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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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In postductal coarctaction of the aorta, brachial pressure is ________________(higher than, less than, the same as) pressure in the femoral artery, and plasma angiotensin would be _____________(increased, decreased, no change).
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greater, increased
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Pulse in the ankle would be faint in __________ (disease name).
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Buerger’s disease OR arteriosclerosis obliterans OR coarctation of the aorta
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In a newborn with a patent ductus, most commonly the flow in the ductus will be from __________ (aorta to pulmonary artery, pulmonary artery to aorta) because pressure is greatest in the __________ (aorta, pulmonary artery).
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aorta to pulmonary artery, aorta
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The final stage of atherosclerosis is called the _____________ and involves migration and involvement of ____________( CELL TYPE) at the site of the plaque.
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complicated lesion, platelets
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Infusion of a nitroprusside would cause resistance to ______________ (increase/decrease) and heart rate to ______________(increase/decrease).
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decrease, increase
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When the ductus remains patent postnatally, the most common direction of flow is _________ (left to right / right to left) because pressure in the pulmonary artery is usually ______ (less than / greater than ) pressure in the aorta.
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LEFT TO RIGHT, Less than
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In the first stage of atherosclerosis, (a)___________ cells invade through the endothelial layer and take up fat from oxidized LDLs. This uptake occurs because of the presence of (b)_____________ receptors on these cells.
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(a) monocyte (macrophage also acceptable)
(b) scavenger |
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Which part of the ECG is most effected by myocardial ischemia? (a)_____________. This change is primarily due to changes in
permeability to which ion? (b)___________. |
(a) ST segment (T wave also ok)
(b) K+ (potassium) |
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In myocardial ischemia, changes occur in which portion of
the ECG?(a)_______. This portion of the ECG corresponds to what phase of the ventricular action potential?(b) ______ |
(a) T wave OR ST segment OR ST
(b) phase 3 OR K+ efflux |
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3. In atherosclerosis, in the fatty streak stage the lipid deposition occurs because of uptake of fat from (what type of carrier molecule) (a)___________ by (what type of cell- give name before uptake) (b)________________
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(a) LDL (or oxidized LDL),
(b) monocyte (or macrophage) |
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When a coronary artery is occluded, the normal response in the vessel distal to the occlusion would be _________ (dilation/constriction); a factor/chemical that would be likely to cause this response is_______________.
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dilation,
adenosine (also ok if say K+, co2, low O2) |
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If a myocardial infarct occurs, a short term response to help maintain flow would be an (increase or decrease) _________
in sympathetic nerve activity, whereas a very long term response would be an increase in myocardial ____________. |
increase,
hypertrophy (size, mass) |
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During a hemorrhage, the cardiac output would (increase or decrease) _________ and heart rate would (reflexly) (increase or decrease) _________
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DECREASE, INCREASE
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The __________ (intrinsic/extrinsic) pathway of thrombosis involves blood pooling which can be caused by __________.
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Intrinsic
Aneurysms or athlerosclerosis |
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The extrinsic pathway of thrombosis is typically caused by __________.
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Infections, invasion of intima
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What are the 3 stages of athlerosclerosis?
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fatty streak
fibrous plaque complicated lesion |
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What role does VCAM have in fatty streak of athleroclerosis?
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Expressed by endothelial cells, attracts monophages to the intimal layer
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What is arteriosclerosis obliterans?
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progressive stenosis and obstruction with athlerosclerotic plaques in medium and large sized arteries
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3 complications of thrombosus
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disseminated intravascular coagulopathy
thromboembolism thrombophleibitis |
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Thrombosus in vein vs. artery
(coloration) |
Arterial - pale skin
Vein - red to deep blue-purple |
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Aneurysms are caused by...
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location dilation of vessel wall of heart chamber caused by trauma, arteriosclerosis or infections.
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What are varicose veins?
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pooling of blood in vein causing distension
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What is vasculitis?
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inflammation of vessel wall due to immune/autoimmune disease
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where would the following kinds of vasculitis be located in the vasculature:
(a) polyarteritis nodosa (b) takyasu's arteritis (c) temporal arteritis (d) giant cell arteritis |
(a)medium sized, coronary, hepatic
(b) aorta and branches (c) cranial vessels (d) multiple vessels |
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What is Buerger's Disease?
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inflammation, obstruction of arteries supplying flow to extremities leading to reduced pulse, bruits, rubor, intermittent claudication
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What is the difference between Raynaud's Phenomenon and Raynaud's disease?
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Raynaud's phenomenon is secondary to another disease (pulmonary hypertension, scleroderma, etc.)
Raynaud's disease has unknown etiology, induced by cold/stress |
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Symptoms of Raynaud's include:
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nmbness, cyanosis followed by rubor
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What is coarctation of the aorta?
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narrowing of aorta before or after ductus arteriosus
(98% post-ductal) |
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What type of defect is coarctation of the aorta?
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congenital
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What abnormalities can be seen in individuals with coarctation of the aorta?
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reduced flow to legs
increased flow to upper body murmurs |
