Pbd Exam 2 Immune And Inflammatory Systems

Front 1

True/False
Binding of antigen to IgE antibody on the mast cell will stimulate an influx of calcium into the mast cell and subsequent degradation of the cell.

Back 1

True

Front 2

True/False
The cytotoxic activity of the killer T cells can be enhanced by exposure to cytokines, such as IL-2.

Back 2

True

Front 3

True/False
The Fab region of the antibody combines with the corresponding epitope on the antigen.

Back 3

True

Front 4

True/False
The three characteristic properties of the immune system are: memory, specificity, and self-recognition.

Back 4

True

Front 5

True/False
Amy is currently breastfeeding her infant daughter, Brooke. This is an example of a form of passive immunity.

Back 5

True

Front 6

True/False
Wound contraction is the final stage of reconstruction and occurs due to the action of the myofibroblasts of the granulation tissue.

Back 6

True

Front 7

True/False
Stable cells, such as liver cells and adrenal cortical cells, are continuously dividing cells, typically called stem cells.

Back 7

False. Labile cells.

Front 8

True/False
A granuloma is a highly vascularized tissue of healing that is rich in macrophages, myofibroblasts, angioblasts and fibroblasts.

Back 8

False. Granulation tissue is.

Front 9

True/False
For healing to proceed, the fibrin clot must be dissolved, which is a function of the fibrinolytic system.

Back 9

True

Front 10

True/False
Epithelialization is the process by which the clot or scab is dissolved and there is migration, proliferation and differentiation of epithelial cells to protect the wound.

Back 10

True

Front 11

True/False
One function of the angioblasts is to provide a route for scavenger cells to remove scab and tissue debris

Back 11

True

Front 12

True/False
Tumor necrosis factor is a cytokine that can reduce angiogenesis.

Back 12

False. enhances.

Front 13

True/False
Platelet activating factor can recruit eosinophils into bronchial mucosa.

Back 13

True

Front 14

True/False
Interferon is a cytokine that has the ability to inhibit viral replication in the cell that it is synthesized in.

Back 14

False. in the surrounding cells.

Front 15

True/False
Macrophages are the cell type that mainly produce thromboxanes.

Back 15

False. Platelets are.

Front 16

True/False
Interleukins are cytokines that can be synthesized and released from macrophages and one of these interleukins is considered an endogenous pyrogen.

Back 16

True

Front 17

Which of the cardinal signs of inflammation results from an increased blood flow in the affected area?
a. swelling
b. fever
c. pain
d. redness
e. loss of function

Back 17

d. redness

Front 18

True/False
Stimulation of the mast cell allows for an influx of calcium into the cell that raises the intracellular levels of cAMP and results in degranulation of the cell.

Back 18

False. decreases the levels of cAMP.

Front 19

True/False
Aryl sulfatase B is an enzyme that is released from the mast cell and will degrade interleukins, thus acting to inhibit aspects of inflammation.

Back 19

False. from the eosinophil and will degrade leukotrienes.

Front 20

True/False
Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) can inhibit the release of histamine from the mast cell.

Back 20

True

Front 21

True/False
Tumor necrosis factor is a cytokine that can enhance angiogenesis.

Back 21

True

Front 22

True/False
The Hageman Factor is a blood protein, which is activated upon exposure to collagen and can stimulate the production of plasmin and the eventual breakdown of a clot.

Back 22

True

Front 23

_____________ are a class of cytokine that is important in the development of fever.

Back 23

Interleukins

Front 24

____________ and ____________ are common events at the site of a chronic inflammation.

Back 24

Necrosis
fibrosis

Front 25

True/False
Aryl sulfatase B is released from the mast cell and inhibits the actions of eosinophils.

Back 25

False. released from eosinophils. inhibits the actions of leukotrienes.

Front 26

True/False
Cytokines are peptide cell regulators that are produced constitutively in inflammatory cells such as lymphocytes, macrophages, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts and they function as regulators of the inflammatory and immune reactions.

Back 26

True

Front 27

True/False
In order to activate the complement system you need to have prior contact with the pathogen.

Back 27

False. you do not need to.

Front 28

True/False
Reduction in alpha antitrypsin enzyme would result in greater tissue damage during the inflammatory response.

Back 28

True

Front 29

True/False
The complement system plays an important role in PMN function associated with inflammation, such as opsonization and chemotaxis.

Back 29

True

Front 30

True/False
Neutrophils are a type of WBC that can inhibit processes of the inflammation system. They can release enzymes that can increase the degradation of interleukins.

Back 30

False. can stimulate processes.

Front 31

True/False
Your platelet count is 15,000 uL. This would suggest that your are at a greater risk for excessive clot formation.

Back 31

False. greater risk for bleeding.

Front 32

True/False
Cells in the blood that probably function in the same way as tissue mast cells are called basophils.

Back 32

True

Front 33

True/False
PMN's, eosinophils and monocytes are granulocyte cells of inflammatory responses.

Back 33

False. PMN's and eisinophils only are

Front 34

True/False
A person would be considered neutropenic if his cell count is below 1500-2000 cellslpl.

Back 34

True

Front 35

True/False
You visit your doctor and he informs you that your ESR is measured at 25 mm/hr. This rate is higher than normal and is suggestive that you may be having an inflammatory
response.

Back 35

True

Front 36

True/False
Histamine, via action at the H1 receptor, can reduce degranulation of the mast cell.

Back 36

False. can contract smooth muscle (other than vascular).

Front 37

True/False
The major difference between exudation and transudation is the amount of protein in the fluid that leaves the vasculature compartment and enters the interstitial compartment is higher with an exudate.

Back 37

True

Front 38

True/False
Platelets are the major source (cell type) for prostacyclins.

Back 38

False. Vascular endothelial cells are the.

Front 39

True/False
Cytokines are induced in most inflammatory cells (i.e. macrophages, PMNs).

Back 39

True.

Front 40

Which fraction of the complement system plays a central role in all three of the active pathways? _______________

Back 40

C3

Front 41

__________ is the term that is used to describe how complement or antibodies enhance phagocytosis.

Back 41

Opsonization

Front 42

What is the major product of the clotting system?

Back 42

fibrin

Front 43

True/False
Histamine, via action at the H2 receptor, can reduce degranulation of the mast cell.

Back 43

True

Front 44

True/False
The major difference between exudation and transudation is the amount of fluid that leaves the vasculature compartment and enters the interstitial compartment is higher with an exudate.

Back 44

False. the amount of protein in the fluid.

Front 45

True/False
Platelets are the major source (cell type) for thromboxanes.

Back 45

True

Front 46

True/False
Cytokines are constitutively produced in most inflammatory cells (i.e. macrophages, PMNs).

Back 46

False. are induced in most.

Front 47

What is the major enzyme of the clotting system? ______________

Back 47

Thrombin

Front 48

True/False
Fever is one of the cardinal signs of inflammation.

