Pbl Sem4 Oneliners Group 16

Front 1

Structurally related to acetylcholine, used to produce muscle paralysis in order to facilitate surgery or artifical ventilation. Full doses lead to respiratory paralysis and require ventilation

Back 1

Neuromuscular blocking drugs

Front 2

These drugs strongly potentiate and prolong effect of neuromuscular blockade (NMB)

Back 2

Inhaled anesthetics, especially isoflurane, aminoglycosides, and antiarrhythmic

Front 3

These prevent the action of Ach at the skeletal muscle endplate to produce a "surmountable blockade," effect is reversed by cholinesterase inhibitors (ex. neostigmine or pyridostigmine)

Back 3

Nondepolarizing type antagonists

Front 4

Agent with long duration of action and is sost likely to cause histamine release

Back 4

Tubocurarine

Front 5

Non-depolarizing antagonist has short duration

Back 5

Mivacurium

Front 6

Agent can blocking muscarinic receptors

Back 6

Pancuronium

Front 7

Agent undergoing Hofmann elimination (breaking down spontaneously)

Back 7

Atracurium

Front 8

One depolarizing blocker that causes continuous depolarization and results in muscle relaxation and paralysis, causes muscle pain postoperatively and myoglobinuria may occur

Back 8

Succinylcholine

Front 9

During Phase I these agents worsen the paralysis by succinylcholine, but during phase II they reverse the blockade produced by succinylcholine

Back 9

Cholinesterase inhibitors

Front 10

Agent that is metabolized to acetaldehyde by alcohol dehydrogenase and microsomal ethanol-oxidizing system (MEOS)

Back 10

Ethanol

Front 11

Agent with zero-order kinetics

Back 11

Ethanol

Front 12

Rate limiting step of alcohol metabolism

Back 12

Aldehyde dehydrogenase

Front 13

System that increases in activity with chronic exposure and may contribute to tolerance

Back 13

MEOS

Front 14

Agent that metabolize acetaldehyde to acetate

Back 14

Aldehyde dehydrogenase

Front 15

Agents that inhibit alcohol dehydrogenase

Back 15

Disulfiram, metronidazole, certain sulfonylureas and cephalosporins

Front 16

Agent used in the treatment of alcoholism, if alcohol is consumed concurrently, acetaldehyde builds up and results in nausea, headache, flushing, and hypotension

Back 16

Disulfiram

Front 17

The most common neurologic abnormality in chronic alcoholics

Back 17

Peripheral neuropathy (also excessive alcohol use is associated with HTN, anemia, and MI)

Front 18

Agent that is teratogen and causes a fetal syndrome

Back 18

Ethanol

Front 19

Agent that is the antidote for methanol overdose

Back 19

Ethanol

Front 20

Drug that inhibits alcohol dehydrogenase and is used in ethylene glycol exposure

Back 20

Fomepizole

Front 21

Sedative-Hypnotics action

Back 21

Reduce inhibition, suppress anxiety, and produce relaxation

Front 22

Additive effects when Sedative-Hypnotics used in combination with these agents

Back 22

CNS depressants

Front 23

Common mechanism by which overdose result in death

Back 23

Depression of medullary and cardiovascular centers

Front 24

"Date rape drug"

Back 24

Flunitrazepam (rohypnol)

Front 25

The most important sign of withdrawal syndrome

Back 25

Excessive CNS stimulation (seizures)

Front 26

Treatment of withdrawal syndrome involves

Back 26

Long-acting sedative-hypnotic or a gradual reduction of dose, clonidine or propranolol

Front 27

These agents are CNS depressants

Back 27

Ethanol, Barbiturates, and Benzodiazepines

Front 28

MOA of general anesthetics

Back 28

Most are thought to act at GABA-A receptor - chloride channel

Front 29

Inhaled anesthetic with a low blood/gas partition coefficient

Back 29

Nitrous oxide

Front 30

Inversely related to potency of anesthetics

Back 30

Minimum alveolar anesthetic concentration (MAC)

Front 31

Inhaled anesthetics metabolized by liver enzymes which has a major role in the toxicity of these agents

