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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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When did fungi and animals diverge?
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1.5 billion years ago.
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What are the three types of fungi?
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Yeast, Mold, Mushroom
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How does fungi nutrition differ from human nutrition?
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They absorb, don't ingest their food.
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What are exoenzymes?
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Hydrolytic enzymes that allow fungi do digest food outside the body.
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Are fungi usually motile?
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No.
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Name three sources of nutrients for fungi.
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Decompose dead organisms/waste, they act as parasites, and they can act as mutualistic symbionts.
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What is hyphae?
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Tubular filaments used to increase surface area of fungi - used for food absorption.
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What is mycellium?
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A network of hyphae.
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What is the cell wall made out of in a fungi?
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Chitin, a polymer of NAG.
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What is the difference between "higher" fungi and "lower" fungi?
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Higher fungi have septa that separate hyphae into compartments.
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How can fungi undergo sexual reproduction if they are not motile?
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Sporulation - spores travel through wind, water, and feces.
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Can a fungi spore by diploid?
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No.
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Explain fungi mating.
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Fungi can either be a-mating type or alpha-mating type. The hyphae extend toward the opposite mating type, the source of the pheremone, and fuse.
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What is synagmy?
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Fusion of gametes in fungi.
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What are the two stages of the fungi reproductive cycle?
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Plasmogamy, cytoplasm fusion, and Karyogamy, nuclei fusion.
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The zigote forms after what process in the fungi reproductive cycle?
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Karyogamy.
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When are spores produced in the fungi reproductive cycle?
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Right after the zygote is formed.
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What are deuteromycetes/imperfect fungi?
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Fungi with no sexual cycle.
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What are chytrids?
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Fungi with flagella.
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What are flagellated spores called?
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Zoospores
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Describe zygomycetes. Give two examples.
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black bread mold. Examples are pilobolus and microsporidia. Pilobolus have light sensitive pigments, while microsporidia lack a mitochondria.
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Describe gloromycetes.
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They are symbionts with plants (mutualism). They have haustoria, which are specialized hyphae that penetrate cell wall.
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Distinguish between ectomychorrihizae and endomychorrihizae.
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Ecto has hyphae over surface of the root, endo has invaginations inside cell wall.
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Describe Asomycetes.
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sac-like structure, Baker's yeast. Asymmetric division, used for yeast artificial chromosome
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Describe asomycetes mold
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Filamentous structure, microscopic, have conidia - asexual spores that form at tip of hyphae.
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What does penicillin do?
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Inhibits peptidoglycon growth of gram+ and gram-
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Describe Basidiomycetes
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Mushrooms
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What are shelf fungi?
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Decompose lignin in wood
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Which fungus is a symbiont with green algae and cyanobacteria?
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Lichen
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