Back 48

False. is not.

Front 49

Identify the type of white blood cell that fits the description -
comprises 25-35% of WBCs, functions in immunity: ___________________

Back 49

Lymphocytes

Front 50

Identify the type of white blood cell that fits the description -
the largest WBC, become macrophages and function in chronic inflammation and the healing process: _____________________

Back 50

Monocytes

Front 51

True/False
All three pathways of the complement system merge at the activation of the C5 fragment.

Back 51

False. C3.

Front 52

______________ is a protein that is found in the blood that is activated once exposed to collagen.

Back 52

Hageman factor

Front 53

Which of the Cox enzymes is primarily found in the nuclear region of the cell and is induced during the inflammatory response? ______________

Back 53

Cox 2

Front 54

Aryl sulfatase B is released from the eosinophil and mediates the degradation of _____________.

Back 54

Leukotrienes

Front 55

True/False
Histamine, via action on the H2 receptor, can reduce degranulation of the mast cell.

Back 55

True

Front 56

True/False
The major difference between exudation and transudation is in the amount of fluid that leaves the vasculature compartment and enters the interstitial compartment.

Back 56

False. amount of proteins in the fluid.

Front 57

True/False
The C3 component has a central role in all three pathways of the complement system.

Back 57

True

Front 58

The Hageman factor is a blood protein, which is activated upon exposure to ___________.

Back 58

collagen

Front 59

Which of the Cox enzymes is constitutively made and found primarily in the cytoplasm ? ___________

Back 59

Cox 1

Front 60

What substance is released from the eosinophil that degrades leukotreines: ________________.

Back 60

aryl sulfatase B

Front 61

During inflammation, substances made from arachidonic acid hnction to perform which of the following actions?
a. Alter the vasculature.
b. Act as chemotaxic agents.
c. Alter platelet aggregation.
d. Activate the margination of leukocytes
e. a, b, and c are correct.

Back 61

e. a, b, and c are correct.

Front 62

Which of the following statement(s) about the exudative process is FALSE?
a. During the exudative process there is both an increase in hydrostatic pressure in the vessel and an increase in vascular permeability.
b. Protein concentration of the exudates can reach levels of 5 g%.
c. In the process of pavementation , adhesion molecules on leukocyte (integrin) and endothelium (selectin family of adhesion molecule proteins) assists in the "sticking" of the WBC to the endothelial cell.
d. The major difference between exudation and transudation is in the amount of fluid that leaves the vessel and enters the interstitial compartment
e. margination the electrochemical charges on the cells and endothelium are lost.

Back 62

d. The major difference between exudation and transudation is in the amount of fluid that leaves the vessel and enters the interstitial compartment

Front 63

Which of the following statement/s is/are False with regard to the kinin system?
a. Bradykinin can increase the permeability of the vessel.
b. Bradykinin can stimulate nerve endings resulting in pain.
c. Bradykinin can activate complement.
d. The kinin system can be activated as result of collagen injury.
e. Bradykinin is a stimulator of mast cell degranulation.

Back 63

e. Bradykinin is a stimulator of mast cell degranulation.

Front 64

Which of the following statement(s) islare FALSE with regards to the clotting system?
a. Serves in the inflammatory system to stop the movement of cells from the plasma to the interstitial area.
b. Serves to inhibit the spread of the inflammation and infection.
c. Serve to provide the framework for the final stage of inflammation, healing.
d. Can be stimulated by both an intrinsic and faster extrinsic pathway.
e. Results in the generation of plasmin.

Back 64

e. Results in the generation of plasmin.

Front 65

Which of the following statements about the complement system is FALSE?
a. Can be activated by interactions of antigens and antibodies.
b. Can act to stimulate the release of histamine and eosinophil chemotactic factor from the mast cell.
c. The C5 component has a central role in all three pathways of the complement system.
d. Are important vasodilators of vessels in the inflammatory response.
e. Can be inactivated by carboxypeptidases.

Back 65

c. The C5 component has a central role in all three pathways of the complement system.

Front 66

Which of the following statement(s) about the chemical mediators in acute inflammation islare FALSE?
a. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) can decrease histamine release from the mast cell.
b. Prostacyclins (PGI2) can inhibit thromboxanes and vasodilate vessels.
c. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) can vasodilate vessels and potentiate the actions of kinins on pain and permeability.
d. Interleukins basically act like histamine, but their effects are longer lasting.
e. All the above are true.

Back 66

d. Interleukins basically act like histamine, but their effects are longer lasting.

Front 67

Which of the following statement(s) is/are TRUE about histamine?
a. Can be released from mast cells or basophils upon mechanical injury to these particular cells
b. When bound to a H2 receptor, it can reduce portions of the inflammatory response.
c. Histamine release can be inhibited by agents that elevate the intracellular levels of CAMP.
d. It dilates and increases the permeability of vessels.
e. All of the above are true

Back 67

e. All of the above are true

Front 68

Which of the following islare FALSE with respect to body defense mechanism?
a. Tears, ciliary action, coughing, urination (eliminate via a mechanical clearance) are considered first line mechanical defense barriers.
b. Fever is one of the cardinal signs of inflammation
c. Inflammation is considered a nonspecific, rapidly acting body defense system.
d. Redness would be the first cardinal sign observed for an inflammatory response found on the body surface.

Back 68

b. Fever is one of the cardinal signs of inflammation

Front 69

Which of the following statement(s) is/are TRUE:
a. Granuloma tissue can be formed if neutrophils cannot effectively destroy the microorganism.
b. Chronic inflammation is characterized by dense infiltration of macrophages plasma cells, fibroblasts and lymphocytes
c. Necrosis and fibrosis are common events at the site of a chronic inflammation
d. Granuloma formation begins when macrophages differentiate into large epithelioid cells
e. All the above are true

Back 69

e. All the above are true

Front 70

Which of the following statement(s) about the systemic manifestations of inflammation is/are TRUE?
a. Leukotrienes are released from the cells at the inflammatory site and have an action in the brain to produce a febrile response.
b. An increase in eosinophils in the exudate would be seen in individuals with infectious mononucleosis or rubella.
c. Interleukins, which are released from the cells at an inflammatory site, stimulate the pituitary to release ACTH, which enhance the inflammatory response.
d. During an inflammatory response there is an increase in C-reactive protein and a decrease in erythrocyte sedimentation rate.
e. Components of the complement system can stimulate leukocytosis.

Back 70

e. Components of the complement system can stimulate leukocytosis.

Front 71

Which of the following are considered systemic manifestations associated with the inflammatory response:
a. Agranulocytosis
b. Changes in plasma proteins
c. decrease in the sedimentation rate of the red blood cell
d. The increase in temperature at the injured site.
e. Only b and d are correct.

