Pbd Ii Exam 2 Week 6

Front 1

Non traditional sensory receptors

Back 1

-Interoceptive:
proprioreceptors
chemical
thermal
-Balance

Front 2

A muscle spindle is an example of a:
a. chemoreceptor
b. electroreceptor
c. mechanoreceptor
d. nocireceptor

Back 2

c. mechanoreceptor

Front 3

Touch, pressure, flutter, vibration, tickle, warmth, cold, pain, itch
a. special
b. superficial
c. deep
d. visceral

Back 3

b. superficial

Front 4

hunger, nausea, distension, visceral pain
a. special
b. superficial
c. deep
d. visceral

Back 4

d. visceral

Front 5

position, movement, pressure, pain
a. special
b. superficial
c. deep
d. visceral

Back 5

c. deep

Front 6

vision, audition, olfaction, balance
a. special
b. superficial
c. deep
d. visceral

Back 6

a. special

Front 7

T/F The generator / receptor potential varies with stimulus strength

Back 7

T

Front 8

T/F Generator/receptor potentials must reach threshold to produce action potential

Back 8

T

Front 9

Term for sensory receptors that produce electrical signal containing far greater energy than that contained in stimulus

Back 9

amplification

Front 10

T/F First order neurons are usually located in the spinal cord or brain stem

Back 10

F (they are found in dorsal root ganglion or cranial nerve ganglion)

Front 11

Transmit to neurons in the thalamus
a. first order neurons
b. second order neurons

Back 11

second order

Front 12

T/F The dorsal and ventral root are part of the central nervous system

Back 12

F

Front 13

not being able to pinpoint where the pain is coming from

Back 13

referred pain

Front 14

__ order neurons are located in the cerebral cortex

Back 14

higher-order neurons

Front 15

___ order neurons are located in the appropriate sensory receiving areas of the cerebral cortex

Back 15

fourth

Front 16

___ order neurons are located in one of the sensory nuclei of the thalamus

Back 16

third

Front 17

a long-lasting stimulus produces only a short-lived response

Back 17

rapidly adapting receptors

Front 18

long lasting stimulus produces a prolonged, repetitive discharge in the primary afferent neuron

Back 18

slowly adapting receptor

Front 19

weakest stimulus that a sensory receptor can reliably detect

Back 19

threshold stimulus

Front 20

aspects of stimuli that may be sensory encoded

Back 20

modality, location, intensity, frequency, duration

Front 21

Aqueous humor is located in the
a. anterior cavity
b. posterior cavity

Back 21

anterior cavity

Front 22

__ is secreted by the ciliary epithelium

Back 22

aqueous humor

Front 23

___ humor helps give the eyeball its shape

Back 23

vitreous humor

Front 24

T/F Cones work in low light and cannot see color

Back 24

F (rods)

Front 25

Matching: Iris
a. Radial smooth muscle
b. Circulatory smooth muscle
1. sphincter
2. dilatory

Back 25

radial = dilatory
circulatory = sphincter

Front 26

Most concentrated area of cones in the retina. Highest visual acuity and color

Back 26

macula lutea

Front 27

Center of macula

Back 27

fovea

Front 28

Where is the blind spot in the eye?

Back 28

optic nerve

Front 29

vascular coat of eye that supplies the retina and is pigmented

Back 29

choroid

Front 30

T/F The external ear is composed of the pinna and external auditory meatus

Back 30

T

Front 31

site of beginning of the middle ear

Back 31

tympanic membrane

Front 32

runs between nasopharynx and middle ear

Back 32

eustachian tube

Front 33

T/F The organ of corti is found in the cochlea and is responsible for sense of hearing

Back 33

T

Front 34

T/F Hair receptor cells function as chemoreceptors

Back 34

F mechanoreceptors

Front 35

Crystals of calcium carbonate give sense of balance

Back 35

otoliths

Front 36

Most common form of sensorineural hearing loss. Occurs with age

Back 36

presbycusis

Front 37

ringing in ears

Back 37

tinnitus

Front 38

triad of vertigo, sensorineural hearing loss, and tinnitus. Etiology unknown.

Back 38

Meniere's disease

Front 39

T/F Otitis media is only caused by bacterial organisms

Back 39

F can also be viral

Front 40

involuntary, rapid, rhythmic movement of eyes resulting form overstimulation of semicircular canal system

Back 40

vestibular nystagmus

Front 41

Sensation of spinning results from inflammation of semiciruclar canals

Back 41

vertigo

Front 42

Photic stimuli range:
a. 200-450 nM
b.400-750 nM
c.500-950nM

Back 42

400-750 nM

Front 43

2 protective layers of the eye

Back 43

sclera, cornea

Front 44

T/F the sclera is covered by a thin tear film

Back 44

F, cornea

Front 45

responsible for the bending of light (refractive element)

Back 45

cornea

Front 46

the __ focuses images into the retina

Back 46

lens

Front 47

T/F the lens is an inelastic structure

Back 47

F

Front 48

___ connect ciliary body to lens

Back 48

zonules

Front 49

Contraction of muscles in ciliary body is controlled by the sympathetic nervous system T/F

Back 49

F para

Front 50

loss of power of accomodation eye remains focused at distant objects

Back 50

presbyopia

Front 51

What does the puncta do?

