimmune disorders, asthma. 3. nontargeted antigen 4. 5. acute renal failure, aseptic menigitis syndrome. |
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Rho(D) immune Globulin Micro Dose
1. classification 2. therapeutic use 3. mechanism of action 4. side effects 5. toxicity 6. antedote 7. contraindications 8. drug interactions |
1. Polyclonal antibody immunosuppressant
2. prevent hemolytic disease of the newborn in Ph negative mother. 3. blocks host's primary antibody response. 4. 5. local discomfort, rarely a tempareture elevation. 6. 7. inject to mother within 24-72 hrs. 4. 5. acute renal failure, aseptic menigitis syndrome. |
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OKT3
1. classification 2. therapeutic use 3. mechanism of action 4. side effects 5. toxicity 6. antedote 7. contraindications 8. drug interactions |
1. Monoclonal mouse antibody immunosuppressant
2. Transplantation therapy: acute renal transplant rejection, second line agent when CsA (cyclosporin A) or GC (glucocorticoids) fail. 3. bind to CD3 depletes T cells by complement activation and immune clearance. 4. 5. cytokine release syndrome, infection, neoplasia, rapid clearance by host of mouse antibody decreasing efficacy. |
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Daclizumab and Basiliximab
1. classification 2. therapeutic use 3. mechanism of action 4. side effects 5. toxicity 6. antedote 7. contraindications 8. drug interactions |
1. Monoclonal antibody immunosuppressant, humanized(chimeric)
2. Transplantation therapy: acute renal transplantation rejection, induction therapy. 3. bind CD25 on activated T cells, function as IL-2 antagonist. 4. 5. hypersensitivity, anaphylaxis, infection, neoplasia. |
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Rituximab
1. classification 2. therapeutic use 3. mechanism of action 4. side effects 5. toxicity 6. antedote 7. contraindications 8. drug interactions |
1. Monoclonal antibody immunosuppressant (partially humanized chimeric IgG)
2. non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, rheumatoid arthritis (prolonged response, combine with methotrexate). 3. against CD20 on mature B cells, complement-based lysis, ADCC, apoptosis. 4. 5. infusion reaction, no disruption of B cell lineage or normal plasma cells. |
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Alemtuzumab
1. classification 2. therapeutic use 3. mechanism of action 4. side effects 5. toxicity 6. antedote 7. contraindications 8. drug interactions |
1. Monoclonal humanized antibody immunosuppressant.
2. B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia 3. against CD52 on B cell, T cell, NK cells, monocyte, macrophages using ADCC pathway. 4. 5. lymphopenia, neutropenia, anemia, thrombocytopenia, infections. |
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Alefacept
1. classification 2. therapeutic use 3. mechanism of action 4. side effects 5. toxicity 6. antedote 7. contraindications 8. drug interactions |
1. Costimulator inhibitor.
2. plaque psoriasis 3. against CD2-binding portion of LFA-3(CD58) on APC, thus prevent T cell activation. Also inhibit CTLs, NK cells, LAK(lymphokine activated killer) cells killing. 4. 5. dose-dependent reduction of overall circulating T cells (withdrawal). |
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Abatacept
1. classification 2. therapeutic use 3. mechanism of action 4. side effects 5. toxicity 6. antedote 7. contraindications 8. drug interactions |
1. Costimulator inhibitor.
2. transplantation therapy, rheumatoid arthritis. 3. competitively inhibits CD28 by binding to CD80(B7-1) and CD82(B7-2) on APC: T cells become anergic. 4. 5. infusion reactions, infections, neoplasia. |
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Belatacept
1. classification 2. therapeutic use 3. mechanism of action 4. side effects 5. toxicity 6. antedote 7. contraindications 8. drug interactions |
1. Costimulator inhibitor.
2. clinical trials: acute renal transplant rejection. 3. analogue of Abataxept (competitively inhibits CD28 by binding to CD80(B7-1) and CD82(B7-2) on APC: T cells become anergic). 4. 5. not fully characterized. |
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Belimumab
1. classification 2. therapeutic use 3. mechanism of action 4. side effects 5. toxicity 6. antedote 7. contraindications 8. drug interactions |