Back 71

b. Changes in plasma proteins

Front 72

Which of the following is/are TRUE statement(s) with respect to defects in leukocytic function:
a. Corticosteroids administration would be considered intrinsic factors, which inhibit leukolytic locomotion
b. Chronic Granulomatous Disease occurs in individuals with dysfunctional macrophages that have been infected with a catalase negative bacteria.
c. Patients with deficiencies in their complement system could have dysfunctions in the chemotaxis of WBC as well as the phagocytic action of the WBC.
d. Chemotactic factor inactivators (CFI) can decrease migration of leukocytes. These CFI's are elevated patients with Hodgkin's disease.
e. Only c and d are correct.

Back 72

e. Only c and d are correct.

Front 73

Which of the following statement(s) islare FALSE with regard to the kinin system?
a. Bradykinin can increase the permeability of the vessel.
b. Bradykinin can stimulate nerve endings resulting in pain.
c. Bradykinin can activate complement.
d. The kinin system can be activated as result of collagen injury.
e. Bradykinin is a stimulator of mast cell degranulation.

Back 73

e. Bradykinin is a stimulator of mast cell degranulation.

Front 74

Which of the following statement(s) about the acute inflammation and the
reconstructive phase of repair is/are TRUE:
a. Fibrin unites the wound edges, provides a meshwork for collagen, and seals the wound.
b. Epithelialization is part of the healing process that is stimulated by secretions from lymphocytes.
c. Myofibroblasts, which are stimulated by macrophages, synthesize and secrete collagen
d. Macrophages clear the area of debris and secrete mediators such as fibroblast activating factor, and an angiogenesis factor
e. a and d are true

Back 74

e. a and d are true

Front 75

Which of the following is/are FALSE for immunodeficiency diseases?
a. The most common hypogammaglobulinemia disorder is a deficiency of IgA and most of the patients are asymptomatic.
b. In SCID there is an overwhelming susceptibility to infection since there is a reduction in both the T and B cell portions of the immune system.
c. Can be induced by various types of drug therapy, especially in the treatment of cancer patients.
d. Bruton's disorder can be diagnosed within a couple of months of birth since these children have no antibodies and will have repeated viral infections.
e. Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome is characterized by a triad of symptoms which include: eczema, recurrent bacterial infections, and thrombocytopenia

Back 75

d. Bruton's disorder can be diagnosed within a couple of months of birth since these children have no antibodies and will have repeated viral infections.

Front 76

Which of the following statement(s) islare TRUE with respect to the immune system?
a. IgG's are the most abundant of the immunoglobulins and are the only ones that can cross the placental membrane.
b. IgE's are cytophilic and are involved in degranulation of the mast cell.
c. IgM and IgG are two classes of immunoglobulin that can activate complement
d. IgA is an immunoglobulin, which when significantly reduced, has been implicated in ATOPIC individuals.
e. All of the above are true

Back 76

e. All of the above are true

Front 77

Which of the following conditions can be associated with an X-linked inheritance?
a. Gout
b. Bruton's Disease
c. DiGeorge's Syndrome
d. SCID
e. Only a, b, and d are correct

Back 77

e. Only a, b, and d are correct

Front 78

Of the four SGD diseases, which of the following involves a mutation of a gene on the X chromosome that codes for a protein that links the sarcolemmal cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix:
a. multiple sclerosis
b. malignant hyperthermia
c. muscular dystrophy
d. myasthenia gravis
e. none of the above

Back 78

c. muscular dystrophy

Front 79

Of the four SGD diseases, which of the following would be treated with
3 cholinesterase inhibitors:
a. multiple sclerosis
b. malignant hyperthermia
c. muscular dystrophy
d. myasthenia gravis
e. none of the above

Back 79

d. myasthenia gravis

Front 80

T cells are activated; granuloma is formed. Chronic inflammatory response. Surround and destroy offending agent. This is matched to the following type of hypersensitivity (mode of tissue injury):
a. Type 1
b. Type 2
c. Type 3
d. Type 4

Back 80

d. Type 4

Front 81

Immune complex (Ab-Ag) is formed; surrounding (healthy) area is destroyed. This is matched to the following type of hypersensitivity (mode of tissue injury):
a. Type 1
b. Type 2
c. Type 3
d. Type 4

Back 81

c. Type 3

Front 82

Delayed response. This is matched to the following type of hypersensitivity (mode of tissue injury):
a. Type 1
b. Type 2
c. Type 3
d. Type 4

Back 82

d. Type 4

Front 83

Basically Cytotoxic damage. This is matched to the following type of hypersensitivity (mode of tissue injury):
a. Type 1
b. Type 2
c. Type 3
d. Type 4

Back 83

b. Type 2

Front 84

Anaphylaxis response - vasodilation, itchy skin, bronchial constriction. This is matched to the following type of hypersensitivity (mode of tissue injury):
a. Type 1
b. Type 2
c. Type 3
d. Type 4

Back 84

a. Type 1

Front 85

Poison ivy response. This is matched to the following type of hypersensitivity (mode of tissue injury):
a. Type 1
b. Type 2
c. Type 3
d. Type 4

Back 85

d. Type 4

Front 86

Rejection of tissue or donor organ grafts. This is matched to the following type of hypersensitivity (mode of tissue injury):
a. Type 1
b. Type 2
c. Type 3
d. Type 4

Back 86

d. Type 4

Front 87

Found in atopic individuals. This is matched to the following type of hypersensitivity (mode of tissue injury):
a. Type 1
b. Type 2
c. Type 3
d. Type 4

Back 87

a. Type 1

Front 88

Clinically could have increased ESR, fever, and glomerulonephritis. This is matched to the following type of hypersensitivity (mode of tissue injury):
a. Type 1
b. Type 2
c. Type 3
d. Type 4

Back 88

c. Type 3

Front 89

Which has the following characteristic: Biggest antibody.
A. IgG
B. IgA
C. IgM
D. IgE
E. IgD

Back 89

C. IgM

Front 90

Which has the following characteristic: Most abundant antibody; circulates in fluids; responds to antibacterial and antiviral
infections and to toxins.
A. IgG
B. IgA
C. IgM
D. IgE
E. IgD

Back 90

A. IgG

Front 91

Which has the following characteristic: Binds to mast cells.
A. IgG
B. IgA
C. IgM
D. IgE
E. IgD

Back 91

D. IgE

Front 92

Which has the following characteristic: Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction.
A. IgG
B. IgA
C. IgM
D. IgE
E. IgD

Back 92

D. IgE

Front 93

Which of the following processes can lead to leukocytosis:
a. After strenuous exercise
b. A result of activation of complement during an infection
c. During a sympathetic activation
d. All of the above are true
e. Only a and c are correct.