Back 31

Halothane and methoxyflurane

Front 32

Most inhaled anesthetics SE

Back 32

Decrease arterial blood pressure

Front 33

Inhaled anesthetics are myocardial depressants

Back 33

Enflurane and halothane

Front 34

Inhaled anesthetic causes peripheral vasodilation

Back 34

Isoflurane

Front 35

Inhaled anesthetic that may sensitize the myocardium to arrhythmogenic effects of catecholamines and has produced hepatitis

Back 35

Halothane

Front 36

Inhaled anesthetic, less likely to lower blood pressure than other agents, and has the smallest effect on respiration

Back 36

Nitrous oxide

Front 37

Fluoride released by metabolism of this inhaled anesthetic may cause renal insufficiency

Back 37

Methoxyflurane

Front 38

Prolonged exposure to this inhaled anesthetic may lead to megaloblastic anemia

Back 38

Nitrous oxide

Front 39

Pungent inhaled anesthetic which leads to high incidence of coughing and vasospasm

Back 39

Desflurane

Front 40

DOC for malignant hyperthermia that may be caused by use of halogenated anesthetics

Back 40

Dantrolene

Front 41

IV barbiturate used as a pre-op anesthetic

Back 41

Thiopental

Front 42

Benzodiazepine used adjunctively in anesthesia

Back 42

Midazolam

Front 43

Benzodiazepine receptor antagonist, it accelerates recovery from benzodiazepine overdose

Back 43

Flumazenil

Front 44

This produces "dissociative anesthesia", is a cardiovascular stimulant which may increases intracranial pressure, and hallucinations occur during recovery

Back 44

Ketamine

Front 45

Opioid associated with respiratory depression, but is used in high risk patients who may not survive full general anesthetia

Back 45

Fentanyl

Front 46

State of analgesia and amnesia produced when fentanyl is used with droperidol and nitrous oxide

Back 46

Neuroleptanesthesia

Front 47

Produces both rapid anesthesia and recovery, has antiemetic activity and commonly used for outpatient surgery, may cause marked hypotension

Back 47

Propofol

Front 48

Constant proportion of cell population killed rather than a constant number

Back 48

Log-kill hypothesis

Front 49

Treatment with cancer chemotherapy at high doses every 3-4 weeks, too toxic to be used continuously

Back 49

Pulse therapy

Front 50

Toxic effect of anticancer drug can be lessened by rescue agents

Back 50

Rescue therapy

Front 51

Drug used concurrently with toxic anticancer agents to reduce renal precipitation of urates

Back 51

Allopurinol

Front 52

Pyrimidine analog that causes "Thymine-less death" given with leucovorin rescue

Back 52

5-flouracil (5-FU)

Front 53

Drug used in cancer therapy causes Cushing-like symptoms

Back 53

Prednisone

Front 54

Side effect of Mitomycin

Back 54

SEVERE myelosuppression

Front 55

MOA of cisplatin

Back 55

Alkylating agent

Front 56

Common toxicities of cisplatin

Back 56

Nephro and ototoxicity

Front 57

Analog of hypoxanthine, needs HGPRTase for activation

Back 57

6-mercaptopurine (6-MP)

Front 58

Interaction with this drug requires dose reduction of 6-MP

Back 58

Allopurinol

Front 59

May protect against doxorubicin toxic by scavenging free radicals

Back 59

Dexrazoxane

Front 60

Blows DNA (breaks DNA strands), limiting SE is pulmonary fibrosis

Back 60

Bleomycin

Front 61

Bleomycin+vinblastine+etoposide+cisplatin produce almost a 100% response when all agents are used for this neoplasm

Back 61

Testicular cancer

Front 62

MOPP regimen used in Hodgkin's disease (HD)

Back 62

Mechlorethamine+ oncovorin (vincristine)+ procarbazine, and prednisone

Front 63

ABVD regimen used for HD, but appears less likely to cause sterility and secondary malignancies than MOPP

Back 63

Adriamycin (doxorubicin) +bleomycin, vinblastine +dacarbazine

Front 64

Regimen used for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma

Back 64

COP (cyclophosphamide, oncovin(vincristine), and prednisone)

Front 65

Regimen used for breast cancer

Back 65

CMF (cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil) and tamoxifen if ER+