1. Costimulator inhibitor (human monoclonal antibody).
2. clinical trials: SLE, rheumatoid arthritis. 3. binds B cell stimulator (BLys/BAFF), prevent receptors on B cell surface. 4. 5. not fully characterized. |
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Anti-CD40L antibody
1. classification 2. therapeutic use 3. mechanism of action 4. side effects 5. toxicity 6. antedote 7. contraindications 8. drug interactions |
1. Costimulation inhibitor (humanized IgG)
2. In animal models: produce tolerance and long term survival, SLE. In clinical trial: lupus nephritis. 3. binds CD40L on APC thus inhibit B cell activation, isotype switching, and affinityh maturation, inhibit B7 expression on macrophages. 4. 5. thromboembolic events. |
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Efalizumab
1. classification 2. therapeutic use 3. mechanism of action 4. side effects 5. toxicity 6. antedote 7. contraindications 8. drug interactions |
1. Inhibitor of lymphocyte trafficking(humanized IgG)
2. psoriasis, under investigation for IBD, multiple sclerosis and organ transplantation. 3. binds LFA-1, thus inhibiting LFA-1 and ICAM interaction on thymocytes, T and B cell, granulocyte, monocytes, macrophages, inhibit cell migration. 4. 5. infections. |
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Natalizumad
1. classification 2. therapeutic use 3. mechanism of action 4. side effects 5. toxicity 6. antedote 7. contraindications 8. drug interactions |
1. Inhibitor of lymphocyte trafficking(humanized monoclonal antibody)
2. relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. 3. binds α4-integrins. inhibit interaction of VLA4:VCAM1, LPAM:MAdCAM1 on endothelial cells. 4. 5. progressive multifactorial leukoencephalopathy. (withdrawn from market) |
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FTY720
1. classification 2. therapeutic use 3. mechanism of action 4. side effects 5. toxicity 6. antedote 7. contraindications 8. drug interactions |
1. Inhibitor of lymphocyte trafficking(agonist for sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor S1p-R)
2. acute rejection (combination therapy). 3. binds S1p-R on T cells and B cells. Sequesters host lymphocytes into lymph nodes and Peyers patches. 4. 5. lymphopenia, negative chronotropic effect due to atrial myocyte expression of S1p-R. |
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Diphenhydramine
1. classification 2. therapeutic use 3. mechanism of action 4. side effects 5. toxicity 6. antedote 7. contraindications 8. drug interactions |
Bebadryl
1. H-1 antagonist of the ethanolamine class. 2. suppress formation of edema, flare, prutitis. 3. antimuscarinic activity, competes with histamine at H1 receptor site in GI tract, uterus, large blood vessels, and bronchial muscle. 4. 5. |
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Loratadine
1. classification 2. therapeutic use 3. mechanism of action 4. side effects 5. toxicity 6. antedote 7. contraindications 8. drug interactions |
Claritin
1. H1-receptor antagonist (class C), metabolite of terfenadine (breakdown inhibited by grapefruit). 2. allergies 3. competitive antagonize H1-receptor 4. 5. potential individual sedation (at higher doses becomes irreversible) 6. 7. Cautious using with tricyclic antidepressant, MAO inhibitors. 8. tricyclic antidepressants, MAO inhibitors. |
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Fexofenadine
1. classification 2. therapeutic use 3. mechanism of action 4. side effects 5. toxicity 6. antedote 7. contraindications 8. drug interactions |
Allegra
1. H1-receptor antagonist (class C), metabolite of terfenadine (breakdown inhibited by grapefruit). 2. allergies 3. competitive antagonize H1-receptor 4. 5. potential individual sedation (at higher doses becomes irreversible) 6. 7. Cautious using with tricyclic antidepressant, MAO inhibitors. 8. tricyclic antidepressants, MAO inhibitors. |
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Fluticasone Propionate
1. classification 2. therapeutic use 3. mechanism of action 4. side effects 5. toxicity 6. antedote 7. contraindications 8. drug interactions |
Flonase
1. Synthetic Corticosteroid (medium potency) 2. Intranasally: allergic and nonallergic rhinitis. Oral: Asthma. 3. inhibit PLA2 thus anti-inflammatory, antipruritic, vasoconstrictive properties. 4. 5. |
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Cromolyn sodium
1. classification 2. therapeutic use 3. mechanism of action 4. side effects 5. toxicity 6. antedote 7. contraindications 8. drug interactions |
NasalCrom
1. Corticosteroid (aerosol, eye drops), not soluble in water. 2. Allergy 3. stabilize mast cell membrane and stop releasing vasoactive factors by inhibiting Ca2+ influx thus no degranulation. 4. 5. 6. 7. excellent when used prophylactically with long-term side effects. |
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Salmeterol
1. classification 2. therapeutic use 3. mechanism of action 4. side effects 5. toxicity 6. antedote 7. contraindications 8. drug interactions |
Serevent, Advair.