Back 93

d. All of the above are true

Front 94

The hallmarks of chronic inflammation are:
a. Redness
b. Fibrosis
c. Heat
d. Necrosis
e. b and d

Back 94

e. b and d

Front 95

Which of the following statements is/are TRUE about chronic inflammation:
a. Chronic inflammation is characterized by dense infiltration of macrophages and lymphocytes
b. Chronic inflammation can be considered a state of "frustrated healing".
c. In chronic inflammation macrophages can fuse into giant cells, which are active phagocytes.
d. Lymphocytes, fibroblasts, myofibroblasts and plasma cells are the major cell types that make up the granuloma.
e. Only a, b, and c are correct

Back 95

e. Only a, b, and c are correct

Front 96

Which of the following statements about the systemic manifestations of inflammation is/are TRUE:
a. Interleukins are released from the cells of the inflammatory site and have an action in the brain to produce a febrile response.
b. An increase in eosinophils in the exudate would be seen in individuals with infectious mononucleosis or rubella.
c. Interleukins, which are released from the cells of an inflammatory site, causes the pituitary to release ACTH, which is part of a negative feedback loop between the endocrine and inflammatory systems.
d. During an inflammatory response there is an increase in serum anti- inflammatory proteins and a decrease in erythrocyte sedimentation rate.
e. a and c are true.

Back 96

e. a and c are true.

Front 97

Which of the following conditions could contribute to the slowing and/or stoppage of the exudative phase of acute inflammation:
a. Blood platelets plug up the leaky vasculature
b. Tissue pressure exceeds that of the leakage pressure of the vessel.
c. Histamine-like leakage subsides.'
d. Inciting agent has been removed.
e. All of the above are correct

Back 97

e. All of the above are correct

Front 98

Which of the following statements is/are TRUE with respect to defects in leukocyte function:
a. Corticosteroids administration would be considered an intrinsic factor that inhibits leukocyte locomotion.
b. Chronic Granulotomas Disease (CGD) occurs in individuals with dysfunctional macrophages that have been infected with catalase positive bacteria.
c. Chemotaxtic factor inactivators (CFI) can decrease migration of leukocytes. These CFIs are elevated in Hodgkin's disease.
d. Defective phagocytosis can be due to normal processes of the complement and immune systems.
e. a, b and c are true.

Back 98

c. Chemotaxtic factor inactivators (CFI) can decrease migration of leukocytes. These CFIs are elevated in Hodgkin's disease.

Front 99

Which of the following statements is FALSE about the clotting system:
a. Thrombin is a major enzyme.
b. Hageman factor is activated by exposure of collagen during endothelial injury.
c. Fibrin is the end product of the clotting cascade.
d. Plasmin is an active protein in the formation of the clot.
e. a and c are false.

Back 99

d. Plasmin is an active protein in the formation of the clot.

Front 100

Which of the following is a TRUE statement with respect to the function of the clotting system in the inflammatory response.
a. Prevents the spread of infection and inflammation to other sites.
b. Keeps the microorganisms and foreign bodies in the site of greatest phagocytic activity.
c. Forms a clot that stops bleeding.
d. Provides the framework for future repair and healing.
e. All of the above are true

Back 100

e. All of the above are true

Front 101

Activation of the complement system produces compounds that can:
a. Opsonize bacteria
b. Decrease chemotaxis of leukocytes
c. Induce mast cell degranulation, i.e. are anaphylatoxins
d. All the above are true
e. Only a and c are true

Back 101

e. Only a and c are true

Front 102

Which of the following is a FALSE statement about the cyclooxygenase pathway:
a. This pathway is responsible for the generation of interleukins.
b. The selective Cox 2 enzyme is found mainly in endothelial cells and is induced by cytokines in response to stress or injury.
c. Inhibition of the Cox 2 enzyme is more selective for blocking the production of prostacylins than thromboxanes.
d. Selective Cox-1 enzymes are constitutive and found mainly in platelets.
e. a, b, and c are false.

Back 102

a. This pathway is responsible for the generation of interleukins.

Front 103

Which of the following islare TRUE about the mast cell:
a. Degranulation can be stimulated by chemical agents, physical injury, complement and IgEs.
b. Reduction of cyclic AMP will stabilize the mast cell and prevent degranulation.
c. The mast cell contains preformed chemicals that include histamine, ECF-A and neutrophil chemotactic factor.
d. Stimulation of HI receptors can suppress degranulation.
e. only a and c are true

Back 103

e. only a and c are true

Front 104

Which of the cardinal signs of inflammation would primarily result from an increase in capillary permeability in the affected area.
a. Swelling
b. Heat
c. Pain
d. Redness

Back 104

a. Swelling

Front 105

Which of the following statements is/are TRUE about inflammation:
a. Inflammation is a process that occurs in vascular tissue.
b. It is a nonspecific response that occurs more rapidly upon repeated injury.
c. It is a self limiting process which is composed of both local and systemic responses.
d. It is synonymous with infection.
e. a and c are both true

Back 105

e. a and c are both true

Front 106

Which of the following statements is FALSE for immunodeficiency diseases:
a. In SCID there is an overwhelming susceptibility of infection since there is a reduction in both the T and B portions of the immune system.
b. Can be a result of disorders of the complement system.
c. Can be congenital (primary) or acquired (secondary).
d. In DiGeorge's syndrome, the patients are usually males (since it is an x-linked disease) and are hyperthyroid.

Back 106

d. In DiGeorge's syndrome, the patients are usually males (since it is an x-linked disease) and are hyperthyroid.

Front 107

Which statement is true for an immunodeficiency disease such.as Bruton's agammaglobulinemia:
a. Can be diagnosed shortly after birth (within 4-6 weeks) by a higher incidence of bacterial infections.
b. It is characterized by frequent bacterial infections.
c. Patients have a hypoplastic (small or absent) thymus gland.
d. Patient has a reduction in both the B and T immune systems.
e. It is classified as an autosomal dominant disorder.

Back 107

b. It is characterized by frequent bacterial infections.

Front 108

A patient with a complement mediated immune response is undergoing opsonization.
Opsonization primarily aids in:
a. Lysis of the cell membrane
b. Targeting the antigen for the antibody
c. Degranulation of mast cells
d. Chemical attraction of leukotreines

Back 108

b. Targeting the antigen for the antibody

Front 109

My daughter is now breastfeeding her infant. The infant (Laura) is receiving
a. innate immunity
b. passive immunity
c. active immunity
d. humoral immunity

Back 109

b. passive immunity

Front 110

True/False
The granulation tissue of healing is a highly vascularized connective tissue composed of mainly macrophages, myofibroblasts, angioblasts and fibroblasts.

Back 110

True

Front 111

True/False
Stable cells are those that are incapable of replication. Therefore, tissues containing these cell types undergo repair processes of inflammation instead of regeneration.

Back 111

False. are discontinuous replicators.