Front 66

Alkylating agent, vesicant that causes tissue damage with extravasation

Back 66

Mechlorethamine

Front 67

Anticancer drug also used in RA, produces acrolein in urine that leads to hemorrhagic cystitis

Back 67

Cyclophosphamide

Front 68

Prevention of cyclophosphamide induced hemorrhagic cystitis

Back 68

Hydration and mercaptoethanesulfonate (MESNA)

Front 69

Microtubule inhibitor that causes peripheral neuropathy, foot drop (eg. ataxia), and "pins and needles" sensation

Back 69

Vincristine

Front 70

Interact with microtubules (but unlike vinca which prevent disassembly of tubules), it stabilizes tubulin and cells remain frozen in metaphase

Back 70

Paclitaxel (taxol)

Front 71

Toxicities include nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity, leading to a severe interaction with aminoglycosides

Back 71

Cisplatin

Front 72

Agent similar to cisplatin, less nephrotoxic, but greater myelosuppression

Back 72

Carboplatin

Front 73

Converts asparagine to aspartate and ammonia, denies cancer cells of essential AA (asparagine)

Back 73

L-asparaginase

Front 74

Used for hairy cell leukemia; it stimulates NK cells

Back 74

Interferon alpha

Front 75

Anti-androgen used for prostate cancer

Back 75

Flutamide (Eulexin)

Front 76

Anti-estrogen used for estrogen receptor + breast cancer

Back 76

Tamoxifen

Front 77

Aromatase inhibitor used in breast cancer

Back 77

Letrozole, anastrozole

Front 78

Newer estrogen receptor antagonist used in advanced breast cancer

Back 78

Toremifene (Fareston)

Front 79

Some cell cycle specific anti-cancer drugs

Back 79

Bleomycin, vinca alkaloids, antimetabolites (eg., 5-FU, 6-MP, methotrexate, etoposide)

Front 80

Some cell cycle non-specific drugs

Back 80

Alkylating agents (eg., mechlorethamine, cyclophosphamide), antibiotics (doxorubicin, daunorubicin), cisplatin, nitrosourea

Front 81

Anti-emetics used in association with anti-cancer drugs that are 5-HT3 (serotonin receptor subtype ) antagonist

Back 81

Odansetron, granisetron

Front 82

Nitrosoureas with high lipophilicity, used for brain tumors

Back 82

Carmustine (BCNU) and lomustine (CCNU)

Front 83

Produces disulfiram-like reaction with ethanol

Back 83

Procarbazine

Front 84

Slightly increased risk of breast cancer, endometrial cancer, heart disease (questionable), has beneficial effects on bone loss

Back 84

Estrogen

Front 85

Antiestrogen drugs used for fertility and breast cancer respectively

Back 85

Clomiphene and tamoxifen

Front 86

Common SE of tamoxifen and raloxifene

Back 86

Hot flashes

Front 87

Selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) used for prevention of osteoporosis and currently being tested for treatment of breast cancer (Stars study)

Back 87

Raloxifene

Front 88

Non-steroidal estrogen agonist causes clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina in daughters of women who used it during pregnancy

Back 88

Diethylstilbestrol (DES)

Front 89

Estrogen mostly used in oral contraceptives (OC)

Back 89

Ethinyl estradiol and mestranol

Front 90

Anti-progesterone used as abortifacient

Back 90

Mifepristone (RU-486)

Front 91

Constant low dose of estrogen and increasing dose of progestin for 21 days (last 5 days are sugar pills or iron prep)

Back 91

Combination oral contraceptives (OC)

Front 92

Oral contraceptive available in a transdermal patch

Back 92

Ortho-Evra

Front 93

Converted to more active form DHT by 5 alpha-reductase

Back 93

Testosterone

Front 94

5 alpha-reductase inhibitor used for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and male pattern baldness

Back 94

Finasteride (Proscar and Propecia respectively)

Front 95

Anabolic steroid that has potential for abuse

Back 95

Nandrolone and stanozolol

Front 96

Anti-androgen used for hirsutism in females

Back 96

Cyproterone acetate

Front 97

Drug is used with testosterone for male fertility

Back 97

Leuprolide