1. β2 agonist (inhaled). 2. asthma 3. Inhibit late phase bronchoconstriction by activating adenylate cylcase. 4. 5. 6. 7. never use it for acute attacks. Good for long term use. 8. |
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Theophylline
1. classification 2. therapeutic use 3. mechanism of action 4. side effects 5. toxicity 6. antedote 7. contraindications 8. drug interactions |
1. oral xathine derivative
2. asthma 3. inhibit phosphodiesterase that breaks down cAMP in all cells, thus increase cAMP level and cause bronchodilation. 4. 5. |
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Beclamethasone
1. classification 2. therapeutic use 3. mechanism of action 4. side effects 5. toxicity 6. antedote 7. contraindications 8. drug interactions |
Beclovent, Vancenase
1. inhaled glucocorticoids 2. 3. similar to flonase (bind to cytoplasmic receptors and affect transcription) 4. hoarseness, thrush 5. 6. Nystatin, amphotericin |
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Prednisone
1. classification 2. therapeutic use 3. mechanism of action 4. side effects 5. toxicity 6. antedote 7. contraindications 8. drug interactions |
1. oral corticosteroid
2. asthma 3. inhibit PLA2 4. adrenal suppression, peptic ulcer(reduced immunity against H. pylori), redistribute fat("moon face") 5. 6. 7. |
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Zafirlukast/Montelukast
1. classification 2. therapeutic use 3. mechanism of action 4. side effects 5. toxicity 6. antedote 7. contraindications 8. drug interactions |
Accolate/Singulair
1. oral corticosteroid 2. asthma 3. blocks leukotirene D4, E4, thus inhibit bronchospasm caused by sulfur dioxide and cold air, attenuate easly and late phase reaction in inhalation of grass, cat dander, ragweed..., may also help aspirin induced asthma. 4. adrenal suppression, peptic ulcer(reduced immunity against H. pylori), redistribute fat("moon face") 5. 6. 7. |
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Diproline
1. classification 2. therapeutic use 3. mechanism of action 4. side effects 5. toxicity 6. antedote 7. contraindications 8. drug interactions |
1.
