Pbd Ii Quiz 2/3

Front 1

T/F The hormone gastrin is released in response to the pH of duodenal contents falling below 3.5 and is released to slow gastric emptying

Back 1

False

Front 2

What does MMC stand for?

Back 2

migrating myoelectric complex

Front 3

T/F PEPTIC ULCERS ARE CHRONIC, USUALLY SOLITARY, ULCERATIONS OF THE UPPER GI TRACT OCCURRING MOST FREQUENTLY IN THE DUODENUM AND STOMACH.

Back 3

True

Front 4

Name the number one symptom of pyloric stenosis.

Back 4

Projectile vomiting

Front 5

T/F The only non-mixed (pure serous) salivary gland is the submandibular gland.

Back 5

False

Front 6

T/F Enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cells release the parietal cell secretagogue gastrin

Back 6

False

Front 7

T/F Both salivary amylase and alpha amylase can only cleave alpha-1, 6 glucose linkages

Back 7

False

Front 8

__________________ cells, located in the gastric pits, differentiate inot columnar epithelial cells that migrate to the luminal surface of the stomach.

Back 8

Mucus neck

Front 9

The pancreatic products chymotrypsinogen and procarboxypeptidase are converted to their active form by the action of ___________.

Back 9

trypsin

Front 10

The limiting step in the absorption of lipid materials is the diffusion of _________ through the intestinal unstirred surface layer.

Back 10

micelles

Front 11

T/F The musculature of the upper third of the esophagus is stimulated to contract by the parasympathetic division and inhibited to contract by the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system.

Back 11

False

Front 12

T/F The internal anal sphincter is under voluntary control

Back 12

False

Front 13

T/F An example of an inhibitory GI peptide is substance P.

Back 13

False

Front 14

T/F The basic electrical rhythm of the GI tract is produced by the depolarization of ganglion cells of the enteric nervous system.

Back 14

False

Front 15

T/F CHOLERA IS USUALLY SELF-LIMITING WITH FLUID REPLACEMENT.

Back 15

True

Front 16

T/F THE ONLY NON-MIXED (PURE SEROUS) SALIVARY GLAND IS THE SUBMANDIBULAR GLAND.

Back 16

False

Front 17

T/F ENTEROCHROMAFFIN-LIKE (ECL) CELLS RELEASE THE PARIETAL-CELL SECRETAGOGUE GASTRIN.

Back 17

False

Front 18

T/F HYDROGEN IONS ARE MOVED INTO THE LUMEN OF THE GASTRIC GLANDS BY PRIMARY ACTIVE TRANSPORT.

Back 18

True

Front 19

T/F MUCOUS NECK CELLS, LOCATED IN THE GASTRIC PITS, DIFFERENTIATE INTO COLUMNAR EPITHELIAL CELLS THAT MIGRATE TO THE LUMINAL SURFACE OF THE STOMACH.

Back 19

True

Front 20

T/F THE CEPHALIC PHASE OF THE CONTROL OF GASTRIC ACID SECTETION IS MEDIATED ENTIRELY BY THE VAGUS

Back 20

True

Front 21

T/F STEATORRHEA IS THE PRODUCTION OF A BLACK, TARRY APPEARING STOOL.

Back 21

False

Front 22

T/F FECALITHS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH THE DEVELOPMENT OF DIVERTICULAR DISEASE.

Back 22

False

Front 23

BICARB (HCO3-) LEAVES THE PARIETAL CELLS BY:
A. FACILITATED DIFFUSION
B. COUNTERTRANSPORT WITH Cl-
C. COUNTERTRANPORT WITH SODIUM
D. PRIMARY ACTIVE TRANSPORT

Back 23

B

Front 24

T/F The bacterial disease that causes ulceration of the small intestine and hyperplasia of the systemic reticuloendothelial system (mononuclear phagocytic system) is cholera.

Back 24

False

Front 25

T/F The parotid glands contain serous acinar cells that secrete salivary amylase and mucins

Back 25

False

Front 26

The disease resulting in chronic or recurrent diarrhea and atrophy of the villi of the small intestine that is induced by eating gluten-containing foods is _______________.

Back 26

celiac sprue or gluten interopathy or celiac disease in children

Front 27

The number-one cause of intestinal obstruction is _______________.

Back 27

hernia or intestinal hernia

Front 28

In salivary secretion, stimulation of the (a)_________ nerves cause the release of (b)____________ which binds to (c)____________ receptor in the basolateral surface of the cell. Activation of these receptors cause increases in (d)______________ and subsequent release of amylase.

