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87 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Ophioglossids order
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Ophioglossales
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Ophiolossids characteristic
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-unbranched roots
-no root hairs -leaves have both sterile and fertile segments |
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Horsetails order
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Equisetales
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Horsetails characteristics
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-sporangia are sterile
-leaves are reduced and whorled -stems are hollow and impregnated with silica |
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Vessel ferns order
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Marattiales
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Vessel ferns characteristics
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-sorus composed of eusporangia derived from epidermal cells
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Leptosporangiate ferns order
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Polyodiales
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Leptosporangiate characters
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-sporophyte dominant
-rhizome -sori: true and false indusium |
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Whisk fern order
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Psilotales
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Whisk fern characters
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-enations: reduced peg-like leaves
-no true roots (lost) -dichotomously branched stems |
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heterospory
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production of spores of two different sizes and sexes by the sporophytes
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endospory
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complete development of the female gametophyte within original spore wall; no external female gametophyte
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microspore
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small spores that develop into male gametophytes
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megaspore
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larger spores that develop into female gametophytes
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anther
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part of stamen that contains microsporangia
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micropyle
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small opening in ovule, which pollen tube penetrates through
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endosperm
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tissue produced inside seeds of most flowering plants around time of fertilization
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pollen
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powder that contain the microgametophytes
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aril
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specialized outgrowth from hilium that covers or is attached to seed
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staminode
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sterile or abortive stamen
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ligule
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thin outgrowth at the junction of a leaf and leafstalk of many grasses
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phyllotaxis
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arrangement of leaves on a stem
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stele
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central part of root or stem containing tissues derived from procambium
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integument
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sterile sporophyte tissue surrounding megasporangium, except for a small pore at apex
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eustele
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siphonostele found in spermatophytes
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eustele
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siphonostele found in spermatophytes
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cambium
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lateral meristematic regions that allow plants to grow tall and provide structural support
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vascular cambium
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special cells that give rise to secondary xylem and secondary phloem
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gymnosperms
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naked seeds
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dioecious
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separate male and female plants
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Coniferophyta female cones
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dry, woody, fleshy berries
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Coniferophyta leaves
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simple, needle-like, fascicles in pines
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Coniferophyta sperm
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non-motile
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Cupressus cones
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globe shaped
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Juniperus cones
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look like berries
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Podocarpaceae cones
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berry-like
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Taxaceae berry
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fleshy aril, growing out of the stalk, thought to have evolved from the cone scale
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flower
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modified shoot system bearing stamens and/or carpels, often with perianth
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perianth
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modified leaves at base of shoot
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ABC model
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-A genes: sepals
-A + B genes: petals -B + C genes: stamen -C genes: carpels |
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stamens
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modified leaves bearing microsporangia
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carpel/fruit
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modified leaf bearing 2 adaxial rows of ovules
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fruit
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mature ovaries and accessory tissue
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Amborellaceae carpels
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-separate
-each with 1 ovule -marginal placentation |
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Amborellaceae fruit
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aggregate of drupes
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Nymphaceae leaves
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large, long-petiolate, floating
-blades cordate to orbicular, peltate |
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Nymphaceae flowers
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solitary, large, long-peduncled
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Nymphaceae fruit
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berry-like, dehiscent
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Magnoliid ovary
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superior
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Magnoliid seeds
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fleshy seed coat/aril
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Magnoliaceae leaves
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simple, stipulate, entire
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Magnoliaceae flowers
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showy, solitary, tepals
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Magnoliaceae fruit
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aggregate fruit: follicles, samaras
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Lauraceae flowers
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small, 6 tepals
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Lauraceae fruit
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drupe/berry with cupule
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monocots
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-one cotyledon
-parallel leaf venation -cuneate protein bodies in sieve cell plastids -scattered vascular bundles in stems -adventitious roots -loss of vascular cambium -monosulcate pollen |
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moncots-percent of angiosperms
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22-25
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Alismatales flowers
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inconspicious tepals or no perianth at all
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Araceae
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spathe and spadix
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Alismatales fruit
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berry
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Lemnaceae inflorescence
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minute, monoecious or dioecious, rarely flowers
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Liliales flowers
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large, showy
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Liliales ovary
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superior
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Liliales nectar
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produced at base of tepals
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Liliales fruit
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capsule or sometimes berry
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Liliales seed coat/seeds
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present/not black
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Asperagales flowers
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tepals not spotted
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Aspergales nectar
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on outer tepals or sepals
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Aspergales seed coat/seed
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collapsed to present/black
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Amaryllidaceae flowers
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large, showy
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Amaryllidaceae ovary
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inferior
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Amaryllidaceae inflorescence
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umbellate, bracts
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Alliaceae ovary
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superior
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Agavaceae inflorescence
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large, terminal, racemose or paniculate
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Agavaceae ovary
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superior or inferior
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Agavaceae leaves
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linear/lanceolate, prickle margin, sharp pointed
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Orchidaceae ovary
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inferior, parietal placentation
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Orchidaceae fruit
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capsule
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Poales
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Juncaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae
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Juncaceae inflorescence
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cyme
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Cyperaceae inflorescence
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spikelets
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Poaceae inflorescence
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spikelets
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Cyperaceae fruit
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achene
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Poaceae fruit
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caryopsis
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Ranunculaceae flowers
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showy sepals, reduced petals
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Ranunculaceae leaves
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compound or dissected
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Ranunculaceae fruit
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follicles, achenes, berries (aggregate)
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