Front 112

True/False
There is selective increase in lymphocytes over other WBCs in conditions such as allergies, ascarlet fever and cholera.

Back 112

False. There is a selective increase in eosinophils.

Front 113

True/False
Alpha antitrypsin is an enzyme released by the liver that inhibits the destructive effects of many of the enzymes released from WBCs during the inflammatory process.

Back 113

True

Front 114

True/False
Vasopressin may be an endogenous antipyretic agent whereas interleukin 1 is an endogenous pyrogen.

Back 114

True

Front 115

True/False
Granuloma formation begins when macrophages differentiate into epithelioid cells.

Back 115

True

Front 116

True/False
The main difference between an exudate and a transudate is that the exudate contains a higher concentration of osmotic particles (more protein) in the interstitial fluid than does the transudate.

Back 116

True

Front 117

True/False
Cells in the blood that probably function in the same way as tissue mast cells are called monocytes.

Back 117

False. are called basophils.

Front 118

True/False
Margination is the process by which cells stick to the endothelium prior to the migration out of the vascular bed into the inflammatory site.

Back 118

False. Pavementation.

Front 119

True/False
PMN's, eosinophils and basophils are granulocyte cells of inflammatory responses.

Back 119

True

Front 120

True/False
The complement system plays an important role in cytokine function associated with inflammation, such as opsonization and chemotaxis.

Back 120

False. The complement system does not play an important role in cytokine function, and is associated with.

Front 121

True/False
Leukotriene agonists can be an effective therapy for asthma.

Back 121

False. antagonists.

Front 122

True/False
Interferons are substances that are produced and released from cells infected with a virus. They can then make antiviral proteins, which will not allow the virus to survive in the infected cell.

Back 122

False. but will allow the virus to survive in the infected cell.

Front 123

True/False
Tumor necrosis factor can decrease angiogenesis.

Back 123

False. increase angiogenesis.

Front 124

True/False
Prostaglandins can act as either vasodilators or vasconstrictors, depending on the subtype of prostaglandin and the receptor type found on effector cells.

Back 124

True

Front 125

True/False
Prostacyclins are produced mainly from vascular endothelium and they function to relax blood vessels.

Back 125

True

Front 126

True/False
Eosinophils are a type of WBC that can inhibit processes of the inflammatory system. They can release enzymes which increase the degradation of interleukins.

Back 126

False. degradation of leukotrienes.

Front 127

True/False
Histamine contracts endothelial cells lining the vessel, which results in increased permeability and eventually exudation.

Back 127

True

Front 128

True/False
The most frequently encountered immunodeficiency is a deficiency of IgA's in which many of the patients may be asymptomatic.

Back 128

True

Front 129

True/False
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome is an x-linked disease characterized b y a triad of symptoms which include eczema, recurrent bacterial infections, and thrombocytopenia.

Back 129

True

Front 130

True/False
Haptens alone can initiate an immune response.

Back 130

False. cannot.

Front 131

True/False
10-15% of the T lymphocytes are known as natural killer cells and they can function in the immune response without prior sensitization.

Back 131

True

Front 132

True/False
The Fc region of the antibody combines with a particular epitope present on the antigen.

Back 132

False. The Fab region.

Front 133

True/False
The immune system has certain characteristic properties that distinguish it from the inflammatory system. These are: specificity, self-recognition and hypersensitivity.

Back 133

False. specificity, self-recognition and memory.

Front 134

True/False
For an adult male, 1-20 cm/hr would be considered a normal ESR.

Back 134

False. For an adult female, 1-20 mm/hr

Front 135

True/False
The major substance produced by the clotting system is thrombin; and it would help to limit the spread of infection and inflammation.

Back 135

False. is fibrin;

Front 136

True/False
The intrinsic coagulation pathway begins when blood comes into contact with the collagen exposed in injured blood vessel walls.

Back 136

True

Front 137

True/False
Of the different prostaglandins, macrophages would produce mainly PGE2's and mast cells would mainly produce prostacylins.

Back 137

False. mast cells would mainly produce PGD2's.

Front 138

True/False
Thromboxanes, which can be produced in platelets, cause vasoconstriction and promote the degranulation and aggregation of platelets.

Back 138

True

Front 139

True/False
One protein that is increased during the inflammatory response is alpha 1-antitrypsin enzyme. This enzyme helps to protect against tissue damage at the inflammatory site.

Back 139

True

Front 140

True/False
Killer T cells are lymphocytes that are part of the immune system and are not induced to proliferate when the host is immunized with a particular antigen.

Back 140

False. Natural Killer cells.

Front 141

True/False
When an individual is injected with tetanus toxoid (toxin) they are stimulated to produce their own antibodies. This would be an example of active immunity.

Back 141

True

Front 142

True/False
The precise definition of neutropenia is a white blood count that is less than 200 cells/ul.

Back 142

False. less than 1500-2000 cells/ul.

Front 143

True/False
The protein content of an exudate can be approximately 10 times higher than that found in a normal transudate.

Back 143

True

Front 144

True/False
Fever is one of the cardinal signs of inflammation.

Back 144

False. is not.

Front 145

True/False
In Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome the defect is an inability of the immune system to respond to a polysaccharide antigen, thus IgM antibody production is depressed.

Back 145

True

Front 146

True/False
Primary or congenital immunodeficiency occurs if lymphocyte development is arrested or disrupted in the embryo or fetus.

Back 146

True

Front 147

True/False
Eosinophils are granulocytes that can produce substances that can inhibit processes of the inflammation system.

Back 147

True

Front 148

True/False
Basophils are a type of white blood cell that function similarly to the mast cells found in tissues.

Back 148

True

Front 149

True/False
Your platelet count is 250,000/uL. This would suggest that you are at a greater risk for excessive clot formation.

Back 149

False. that your are not at greater risk for excessive clot formation.

Front 150

The cyclooxygenase pathway is responsible for generating which of the following mediators of inflammation:
a. Prostaglandins
b. Leukotrienes
c. Thromboxanes
d. Platelet Activating Factor
e. All the above
f. Only a, b and c
g. Only a and c

Back 150

g. Only a and c

Front 151

The Cox enzymes have different locations and stimuli. Which of the following statements is/are TRUE:
a. Cox I enzyme is located primarily in the cytoplasm and is important in renal and GI function.
b. Cox 2 enzyme is the one primarily involved in the synthesis of PGI2.
c. The Cox 2 enzyme can be induced by various cytokines.
d. Cox 2 enzymes are made constitutively and are located in the nuclear regions of the cell.
e. All the above are correct
f. a, b, and c are correct
g. Only a and c are correct
h.. Only b and d are correct

Back 151

f. a, b, and c are correct

Front 152

Which of the cardinal signs of inflammation results primarily from an increased blood flow in the affected area:
a. Swelling
b. Heat
c. Pain
d. Redness
e. all are correct
f. a and c
g. b and d

Back 152

g. b and d

Front 153

Which of the following statements is/are correct?
a. Platelet activating factor and leukotrienes can contribute to bronchial asthma.
b. Aspirin can reduce inflammation processes by inhibiting the production of leukotrienes.
c. Bradykinin increases vascular permeability, causing pain and swelling.
d. Tumor necrosis factor is species specific and is synthesized in response to viral stimuli.
e. All are correct statements
f. Only a, b, and c are correct.
g. Only a and c are correct.