Back 28

a. parasympathetic
b. ACh
c. M3R
d. IP3 or DAG of CA++

Front 29

As salivary flow increases:
a) Na+ concentration decreases significantly but is less than plasma
b) Cl- concentration increases significantly but is more than plasma
c) HCO3 concentration increases significantly but is more than plasma
d) The tonicity increases, but saliva is hypertonic to plasma
e) K+ decreases slightly, but is lower than plasma

Back 29

C

Front 30

T/F Intussusception is the most common cause of intestinal obstruction.

Back 30

False

Front 31

T/F Crohn's Disease results in atrophy of villi of SI and is induced by gluten-containing foods.

Back 31

False

Front 32

T/F The third most frequent cause of death from cancer in the US is pedunculated adenoma.

Back 32

False

Front 33

T/F Cholelithiasis may occur in any part of the biliary system.

Back 33

True

Front 34

T/F Only -amylase (pancreatic) can cleave -1,4 glucose linkage

Back 34

False

Front 35

T/F Jaundice is the result of excessive levels of bilirubin in the plasma

Back 35

True

Front 36

The GI disorder caused by Salmonella microbs that produces acute diarrhea, ulceration of the small intestine, systemic reticuloendothelial hyperplasia, and may lead to hemorrhage, bowel perforation, and rupture of the spleen is __________.

Back 36

Typhoid fever

Front 37

Chylomicrons leave the instestinal villi by entering the _________ (a structure) and traveling in the lymph to the systemic circulation.

Back 37

lacteals

Front 38

T/F CONCERNING THE IONIC COMPOSITION OF SALIVA, POTASSIUM IS ALWAYS HIGHER AND BICARBONATE EXCEEDS THAT OF PLASMA EXCEPT AT VERY LOW RATES OF SECRETION

Back 38

True

Front 39

T/F HCO3-, GENERATED DURING THE INTRACELLULAR PRODUCTION OF H+, LEAVES THE PARIETAL CELLS BY COUNTERTRANSPORT WITH CI- AND IS CARRIED A W A Y BY THE VENOUS BLOOD.

Back 39

True

Front 40

PARIETAL (OXYNTIC) CELLS SECRETE ______ AND __________________

Back 40

HCl; INTRINSIC FACTOR

Front 41

BOTH SALIVARY AMYLASE AND ALPHA AMYLASE CAN CLEAVE ONLY _______________ GLUCOSE LINKAGES.

Back 41

ALPHA (1,4)

Front 42

THE TWO BLOOD SUPPLIES TO THE LIVER ARE VIA THE ___________ AND THE _____________________

Back 42

HEPATIC ARTERY; HEPATIC PORTAL VEIN

Front 43

BILE ENTERS THE DUODENUM THROUGH THE ___________________

Back 43

SPHINCTER OF ODDI

Front 44

T/F Chyme entering the duodenum that bas a pH below 3.5 causes the release of secretin, which slows gastric emptying and inhibits the release of gastrin

Back 44

T

Front 45

T/F An important compilation of hernias is often obstruction and may progress to ischemic necrosis

Back 45

T

Front 46

T/F Peristalsis consists of moving waves of contracted circular muscle preceded by an area of relaxed muscle that sweeps the entire length of the small intestine

Back 46

F

Front 47

T/F Beta-adrenergic stimulation of the parotid salivary glands produces a secretion that is richer in amylase.

Back 47

T

Front 48

T/F Oxyntic cells secrete the family of proteolytic proenzymes known as the pepsinogens.

Back 48

F

Front 49

T/F Optimal activity for salivary amylase and the pepsins occurs when the pH is 7.

Back 49

F

Front 50

T/F Parietal cells and chief cells are most numerous in the gastric glands of the pyloric glandular region of the stomach

Back 50

F

Front 51

T/F Potassium ions enter the lumen m the gastric glands by primary active transport.

Back 51

F

Front 52

T/F The tall columnar epithelial cells that line the lumen of the stomach differentiate from the mucous neck cells found in the gastric pits.

Back 52

T

Front 53

T/F Cl- concentration is higher in the cytoplasm parietal cell than in plasma.

Back 53

T

Front 54

T/F The control of gastric acid secretion during the cephalic phase is mediated entirely by the vagus nerve.

Back 54

T

Front 55

T/F Chymotrypsinogen is activated by enteropeptidase

Back 55

F

Front 56

T/F The amount of lecithin present determines the amount of cholesterol that can be dissolved in the micelles.