Back 51

collects tears

Front 52

What are the substances in tears that protect against infection?
a. HCl
b. Nacl
c.lysozymes
d. glucose
e. immunoglobulin

Back 52

lysozymes
immunoglobulin

Front 53

Matching:
a. Pigmented Epithelium
b. Non-pigmented epithelium
1. Faces vitreous
2.Faces stroma
3. Alpha 2 beta 3 subunits
4. alpha 1 beta 1 subunits

Back 53

pigemented faces stroma and has A1 B1
nonpigments faces vetreous and has A2 B3

Front 54

___ are responsible for aqueous humor production and __ is resopnsible for aqueous humor secretion

Back 54

ciliary processes
Na, k-ATPase

Front 55

Areas in which aqueous humor outflows into venous system

Back 55

trabecular meshwork
canal of schlemn

Front 56

Agents that decrease cell volume cause __ in rate of aqueous humor outflow. Give 2 examples.

Back 56

increase
Nitric oxide, cGMP

Front 57

Agents that disrupt the actin cytoskeleton cause __ in aqueous humor outflow. give an example.

Back 57

increase
ouabain

Front 58

Cells in the retina are
a. myelinated
b. unmyelinated

Back 58

unmyelinated

Front 59

Retinal is a vitamin _ derived pigment

Back 59

A

Front 60

Portion of rhodopsin that actually captures the light

Back 60

retinal

Front 61

Increase in light sensitive pigments
a. light adaptation
b. dark adaptation

Back 61

b. dark adaptation

Front 62

Farsightedness

Back 62

hyperopia

Front 63

T/F Hyperopia occurs when the eyeball is too short and can be corrected with a convex lens

Back 63

T

Front 64

T/F Myopia is corrected with convex lens

Back 64

F - concave

Front 65

T/F Astigmatism is the uneven curvature of the lens

Back 65

F (cornea)

Front 66

Progressive thinning of the cornea

Back 66

keratoconus

Front 67

The most common cause of visual loss is glaucoma

Back 67

F (cataracts)

Front 68

Degeneration of the retinal photoreceptors
a. color blindness
b. diabetic retinopathy
c. retinitis pigmentosa

Back 68

retinitis pigmentosa

Front 69

Third leading cause of blindness
a. color blindness
b. diabetic retinopathy
c. retinitis pigmentosa

Back 69

b. diabetic retinopathy

Front 70

Loss of central vision due to destructive changes in macula

Back 70

macular degeneration

Front 71

Most common type of glaucoma
a. open angle
b. angle closure (narrow angle)

Back 71

a. open angle

Front 72

Meninges comprise what 3 membranous layers?

Back 72

dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater

Front 73

Periosteum is found in the __ where it receives its nutrients
a. dura mater
b. arachnoid mater
c. pia mater

Back 73

dura mater

Front 74

Sinuses drain into the
a. dura mater
b. arachnoid mater
c. pia mater

Back 74

dura mater

Front 75

Innermost layer
a. dura mater
b. arachnoid mater
c. pia mater

Back 75

pia, then arachnoid, then dura

Front 76

CSF is found in the __ space and is produced by the ___ in the ventricles

Back 76

subarachnoid space, choroid plexus

Front 77

Connects the lateral ventricle to the third ventricle
a. cerebral aqueduct of sylvius
b. foramen of luschka
c. foramen of magendie
d. cerebral aqueduct of sylvius

Back 77

foramen of monroe

Front 78

Connecting the 3rd vetricle with the 4th ventricle
a. cerebral aqueduct of sylvius
b. foramen of luschka
c. foramen of magendie
d. cerebral aqueduct of sylvius

Back 78

cerebral aqueduct of sylvius

Front 79

Areas through which CSF enters the subarachnoid space
a. cerebral aqueduct of sylvius
b. foramen of luschka
c. foramen of magendie
d. cerebral aqueduct of sylvius

Back 79

foramen of luschka
foramen of magendie

Front 80

CSF is produced by the __ plexus

Back 80

choroid

Front 81

Type of cells found in the choroid plexus (enriched with Na, K-ATPase on the apical surface)

Back 81

highly vascularized epithelial cells

Front 82

Which of the following transporters are found in the choroid plexus?
a. AQP1
b. Glut1/Na+
c. Oat3
d. P-glycoprotein

Back 82

a, b, c

Front 83

T/F Glucose concentration is higher in CSF

Back 83

F

Front 84

T/F Protein concentration is higher in plasma

Back 84

T

Front 85

T/F Cl concentration is higher in CSF

Back 85

T

Front 86

T/F Potassium concentration is higher in CFS

Back 86

F

Front 87

Increase in seretonin inc/dec CSF production

Back 87

decreases

Front 88

Production rate of CSF / day

Back 88

400-500 ml/day

Front 89

Ventricular / Arachnoid volume of CSF

Back 89

100-150 ml

Front 90

CSF is absorbed in the

Back 90

arachnoid villi

Front 91

T/F Bacterial meningitis has a better prognosis than viral meningitis

Back 91

F