Back 153

g. Only a and c are correct.

Front 154

Which of the following statements would be true for PGE2?
a. Important in the development of fever,
b. Decrease the release of histamine from the mast cell.
c. Vasodilate and increase vascular permeability,
d. Decrease lysosomal enzyme release
e. All the above are true
f. Only a and c are true
g. Only b and d are true

Back 154

e. All the above are true

Front 155

Complement is a group of several proteins produced in the liver that can:
a. Be activated by antigen-antibody interaction.
b. Be activated by the generation of plasmin.
c. Can mediate vasodilation and increased permeability in the vasculature.
d. Can function to degranulate mast cells.
e. Can be chemotactic and act as opsonins.
f. All of the above are true
g Only a, c and e are true.

Back 155

f. All of the above are true

Front 156

Which of the following statement(s) is/are TRUE with regard to the kinin system?
a. Bradykinin can increase the permeability of the vessel,
b. Bradykinin can stimulate nerve endings resulting in pain,
c. Bradykinin can activate complement.
d. Bradykinin works through the Bl receptor that is induced during inflammation,
e. Bradykinin can be activated by factor XIIa.
f. All of the above are true
g. Only a, b and c are true.

Back 156

f. All of the above are true

Front 157

Which of the following statement(s) is/are TRUE about histamine?
a. Histamine release can be inhibited by agents that elevate the intracellular level of cGMP of
the mast cell.
b. Physical or chemical injury to either mast cells or basophils can result in the release of histamine.
c. When bound to a HI receptor, histamine can reduce portions of the inflammatory response,
d. Histamine is a rapidly acting vasodilator and it increases the permeability of vessels by contracting endothelial cells.
e. b and d are true
f. All the above statements are true

Back 157

e. b and d are true

Front 158

Which of the following statement(s) about the exudative process is/are correct?
a. During the exudative process there is both an increase in hydrostatic pressure and an increase
in vascular permeability of the vessel.
b. In the process of pavementation, integrin adhesion molecules on leukocyte attach to selectin
molecules on the endothelium.
c. In margination, the electrochemical charges on the endothelium are neutralized,
d. Agents such as interleukins and leukotrienes have been implicated in the pavementation process.
e. All of the above are true statements
f. Only a and c are correct.

Back 158

e. All of the above are true statements

Front 159

Which of the following is/are TRUE statement(s) with respect to defects in leukocytic function,
a. Patients with deficiencies in their complement system could have dysfunctions in the chemotaxis of WBC as well as the phagocytic action of the WBC.
b. Corticosteroid administration would be considered an extrinsic factor, which could inhibit leukolytic locomotion
c. Chronic Granulomatous Disease occurs in individuals with dysfunctional PMN's that have been infected with a catalase positive bacteria.
d. Individuals undergoing chemotherapy run the risk of developing neutropenia.
e. All of the above are true statements
f. Only A and D are correct.

Back 159

e. All of the above are true statements

Front 160

Which of the follow statement(s) about chronic inflammation is/are FALSE?
a. Fibrosis and necrosis are common events at the inflammatory site,
b. Granuloma formation begins when the macrophages differentiate into epithelioid cells,
c. Major cell types commonly seen in a chronic inflammatory site are plasma cells, fibroblasts, macrophages and lymphocytes,
d. Macrophages can differentiate into giant cells, which have a longer half life than a normal macrophage.

Back 160

d. Macrophages can differentiate into giant cells, which have a longer half life than a normal macrophage.

Front 161

Inflammation is composed of both local and systemic processes. Which of the following statements would be TRUE of the systemic manifestations?
a. An increase in lymphocytes at the inflammatory site would be observed in conditions like rubella,
b. Leukocytosis is a systemic manifestation and actions of complement can stimulate an increase in the number of WBC.
c. Endogenous pyrogens have actions that result in a regulated increase in body temperature,
d. Pituitary secretions result in the release of cytokines from the adrenal gland that inhibit the systemic spread of the inflammatory response
e. All statements are true
f. Only a, b and c are true.

Back 161

f. Only a, b and c are true.

Front 162

Which of the following statement is/are FALSE with respect to the immune system?
a. IgG's are the most abundant of the immunoglobulins and are the only ones that can cross the placenta membrane.
b. IgE's are cytophilic and are involved in degranulation of the mast cell,
c. IgM and IgG are two classes of immunoglobulin that can activate complement
d. IgA is an immunoglobulin, which when significantly reduced, has been implicated in ATOPIC individuals.
e. IgA's can fix complement, which is part of the mechanism by which they prevent viral attachment to epithelial cells.

Back 162

e. IgA's can fix complement, which is part of the mechanism by which they prevent viral attachment to epithelial cells.

Front 163

Which of the following is an / (are) example(s) of an allergic response with the humoral component of the immunologic system:
a. Atopic dermatitis
b. Glomerulonephritis
c. Rheumatoid arthritis
d. Contact dermatitis
e. All of the above
f. Only a, b, and c

Back 163

f. Only a, b, and c

Front 164

Mr. T received an antibiotic injection 12 days before his admission to the emergency room. He currently presents with a fever and is complaining of pain in his hip and knee joints. He was diagnosed with a form of serum sickness. Which of the following statement(s) is/are TRUE regarding the pathogenesis of this condition:
a. It is most likely an immune complex illness
b. It is only IgE mediated
c. Circulating antibody-antigen complexes are capable of activating complement components
d. It is most likely only a delayed hypersensitivity reaction.
e. None of the above
f. A and c are correct

Back 164

f. A and c are correct

Front 165

Which of the following would be a characteristic finding in a patient with a Type I form of hypersensitivity
a. Leukopenia
b. Hypotension
c. Thrombocytopenia
d. Arthritis
e. All of the above

Back 165

b. Hypotension

Front 166

Which of the following is/are TRUE for immunodeficiency diseases?
a. Can be the result of prolonged stress conditions
b. In SCID there is an overwhelming susceptibility of infection since there is a reduction in both the T and B portions of the immune system.
c. Can be induced by various types of drug therapy, especially in the treatment of cancer patients.
d. Bruton's disorder can be diagnosed within a couple of days of birth since these children have no antibodies and they will have repeated viral infections,
e. Only a, b, and c are correct.

Back 166

e. Only a, b, and c are correct.