Back 56

T

Front 57

T/F Cholecystitis refers to the presence of gallstones in the gallbladder

Back 57

F

Front 58

Long-term, high-dose, broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy may adversely affect the absorption of:
a. carbohydrates
b. lipids
c. proteins
d. dietary fiber
e. none of the above

Back 58

B

Front 59

Concerning the liver, which of the following is NOT true:
a. hepatocytes are arranged in plates that radiate out from the central vein
b. sinusoids are vascular spaces located between the plates of hepatocytes
c. sinusoids are lined with endothelial cells and Kupffer Cells
d. bile is secreted into canaliculi and flows into bile ducts located in the center of each lobule
e. all of the above are true

Back 59

D

Front 60

T/F Chymotrypsinogen and procarboxypeptidase are cleaved to their active forms by enteropeptidase (enterokinase).

Back 60

F

Front 61

T/F The gallbladder is drained by the cystic duct.

Back 61

T

Front 62

T/F The Kupffer Cells of the liver produce the bile that drains into the bile canaliculi.

Back 62

F

Front 63

T/F The more lecithin present in the micelles, the less cholesterol can be dissolved.

Back 63

F

Front 64

T/F Primary bile acids are converted to secondary bile acids by colonic bacteria

Back 64

F

Front 65

T/F Cholelithiasis can occur in any part of the biliary system.

Back 65

T

Front 66

T/F Intestinal villi are the very small projections on the tips of the tall columnar epithelial cells of the small intestines.

Back 66

F

Front 67

T/F Chylomicrons are transported to the liver in the hepatic portal vein.

Back 67

F

Front 68

The acinar cells of the pancreas are stimulated to secrete the enzyme component of pancreatic juice by the secretogogue:
a. secretin
b. cholecystokinin
c. histamine
d. epinephrine

Back 68

B

Front 69

T/F Conjugated bilirubin is not soluble and thereby form insoluble calcium salts in bile

Back 69

F

Front 70

T/F Cholelithiasis is fore times more common in males than in females

Back 70

F

Front 71

T/F Transfusion reactions resulting in hemolysis often produce jaundice

Back 71

T

Front 72

T/F Hepatocellular carcinoma can develop secondary to hepatitis B or C.

Back 72

T

Front 73

The exocrine pancreatic juice is composed of a /an (A)_____________ component that is spontaneously secreted in the (B)_____________ and is modified in the (C)__________ when stimulated by (D) _____________.

Back 73

(A) aqueous
(B) interlobular
(C) extralobular
(D) secretin

Front 74

Between meals bile secreted by the liver is stored and concentrated in the gallbladder. After the start of a meal however, the gallbladder begins emptying the bile into the duodenum. Which of the following is a TRUE statement:
A. In the initial phase, consistent contraction of the gallbladder force bile through the sphincter of Oddi
B. All three phases of digestion elicit similar rates of gallbladder empting
C. Stimulation of sympathetic nerve to the gallbladder inhibits emptying of the gallbladder
D. During the intestinal phase of digestion contraction and relaxation are mostly mediated by the cholinergic signaling elicited by the vagus nerve and gastrin release from the stomach.
E. None of the above.

Back 74

C

Front 75

T/F Bicarb (HCO-3) enters the ileum and colon by countertransport with Cl- for a net loss.

Back 75

T

Front 76

T/F During "rest and digest" periods (parasympathetic stimulation), absorption of Na+, Cl-, and water is increased.

Back 76

F

Front 77

T/F Only 1 to 2% of ingested B12 is absorbed without the aid of intrinsic factor (IF).

Back 77

T

Front 78

T/F The epithelial cells of the stomach secrete mucus and bicarbonate that make the mucus layer acid and protect the surface of the stomach from damage by gastric content.

Back 78

F

Front 79

T/F When the double mutant mice lacking IP3R2 and IP3R3 were fed a predigested diet containing glucose and amino acids for a week they gained weight. This data suggest that the digestive system dysfunction caused the malnutrition.

Back 79

T

Front 80

T/F The cholinergic-induced stimulation of amylase production in the IP3R2/IP3R3 knockout mice was abolished by atropine.

Back 80

F

Front 81

T/F In salivary secretion, stimulation of the sympathetic nerves causes the release of Ca2+ and subsequent release of water.

Back 81

F

Front 82

T/F The parietal cells are stimulated to secrete HCl-. G cells produce gastrin which also influences HCl- production.

Back 82

T