2. anaphylaxis |
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Sulfonamide
1. classification 2. therapeutic use 3. mechanism of action 4. side effects 5. toxicity 6. antedote 7. contraindications 8. drug interactions |
1. Folate inhibitor
2. 3. inhibit dihydropteroate synthase, results in decreased THF which act as a cofactor to convert PRPP to IMP and dUMP to dTMP. 4. 5. toxic to normal stem cells. |
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Trimethoprim
1. classification 2. therapeutic use 3. mechanism of action 4. side effects 5. toxicity 6. antedote 7. contraindications 8. drug interactions |
1. Folate inhibitor
2. 3. inhibit dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), cause reduced folate cofactor for DNA synthesis, leading to cell apoptosis. 4. 5. toxic to normal stem cells. |
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Pyrimethamine
1. classification 2. therapeutic use 3. mechanism of action 4. side effects 5. toxicity 6. antedote 7. contraindications 8. drug interactions |
1. Folate inhibitor
2. 3. inhibit dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), cause reduced folate cofactor for DNA synthesis, leading to cell apoptosis. 4. 5. Toxic to normal stem cells. |
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5-Flurouricil
1. classification 2. therapeutic use 3. mechanism of action 4. side effects 5. toxicity 6. antedote 7. contraindications 8. drug interactions |
1. Folate inhibitor
2. Treat breast, colon, and skin cancer. 3. 5-Fdump irreversibly inhibit thymidylate synthase that convert dUMP to dTMP. FUTP can be incorporated as false RNA precursor. 4. 5. toxic to normal stem cells |
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Flucytosin
1. classification 2. therapeutic use 3. mechanism of action 4. side effects 5. toxicity 6. antedote 7. contraindications 8. drug interactions |
1. Folate inhibitor
2. 3. inhibit thymidylate synthase that convert dUMP to dTMP 4. 5. toxic to normal stem cells |
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6-Mercaptopurine
1. classification 2. therapeutic use 3. mechanism of action 4. side effects 5. toxicity 6. antedote 7. contraindications 8. drug interactions |
1. Purine analogue
2. 3. converted to T-IMP by HGPRT. T-IMP inhibit conversion of IMP to AMP and GMP, also inhibit the first step in purine synthesis. 4. 5. 6. 7. adjust dosage when using allopurinol for gout treatment (xanthine oxidase inhibited) |
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Thioguanine
1. classification 2. therapeutic use 3. mechanism of action 4. side effects 5. toxicity 6. antedote 7. contraindications 8. drug interactions |
1. Guanine analogue
2. acute myelocytic leukemia 3. converted to nucleotide by HGPRT, and incorporated into DNA, interferes with DNA synthesis and RNA transcription. 4. 5. |
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Pentostatin
1. classification 2. therapeutic use 3. mechanism of action 4. side effects 5. toxicity 6. antedote 7. contraindications 8. drug interactions |
1. Adenosine analogue
2. 3. Inhibit ADA, lead to increase in adenosine which is lethal to lymphocytes. 4. 5. |
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Cladaribine
1. classification 2. therapeutic use 3. mechanism of action 4. side effects 5. toxicity 6. antedote 7. contraindications 8. drug interactions |
1. Chlorinated Adenosine analogue
2. hairy cell leukemia 3. when incorporated into DNA strand, cause breaks and non-DNA related toxicity. |
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Fludarabine
1. classification 2. therapeutic use 3. mechanism of action 4. side effects 5. toxicity 6. antedote 7. contraindications 8. drug interactions |
1. Fluorinated adenosine analogue
2. lympho-proliferative disorders 3. incorporated into RNA and DNA, chain termination and interfere with RNA synthesis. Also inhibits DNA polymerase and ribonucleotide reductase. 4. 5. |
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Azacytidine
1. classification 2. therapeutic use 3. mechanism of action 4. side effects 5. toxicity 6. antedote 7. contraindications 8. drug interactions |
1. Cytidine analogue
2. leukemia, lymphoma 3. incorporated in DNA and RNA, interfere with methylation of cytosine bases. |
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Cytarabine (ara-C)
1. classification 2. therapeutic use 3. mechanism of action 4. side effects 5. toxicity 6. antedote 7. contraindications 8. drug interactions |
1. Cytidine analogue
2. Acute myelogenous leukemia 3. ara-CTP interferes with strand elongation, cause chain termination. Also inhibits DNA polymerase. 4. 5. extremely myelotoxic, limited use in acute myelogenous leukemia. |
