Pbd, Exam#3

Front 1

hippocrates

Back 1

epilepsy - disease originated in the brain rather than curse from gods

Front 2

galen

Back 2

seizures are preceded by "aura"

Front 3

alexandros of tralleis

Back 3

alcohol can increase the risk of having seizures

Front 4

renaissance period

Back 4

more scientific approach to studying epilepsy

Front 5

s.tissot

Back 5

differentiation between idiopathic and symptomatic epilepsy

Front 6

j.jackson

Back 6

some seizures do not involve loss of consciousness

Front 7

v.horsley

Back 7

1st successful surgical intervention

Front 8

hans berger

Back 8

EEG

Front 9

name subtypes of simple partial seizures

Back 9

motor, sensory, autonomic, psychic

Front 10

petit mal seizure

Back 10

simple absense

Front 11

grand mal seizure

Back 11

tonic-clonic

Front 12

tonic-clonic seizures that occur in children between 3 months and 5 years old when they have a high fever.

Back 12

febrile seizures

Front 13

These are called ‘photosensitive seizures’.

Back 13

juvenile myoclonic

Front 14

Simple partial seizures, complex partial seizures, and secondarily generalized (e.g. evolving complex partial seizures) are all common in ________

Back 14

temporal lobe epilepsy

Front 15

Both simple and complex partial seizures may be observed in this type of epilepsy

Back 15

frontal lobe epilepsy

Front 16

synchronized activity is defined by _____frequency and _____amplitude

Back 16

low
high

Front 17

________are normal during drowsiness and early slow wave sleep, but a sign of brain dysfunction if present when awake

Back 17

delta
theta

Front 18

Each neuron in the seizure focus experiences a synchronized response called ____________

Back 18

paroxysmal depolarizing shift (PDS)

Front 19

___________normally works to contain a seizure focus and thus prevent spread of partial seizures.

Back 19

surround inhibition

Front 20

what is "centrencepalic hypothesis” ?

Back 20

suggested rapid generalization was due to rapid pacing by groups of neurons in thalamus or brainstem that project diffusely to the cortex.

Front 21

name components of amyloid plaques

Back 21

b-Amyloid peptides
Apolipoprotein E
Protease inhibitors
Complement proteins
Metal irons

Front 22

what do Lewy bodies contain?

Back 22

neurofilament proteins, lipids, ubiquitin and alpha-synuclein.

Front 23

characteristics of normal a-synuclein

Back 23

-normally unfolded
-synaptic vesicle recycling, storage and compartmentalization of neurotransmitters

Front 24

characteristics of mutated a-synuclein

Back 24

accumulated in Lewy bodies
toxicity to DA neurons
blocks normal protein trafficking
mitochondrial damage

Front 25

characteristics of normal parking

Back 25

protein ligase
Target misfolded proteins for degradation
protective function for dopamine neurons

Front 26

characteristics of mutated Parkin

Back 26

account for 50% of the autosomal recessive PD
lacks ligase activity
over expression is toxic to dopamine neurons

Front 27

normal characteristics of DJ1

Back 27

homodimer
antioxidant
upregulate tyrosine hydroxylase expression
Chaperone activity

Front 28

characteristics of mutated DJ1

Back 28

dimerization is prevented-L166P mutation

Front 29

characteristics of normal PINK1

Back 29

Has kinase activity

Front 30

characteristics of mutated PINK1

Back 30

May playing a role in mitochondrial dysfunction, protein stability and
aberrant kinase activation during PD pathogenesis.

Front 31

characteristics of normal LRRK2

Back 31

-synaptic vesicle recycling,
-neurite outgrowth,
-and normal functions of golgi, lysosomes and mitochondria.

Front 32

characteristics of mutated LRRK2

Back 32

increased kinase activity and appear
to lead to damage to dopamine neurons.

Front 33

functions of Htt gene

Back 33

Axonal vesicle transport
-- Integrity of postsynaptic/dendritic structures
-- Endocytosis
-- Anti-apoptosis
-- gene transcription

Front 34

what is "anticipation phenomenon" in Huntington's?

Back 34

decreasing onset age and increasing disease severity during successive paternal transmission.

Front 35

possible mechanism of mutated Htt

Back 35

Aggregation -> Reduced protein-protein interaction
-- Reduced gene transcription
-- Cellular dysfunctions (vesicle transport, axonal/dendritic)
-- Apoptosis

Front 36

name positive symptoms of Schizophrenia

Back 36

hallucinations
delusions
disorganized speech/formal though disorder
disorganized.bizarre/catatonic behavior

Front 37

what are negative symptoms of Schizophrenia

Back 37

alogia
affective blunting
anhedonia
avolution/amotivational

Front 38

what are the cognitive defects in Schizophrenia

Back 38

tangentiality
loss
of goals
incoherence
looseness of associations
neologism

Front 39

criteria for manic episode

Back 39

inflated self-esteem
more talkative
subjective feelings that thoughts are racing
distractability
increased goal oriented behavior
psychomotor agitation
excessive involvement in risky activities
mood disturbances

Front 40

name 3 distinct processes in addiction

Back 40

tolerance
physical dependence
abuse liability

Front 41

what is abstinence syndrome?

Back 41

opposite to initial drug effect

Front 42

type of tolerance when there is a lower concentration of drug at the site of action over time.

Back 42

dispositional, pharmacokinetics

Front 43

type of tolerance when there is the same concentration of drug at the site of action over time.

Back 43

functional, pharmacodynamics

Front 44

name some anxiety disorders

Back 44

• Acute Stress Disorder (acute psychological consequences of previous trauma)
• Agoraphobia (irrational fear of open spaces)
• Generalized Anxiety Disorder
• Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
• Panic Disorder
• Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
• Separation Anxiety Disorder (rational fear of separation from loved one)
• Social Phobia (irrational fear of embarrassment)
• Specific Phobia (other specific irrational fears)

Front 45

name some childhood disorders

Back 45

• Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
• Conduct Disorder (the Antisocial Personality Disorder of Childhood)
• Oppositional Defiant Disorder (not only for children)

Front 46

name some mood disorders

Back 46

• Bipolar I Disorder (mania with/without major depression)
• Bipolar II Disorder (hypomania with major depression)
• Cyclothymic Disorder (numerous brief episodes of hypomania and depression)
• Dysthymic Disorder (prolonged minor depression without mania/hypomania)
• Major Depressive Disorder (major depression without mania)

Front 47

name some personality disorders

Back 47

• Antisocial Personality Disorder (impulsive, aggressive, manipulative)
• Avoidant Personality Disorder (shy, timid, "inferiority complex")
• Borderline Personality Disorder (impulsive, self-destructive, unstable)
• Dependent Personality Disorder (dependent, submissive, clinging)
• Histrionic Personality Disorder (emotional, dramatic, theatrical)
• Narcissistic Personality Disorder (boastful, egotistical, "superiority complex")
• Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder (perfectionistic, rigid, controlling)
• Paranoid Personality Disorder (suspicious, distrustful)
• Schizoid Personality Disorder (socially distant, detached)
• Schizotypal Personality Disorder (odd, eccentric)

Front 48

name some psychotic disorders

Back 48

• Brief Psychotic Disorder
• Delusional Disorder
• Schizoaffective Disorder
• Schizophreniform Disorder
• Schizophrenia
• Shared Psychotic Disorder