Pbd Quiz 6--Sensory & Eye

Front 1

T/F?
Sensory cells classified as mechanoreceptors give us our sense of hearing.

Back 1

True

Front 2

T/F?
The sclera is a dense, white, opaque protective coat that covers 85% of the outer surface of the eye and is continuous with the choroid.

Back 2

False.
it's continuous with the cornea

Front 3

T/F?
Photic stimuli are electromagnetic waves between 400 and 750 nM long.

Back 3

True

Front 4

T/F?
Tears produced by the lacrimal glands are comprised of 50% H2O, albumin, 1.5% NaCl, potassium, albumin, glucose, lysozymes and immunoglobulin.

Back 4

False
98% H2O, 1.5% albumin, NaCl

Front 5

T/F?
Large molecules and even small charged molecules are generally excluded from passing from the vascular lumen to the CNS tissue.

Back 5

True

Front 6

The sensation of spinning, usually resulting from inflammation of the semicircular canals, is termed ______.

Back 6

vertigo

Front 7

Nerve cell bodies of first-order sensory neurons going to the spinal cord are located in the __________ .

Back 7

dorsal root ganglion

Front 8

Second-order sensory neurons innervating the lower body have their cell bodies located in the spinal cord and synapse on third-order neurons located in the ________________.

Back 8

thalamus

Front 9

The correct nomenclature for sensory receptors that respond to pain is ________________.

Back 9

nociceptors

Front 10

T/F?
Intraocular pressure is created by the rates of secretion of aqueous humor by the ciliary processes and the rates of outflow by the trabecular meshwork.

Back 10

True

Front 11

T/F?
The dioptic media of the eye includes the cornea, aqueous humor, vitreous, choroid and lens.

Back 11

False
only the cornea involves diopters

Front 12

T/F?
Light energy entering the eye interacts with photopigments and cause sodium channels to open and produce a negative generator potential.

Back 12

False
sodium channels CLOSE

Front 13

T/F?
The strength of a stimulus applied to a sensory receptor is encoded and transmitted to the CNS as the amplitude of the action potential produced.

Back 13

False
...as the intensity of the action potential produced

Front 14

What sensory receptors involve the pineal eye?

Back 14

photoreceptors

Front 15

T/F?
Generator potentials are grades, vary in stimulus strength, are all-or-none, and must reach threshold to produce an AP.

Back 15

False
NOT all-or-none

Front 16

Phantom pain is usually associated with _____-order neurons.

Back 16

second-order

Front 17

Sensory receptors can produce an electrical signal containing far greater energy than that contained in stimulus, and this is called __________.

Back 17

amplification

Front 18

T/F?
Fourth-order neurons may transform info before transmitting it to the cerebral cortex.

Back 18

False
THIRD-order!

Front 19

T/F?
First-order neurons have their cell body (soma) usually located in a dorsal root ganglion only.

Back 19

False
also can be in a cranial nerve ganglion

Front 20

T/F?
Third-order neurons are located in the spinal cord or brainstem.

Back 20

False.
Second-order neurons...

Front 21

T/F?
First-order neurons have peripheral ending functions as the sensory receptor or receives input from an accessory sensory cell.

Back 21

True

Front 22

______________ is the reduction in discharge frequency during a sustained stimulus.

Back 22

adaptation

Front 23

What is a long-lasting stimulus that produces a prolonged, repetitive discharge in the primary afferent neuron called?

Back 23

slowly adapting receptors

Front 24

Sensory coding involves what 5 things?

Back 24

modality
location
intensity
frequency
duration

Front 25

What is the weakest stimulus that a sensory receptor can reliably detect called?

Back 25

threshold stimulus

Front 26

Which cutaneous receptor picks up high frequency vibrations and pressures?

Back 26

Pacinian Corpuscles

Front 27

T/F?
The aqueous humor is secreted bt the ciliary epithelium and has a pressure <25mmHg.

Back 27

False
<22mmHg

Front 28

The iris is made of what 2 oriented smooth muscle cells?

Back 28

radially (dilatory)
and
circularly (sphincter)
oriented

Front 29

What is the part of the eye that has the highest visual acuity/color?

Back 29

macula lutea

Front 30

What is the center of the macula called?

Back 30

fovea

Front 31

Hair cells in the ear are receptor cells and function as ___________.

Back 31

mechanoreceptors

Front 32

The crystals of calcium carbonate in the semicircular canals are called __________.

Back 32

otoliths

Front 33

Cranial nerve VIII is called the ____________ nerve.

Back 33

vestibulocochlear

Front 34

T/F?
Conductive hearing loss occurs when any change in the outer or middle ear impairs conduction of sound waves to the inner ear.

Back 34

True

Front 35

Sensorineural hearing loss is impairment of the ___________ or its CNS connection.

Back 35

Organ of Corti

Front 36

Besides noise exposure, aging, and disease, what else can cause sensoineural hearing loss?

Back 36

ototoxicity

Front 37

What is the most common form of sensorineural hearing loss?

Back 37

Presbycusis

Front 38

Ringing in the hear is called ________.

Back 38

Tinnitus

Front 39

__________ disease is the triad of vertigo, sensorineural hearing loss, and tinnitus.

Back 39

Meniere's Disease

Front 40

What is the inflammation of the middle ear called?

Back 40

Otitis media

Front 41

Otitis media usually results from an upper respiratory tract infection that extends via the Eustachian tube from the oropharynx.

Back 41

False.
nasopharynx

Front 42

What is it called when you have involuntary, rapid, rhythmic movement of the eyes resulting from over stimulation of the semicircular canal system?

Back 42

Vestibular nystagmus

Front 43

T/F?
Vestibular nystagmus results from over stimulation of the cochlea.

Back 43

False
over-stimulation of the semicircular canal system

Front 44

T/F?
The cornea covers 25% of the eye and is lined by a thin tear film.

Back 44

False
15%

Front 45

The ______ is the neuronal and outer pigmented layer of the eye.

Back 45

retina

Front 46

The Vitreous humor makes up what percent of the eye's volume?

Back 46

90%

Front 47

The ________ are attached from the ciliary bodies to lens.

Back 47

zonules

Front 48

The _________ is the clear tissue at the front of the eye.

Back 48

cornea

Front 49

T/F?
The lens serves as the main refractive element of the visual system.

Back 49

False
the cornea!
is directs incoming light through the lens for precise focusing on the retina

Front 50

_________ is the loss in power of accommodation.

Back 50

Presbyopia

Front 51

T/F?
The lens has 1/3 refractive power.

Back 51

True

Front 52

The ability to increase the lens refractive power is called _________.

Back 52

accommodation

Front 53

T/F?
The transparent parts of the eye include the cornea, AH, lens, VH, and retina.

Back 53

TRUE

Front 54

______ and _____ regulate Na,K-ATPase.

Back 54

ACh and NO

Front 55

___________ binds to NOS, which makes NO and binds to sGC.

Back 55

CaM (calmodulum)

Front 56

What's missing?
NO-sGC-->cGMP--->____--->Na/K ATPase

Back 56

RPP
(reversible phosphorylation)

Front 57

Areas of aqueous humor flow include where?

Back 57

trabecular meshwork
and
Schlemn's canal