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Camptothecins
1. classification 2. therapeutic use 3. mechanism of action 4. side effects 5. toxicity 6. antedote 7. contraindications 8. drug interactions |
1. topoisomerase I inhibitor
2. drug resistant metastatic ovarian cancer and small cell lung cancer. 3. inhibits the joining of broken strand of DNA after strand passage. 4. 5. GI toxicity, lethal diarrhea*, severely toxic |
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Quinolones
1. classification 2. therapeutic use 3. mechanism of action 4. side effects 5. toxicity 6. antedote 7. contraindications 8. drug interactions |
1. topoisomerase II inhibitor
2. 3. inhibits the passage of T segment and the religation of nicked G segment. |
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Anthracyclins
1. classification 2. therapeutic use 3. mechanism of action 4. side effects 5. toxicity 6. antedote 7. contraindications 8. drug interactions |
1. topoisomerase II inhibitor
2. 3. inhibits the passage of T segment and the religation of nicked G segment. |
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Epipodophyllotoxins
1. classification 2. therapeutic use 3. mechanism of action 4. side effects 5. toxicity 6. antedote 7. contraindications 8. drug interactions |
1. topoisomerase II inhibitor
2. Testicular cancer when used synergistically with cisplatin, bleomycin and etoposide. 3. inhibits the passage of T segment and the religation of nicked G segment. |
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Amsacrine
1. classification 2. therapeutic use 3. mechanism of action 4. side effects 5. toxicity 6. antedote 7. contraindications 8. drug interactions |
1. topoisomerase II inhibitor
2. 3. inhibits the passage of T segment and the religation of nicked G segment. 4. 5. toxic 6. 7. use restricted |
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BCNU (carmustine)
1. classification 2. therapeutic use 3. mechanism of action 4. side effects 5. toxicity 6. antedote 7. contraindications 8. drug interactions |
1. alkylating agent
2. 3. bis-alkylate at N7(majority) at two sites on different DNA strands, thus crosslinks DNA. May also cleace guanine ring, leads to depurination, misreading, failure of strands to separate, chromosome bridges, chromosome breaks(clastogenesis). |
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Mechlorethamine
1. classification 2. therapeutic use 3. mechanism of action 4. side effects 5. toxicity 6. antedote 7. contraindications 8. drug interactions |
1. alkylating agent
2. 3. cause guanine alkylation: 1) crosslinks DNA, 2) cleaves guanine ring, 3) mis-pair with T, 4) excised alkylated guanine result in depurinated DNA strand. |
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Cisplatin
1. classification 2. therapeutic use 3. mechanism of action 4. side effects 5. toxicity 6. antedote 7. contraindications 8. drug interaction |
1. platinum complexes, alkylating agent
2. Testicular cancer 3. more intra-strand crosslink than inter-strand crosslink DNA. 4. 5. nephrotoxicity(heavy metal). 6. diuretics 7. coadminister with diuretics or dilute drug in nephron. Amifostine can make the drug more tolerable without diminishing drug's activity. 8. |
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Bleomycin
1. classification 2. therapeutic use 3. mechanism of action 4. side effects 5. toxicity 6. antedote 7. contraindications 8. drug interaction |
1. antibiotic from streptomycin
2. 3. expose DNA to Fe(II), generates oxygen active species and cause DNA breaks by a free radical mechanism. 4. 5. moderate myelotoxicity, pulmonary fibrosis*. 6. 7. dose limiting, can not exceed total dose. Helpful in combination with more myelotoxic agents. 8. |
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Doxorubicin (Adriamycin)
1. classification 2. therapeutic use 3. mechanism of action 4. side effects 5. toxicity 6. antedote 7. contraindications 8. drug interaction |
1. Anthracyclins
2. 3. interferes with TOPOII with strand breaks. 4. 5. toxic to heart planar ring, congestive heart failure, free radical damage (heard to monitor) 6. 7. contraindicated in congestive heart failure |
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Daunorubicin
1. classification 2. therapeutic use 3. mechanism of action 4. side effects 5. toxicity 6. antedote 7. contraindications 8. drug interaction |
1. Anthracyclins
2. 3. interferes with TOPOII with strand breaks. 4. 5. toxic to heart planar ring, congestive heart failure, free radical damage (heard to monitor) 6. 7. contraindicated in congestive heart failure |
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Vincristine / Vinblastine