Front 167

Which of the following statements about congenital immunodeficiency diseases is/are TRUE?
a. In DiGeorge's syndrome there is an absence of not only the thymus gland but also the thyroid gland.
b. AIDs is an immunodeficient state that effects only the B portion of the immune system.
c. Bruton's disease is a T-cell immunodeficient condition, where the individual would have repeated viral infections.
d. Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome is characterized by a triad of symptoms which include: Eczema, recurrent infections, and thrombocytopenia.
e. b and d are true
f. a and c are true

Back 167

d. Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome is characterized by a triad of symptoms which include: Eczema, recurrent infections, and thrombocytopenia.

Front 168

B lymphocytes that lead to the production of antibodies involves the body defenses by using:
(a) specific defenses
(b) nonspecific defenses

Back 168

(a) specific defenses

Front 169

Intact skin that serves as a barrier against microbial infection involves the body defenses by using:
(a) specific defenses
(b) nonspecific defenses

Back 169

(b) nonspecific defenses

Front 170

Inflammation involving swollen gland (lymph nodes with phagocytosis) in the neck involves the body defenses by using:
(a) specific defenses
(b) nonspecific defenses

Back 170

(b) nonspecific defenses

Front 171

T lymphocytes that destroy a specific microbe involves the body defenses by using:
(a) specific defenses
(b) nonspecific defenses

Back 171

(a) specific defenses

Front 172

True/False
People with agammaglobulinemia are more likely to have fewer antibodies than patients with hypogammaglobulinemia.

Back 172

True

Front 173

True/False
By about two years of age, a child's antibody production level typically matches adult levels.

Back 173

True

Front 174

________ are small molecules that have determinate groups (epitopes) which can initiate an immune response once bound to larger proteins.

Back 174

Haptens

Front 175

True/False
Allergy is an immunological response to an endogenous antigen that is inappropriate or damaging and is not shown by all members of the species.

Back 175

False. exogenous.

Front 176

True/False
Immunodeficiencies can exist because of some congenital disturbance or can be acquired. Examples of the latter are people who are continually under stress.

Back 176

True

Front 177

Which of the following functions of the macrophage in the reconstructive phase of healing is INCORRECT ?
a. Secretes fibroblast activating factor to stimulate fibroblast to enter the site and synthesize and release collagen
b. Releases angiogenesis factor to stimulate vascular endothelial cells to form new capillary beds.
c. Forms epithelioid cells to help in phagocytosis.
d. Secrete collagenases to clean up the area.

Back 177

c. Forms epithelioid cells to help in phagocytosis.

Front 178

Name two different protein (or enzyme cascade) classes involved in inflammation that can act as opsonins:
_____________________ and _____________________

Back 178

Immune, IgG/IgM or Antibody and Complement

Front 179

There are three distinct steps for the leukocyte infiltration process. They are: margination, _____________ and diapedesis.

Back 179

Pavementation

Front 180

True/False
In chronic inflammation a granuloma forms when macrophages differentiate into epitheliod cells.

Back 180

True

Front 181

Only certain portions of antigenic molecules are essential to target the cells of the immune system. These sites are called _________________.

Back 181

Epitopes or Determinant Groups

Front 182

True/False
IgG is an antibody that is able to fix complement, and can cross the placental membrane.

Back 182

True

Front 183

There is a type of lymphocytic cells that does not need to be “activated” (presented with the antigen to activate) in order to kill foreign cells, tumor cells or virus infected cells. They are part of the innate immune surveillance and are called _______________.

Back 183

Natural Killer Cells

Front 184

Type I hypersensitivity reactions would be characterized mainly by _______ (class of antibody or specific t-cell).

Back 184

IgE

Front 185

True/False
Chronic Granulomatous Disease occurs in individuals with dysfunctional neutrophils that have been infected with a catalase positive bacteria.

Back 185

True

Front 186

The granulation tissue of healing is highly vascularized and rich in neutrophils and eosinophils.

Back 186

False. neutrophils or eosinophils.

Front 187

Fever is one of the cardinal signs of inflammation.

Back 187

False. is not.

Front 188

Not all antigens are large molecular weight substances. Small molecules or _________ form complexes with larger molecules to initiate an immune response.

Back 188

Haptens

Front 189

____________ is the process by which cells, like neutrophils, “stick" to a vessel wall.

Back 189

Pavementation

Front 190

A nurse is reviewing the action of the T and B lymphocytes. The T lymphocytes:
a. Mature in the bone marrow
b. Are essential for humoral-mediated immunity
c. Provides antibodies
d. Provides cellular immunity

Back 190

d. Provides cellular immunity

Front 191

A nurse is reviewing the action of the T and B lymphocytes.
The B lymphocytes:
a. Mature in the spleen
b. Are essential for cell-mediated immunity
c. Provide antibodies
d. Are thymus dependent

Back 191

c. Provide antibodies

Front 192

If a macrophage cannot protect the host from tissue damage the body forms a _____________ to wall off and isolate the infected site.

Back 192

granuloma

Front 193

_____________________are the portions of molecules that are essential for the antigenic properties of compounds.

Back 193

Determinant Groups or Epitopes

Front 194

Only certain portions of antigen molecules are essential to target the cells of the immune system. These sites are called ______________.

Back 194

Determinant Groups or Epitopes

Front 195

There is a type of lymphocyte cell that does not need to be “activated” in order to kill foreign cells, tumor cells or virus infected cells. They are a part of the innate immune surveillance system and are called _________________.

Back 195

Natural Killer Cells

Front 196

Type 2 hypersensitivity reactions are characterized by (name the class of antibody or specific t-cell): _________________

Back 196

IgG or IgM

Front 197

Aryl sulfatase B is released by eosinophils and degrades _________________

Back 197

Leukotrienes

Front 198

The ________ enzyme is found in the cytoplasmic region of the cell, is constitutive, and important in the formation of prostaglandins.

Back 198

Cox-1

Front 199

True/False
Pavementation is the process by which adhesion molecules from the integrin family on the leukocyte attach to the adhesion molecules from the selectin family located on the endothelial cells.

Back 199

True

Front 200

If macrophages cannot protect the host from tissue damage, as occurs in chronic inflammation, the body forms a _____________, which walls off and isolates the infected site.

Back 200

granuloma

Front 201

Molecules that are “too small” to initiate an immune response by themselves, but can do so if bound to a larger molecule are called _________________.

Back 201

haptens

Front 202

True/False
IgG is the antibody that plays a prominent role in an ATOPIC allergic responses.

Back 202

False. IgE.

Front 203

There is a type of lymphocytic cells that does not need to be “activated” (presented with the antigen to activate) in order to kill foreign cells, tumor cells or virus infected cells. They are part of the innate immune surveillance and are called __________________

Back 203

Natural Killer Cells

Front 204

_________________________ is a genetic disease in which both the B and T components of the immune system are compromised.