1. classification 2. therapeutic use 3. mechanism of action 4. side effects 5. toxicity 6. antedote 7. contraindications 8. drug interactions |
1.Vinca alkaloids, microtubule inhibitor (Periwinkle plant)
2. 3. inhibit microtubule polymerization by binding to a site near the exchangeable GTP binding site. 4. peripheral neuropathy (axon): tremors, ataxia, paresthesias. Vincristine is less myelosuppressive. |
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Cholchicine
1. classification 2. therapeutic use 3. mechanism of action 4. side effects 5. toxicity 6. antedote 7. contraindications 8. drug interactions |
1.microtubule inhibitor
2. 3. inhibit microtubule polymerization by binding to a interface between α and β subunits, cause instability. |
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Paclitaxel
1. classification 2. therapeutic use 3. mechanism of action 4. side effects 5. toxicity 6. antedote 7. contraindications 8. drug interactions |
1.Taxanes, microtubule inhibitor (Yew tree)
2. widely used in solid tumors 3. inhibit microtubule polymerization by stabilizing interactions between filaments and units. 4. Peripheral neuropathy, hypersensitivity, others. |
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Docetaxel
1. classification 2. therapeutic use 3. mechanism of action 4. side effects 5. toxicity 6. antedote 7. contraindications 8. drug interactions |
1.Taxanes, microtubule inhibitor (Yew tree)
2. widely used in solid tumors 3. inhibit microtubule polymerization by stabilizing interactions between filaments and units. 4. Peripheral neuropathy, hypersensitivity, others. |
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Dimercaprol (BAL)
1. classification 2. therapeutic use 3. mechanism of action 4. side effects 5. toxicity 6. antedote 7. contraindications 8. drug interactions |
1. Metal chelator
2. reduce As, Pb, Hg intoxication. 3. encircles a mineral or metal ion and carries it from the body via the urine and feces. 4. HTN, tachycardia,nausea, vomiting, lacrimation, salivation, fever, pain in injection site. 5. 6. 7. 100mg for intramuscular injection. Excrete by kidney within 4-8 hrs. |
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Succimer
1. classification 2. therapeutic use 3. mechanism of action 4. side effects 5. toxicity 6. antedote 7. contraindications 8. drug interactions |
1. Metal chelator (water soluble analogue of dimercaprol).
2. treat Pb, As, Hg intoxication. 3. encircles a mineral or metal ion and carries it from the body via the urine and feces. 4. Well tolerated. 5. 6. 7. 10mg/Kg orally 3 times a day. Excrete in urine. |
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Edetate Calcium Disodium (EDTA)
1. classification 2. therapeutic use 3. mechanism of action 4. side effects 5. toxicity 6. antedote 7. contraindications 8. drug interactions |
1. Metal chelator
2. Pb, Zn, Mn intoxication. 3. encircles a mineral or metal ion and carries it from the body via the urine and feces. 4. 5. Kidney injury, loss of Zn. 6. 7. slow IV or IM route. |
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Penicillamine
1. classification 2. therapeutic use 3. mechanism of action 4. side effects 5. toxicity 6. antedote 7. contraindications 8. drug interactions |
1. Metal chelator (white crystalline water soluble derivative of penicillin).
2. Cu intoxication, Wilson's disease. 3. encircles a mineral or metal ion and carries it from the body via the urine and feces. 4. 5. Hypersensitivity, nephrotoxicity, teratogen. 6. 7. resistant to metabolic degradation. Oral 125, 250 mg. |
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Trientine
1. classification 2. therapeutic use 3. mechanism of action 4. side effects 5. toxicity 6. antedote 7. contraindications 8. drug interactions |
1. Polydentate chelator
2. Cu intoxication, Wilson's disease. 3. encircles a mineral or metal ion and carries it from the body via the urine and feces. 4. 5. teratogen. 6. 7. 2nd line treatment for whom are intolerant to pencillamine. Oral 250mg. |
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Tetrathiomolybdate
1. classification 2. therapeutic use 3. mechanism of action 4. side effects 5. toxicity 6. antedote 7. contraindications 8. drug interactions |
1. alternate chelator for Trientine.
2. Cu intoxification, Wilson's disease. 3. 4. 5. less toxic 6. 7. |
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Deferoxamine
1. classification 2. therapeutic use 3. mechanism of action 4. side effects 5. toxicity 6. antedote 7. contraindications 8. drug interactions |
1. metal chelator from streptomyces pilosus.
2. Fe, Al poisoning 4. 5. Hypotension, intestinal irritation, pulmonary complication, neurotoxicity. 6. 7. IM or IV 500mg. |