Back 204

SCID or Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Disease

Front 205

List the four cardinal signs of inflammation: a._____ b. _____ c. _____ d. ______.

Back 205

a. redness, b. swelling, c. heat, d. pain

Front 206

True/False
The major difference between a transudate and an exudate is the amount of fluid that leaves the vascular compartment.

Back 206

False. of proteins in the fluid.

Front 207

True/False
Agents that can increase cAMP levels in the cell (example of mast cell) can reduce the degranulation process.

Back 207

True

Front 208

True/False
Cytokines are peptide cell regulators that are synthesized in a variety of white blood cells and act locally. Interferon would be an example of a cytokine produced in response to a viral infection.

Back 208

True

Front 209

True/False
Prostacyclins (PGI2) are mainly synthesized in platelets and thromboxanes are mainly synthesized in uninjured endothelial cells.

Back 209

False. Thromboxanes are mainly synthesized in platelets and prostacyclins (PGI2) are mainly synthesized in uninjured endothelial cells.

Front 210

True/False
The Cox 2 enzyme is induced during inflammation and is important in the production of prostaglandins.

Back 210

True

Front 211

True/False
Aryl sulfatase B is released from the eosinophil and mediates the degradation of interleukins.

Back 211

False. leukotrienes.

Front 212

True/False
In Chronic Granulomatous Disease the defect is in the engulfment process of phagocytosis of the macrophage.

Back 212

False. defect is in the neutrophils that have been infected with a catalase positive bacteria.

Front 213

True/False
A macrophage is a cell type found in a chronic inflammatory site that can alter its form and become an epitheliod cell.

Back 213

True

Front 214

True/False
Fever is one of the cardinal signs of inflammation.

Back 214

False. is not.

Front 215

Which type of white blood cell increases in number during an allergic reaction? ____________

Back 215

eosinophils

Front 216

True/False
C- reactive protein is synthesized in the liver in response to IL-6 and is one of the acute phase proteins markers for the systemic signs of inflammation.

Back 216

True

Front 217

True/False
The granulation tissue of healing is highly vascularized and rich in macrophages and fibroblasts.

Back 217

True

Front 218

Only certain portions of antigen molecules are essential to target the cells of the immune system. These sites are called ________________.

Back 218

epitopes

Front 219

True/False
The Fc portion of the antibody is important in determining the specificity of binding to a antigen.

Back 219

False. The Fab portion.

Front 220

True/False
Patients with Bruton's Syndrome totally lack both B-cell and T-cell function because the thymus fails to develop.

Back 220

False. totally lack B-cell function because of X-linked agammaglobulinemia.

Front 221

True/False
IgM and IgG are two classes of immunoglobulin that can induce either type 2 or type 3 modes of tissue injury (hypersensitivity).

Back 221

True

Front 222

True/False
The granulation tissue of healing is highly vascularized and rich in neutrophils and eosinophils.

Back 222

False. rich in macrophages, myofibroblasts, angioblasts and fibroblasts.

Front 223

True/False
Chronic Granulomatous Disease occurs in individuals with dysfunctional neutrophils that have been infected with a catalase positive bacteria.

Back 223

True

Front 224

True/False
Chronic Granulomatous Disease occurs in individuals with dysfunctional neutrophils that have been infected with a catalase negative bacteria.

Back 224

False. catalase positive bacteria.

Front 225

True/False
The granulation tissue of healing is highly vascularized and rich in macrophages and fibroblasts.

Back 225

True

Front 226

Which of the following is/are true about the mast cell:
a. Degranulation can be stimulated by chemical agents, physical injury, and by components of the immune system.
b. Elevation of cyclic AMP will stabilize the mast cell to prevent degranulation.
c. Preformed chemicals released include histamine, ECF-A and neutrophil chemotactic factor.
d. The mast cell can synthesize tumor necrosis factor, and interferon.
e. All of the above are true.
f. Only a, b and c are true.

Back 226

f. Only a, b and c are true.

Front 227

Which of the following islare true statements with respect to the function of the clotting-system in the inflammatory response.
a. prevents the spread of infection and inflammation to other sites
b. keeps the microorganisms and foreign bodies in the site of greatest phagocytic activity.
c. forms a clot that stops bleeding
d. provides the framework for future repair and healing.
e. All of the above are correct

Back 227

e. All of the above are correct

Front 228

Which of the following statements about the systemic manifestations of inflammation are False:
a. lnterleukins are released from the cells of the inflammatory site and have an action in the brain to produce a febrile response.
b. An increase in lymphocytes in the exudate would be seen in individuals with infectious mononucleosis or rubella.
c. lnterleukin, which is released from the cells of an inflammatory site, effects the pituitary to release ACTH, which is part of a negative feedback loop between the endocrine and inflammatory systems.
d. During an inflammatory response there is an increase in serum anti-inflammatory proteins and a decrease in erythrocyte sedimentation rate.
e. All of the above are FALSE

Back 228

d. During an inflammatory response there is an increase in serum anti-inflammatory proteins and a decrease in erythrocyte sedimentation rate.

Front 229

Which of the following statement(s) is/are true:
a. Granuloma &sue is formed if neutrophils cannot destroy the microorganism.
b. Chronic inflammation is characterized by dense infiltration of macrophages and lymphocytes
c. Necrosis and fibrosis are common events at the site of a chronic inflammation
d. Granuloma formation begins when macrophages differentiate into large phagocytic, epitheliod cells
e. All of the above are true
f. Only a, b, and c are true

Back 229

f. Only a, b, and c are true

Front 230

Activation of the complement system produces compounds that can:
a. Opsonize bacteria
b. Decrease chemotaxis of leukocytes
c. Induce mast cell degranulation, i.e. are anaphylatoxins
d. All the above are true
e. Only a and c are true

Back 230

e. Only a and c are true

Front 231

Which of the following statements about the acute inflammation and the reconstructive phase of repair is/are FALSE:
a. Fibrin unites the wound edges, and provides a meshwork for collagen or regenerative tissue
b. Macrophages clear the area of debris and secrete mediators such as fibroblast activating factor, and an angiogenesis factor which aid in repair.
c. Epithelialization indudes the formation of granulation tissue and the inward migration of fibroblasts:
d. Myofibroblasts, which are also stimulated by macrophages, synthesize and secrete collagen and lead to the disappearance of capillaries from the scar tissue.
e. All the above are true

Back 231

d. Myofibroblasts, which are also stimulated by macrophages, synthesize and secrete collagen and lead to the disappearance of capillaries from the scar tissue.

Front 232

True/False
Thromboxanes and platelet activating factor can both induce smooth muscle constriction.

Back 232

True

Front 233

Eosinophils are a type of WBC that can inhibit processes of the inflammatory system. They can release enzymes which increase the degradation of interleukins.

Back 233

False. degradation of leukotrienes.