Pbd 2 Exam 2 - Week 6

Front 1

True/False
Primary sensory neurons are located in the dorsal roots of the spinal cord.

Back 1

True

Front 2

True/False
The vestibuluar apparatus contains the Organ of Corti and is associated with the sense of hearing.

Back 2

False. The Cochlea contains

Front 3

The graded potentials produced by sensory receptors in the process of transduction are called _______________.

Back 3

Generator or Receptor Potential.

Front 4

The tough fibrous layer that surrounds most of the eye and provides structural support to the eye is called the ____________.

Back 4

Sclera

Front 5

True/False
The cell bodies of third-order sensory neurons reside in one of the sensory nuclei of the thalamus.

Back 5

True

Front 6

True/False
Presbycusis is an involuntary, rapid, rhythmic movement of the eyes resulting from overstimulation of the semicircular canal system.

Back 6

False. Vestibular nystagmus

Front 7

True/False
Generator (receptor) potentials are all-or-none responses to environmental stimuli that take input to the CNS.

Back 7

False. are not all-or-none responses

Front 8

True/False
Proprioceptors are a form of mechanoreceptors.

Back 8

True

Front 9

True/False
Second-order sensory neurons innervating the lower body have their cell bodies located in the spinal cord and synapse on third-order neurons located in the ipsilateral side of the thalamus.

Back 9

False. contralateral side.

Front 10

True/False
The strength of a stimulus is encoded in sensory signals sent to the CNS and is referred to as the modality of the stimulus.

Back 10

False. intensity of the stimulus.

Front 11

True/False
Intraocular pressure is created by the rates of secretion of aqueous humor by the ciliary processes and the rates of outflow by the trabecular meshwork.

Back 11

True

Front 12

The correct nomenclature for sensory receptors that respond to pain is _______________________.

Back 12

nociceptors

Front 13

True/False
The strength of a stimulus applied to a sensory receptor is encoded and transmitted to the CNS as the amplitude of the action potential produced.

Back 13

False. intensity of sensory coding.

Front 14

True/False
Light energy entering the eye interacts with photopigments and cause sodium channels to open and produce a negative generator potential.

Back 14

False. sodium channels to close

Front 15

Third-order sensory neurons have their cell bodies located in sensory nuclei of the ________.

Back 15

Thalamus

Front 16

True/False
The correct nomenclature for sensory receptors that respond to pain is ________________.

Back 16

nociceptors

Front 17

Second-order sensory neurons innervating the lower body have their cell bodies located in the spinal cord and synapse on third-order neurons located in the ________________.

Back 17

Thalamus

Front 18

True/False
Sensory cells classified as mechanoreceptors give us our sense of hearing.

Back 18

True

Front 19

True/False
The sclera is a dense, white, opaque protective coat that covers 85% of the outer surface of the eye and is continuous with the choroid.

Back 19

False. continuous with the cornea.

Front 20

True/False
Photic stimuli are electromagnetic waves between 400 and 750 nM long.

Back 20

True

Front 21

True/False
Tears produced by the lacrimal glands are comprised of 50% H2O, albumin, 1.5% NaCl, potassium, albumin, glucose, lysozymes and immunoglobulin.

Back 21

False. 98% H2O, 1.5% albumin, NaCl

Front 22

Nerve cell bodies of first-order sensory neurons going to the spinal cord are located in the __________ .

Back 22

Dorsal Root Ganglion

Front 23

The sensation of spinning, usually resulting from inflammation of the semicircular canals, is termed ______.

Back 23

vertigo

Front 24

True/False
The fibrous coat of the eye is the choroid.

Back 24

False. sclera.

Front 25

True/False
Hunger and GI distention are sensations that originate as sensory input to the CNS.

Back 25

True

Front 26

True/False
Third-order neurons synapse on neurons in the thalamus.

Back 26

False. in the cerebral cortex.

Front 27

True/False
The fibrous coat of the eye is the choroid.

Back 27

False. sclera.

Front 28

True/False
A rapidly adapting receptor would produce a short-lived response to a long-lasting stimulus.

Back 28

True

Front 29

True/False
The Organ of Corti is responsible for our sense of balance.

Back 29

False. hearing.

Front 30

True/False
CSF is absorbed in the arachnoid villi which functions as a two-way valve, projecting into the dura venous sinus.

Back 30

False. one-way valve

Front 31

True/False
Aqueous humor secreted by the ciliary processes contains high concentrations of protein, electrolytes, and high concentrations of glucose.

Back 31

True

Front 32

True/False
The most infectious form of bacterial meningitis is Heamophilus influenzae.

Back 32

False. is Neisseria meningitidis.

Front 33

True/False
CSF flows from the ventricles, through to the brain stem and into the subarachnoid space via the Foramen of Magendie and the Foramen of Luschka.

Back 33

True

Front 34

True/False
Hydrocephalus is characterized by an increase in ventricular volume of CSF caused by either decreased absorption or over production of CSF.

Back 34

True

Front 35

Concerning generator potentials, which of the following is FALSE:
a. their strength varies with the magnitude of the stimulus
b. they often produce electrical signals that are of greater energy than the stimulus
c. they must reach a threshold level in order to send information to the CNS
d. they occur as specific proteins respond to stimuli
e. all of the above are true

Back 35

b. they often produce electrical signals that are of greater energy than the stimulus
(less energy)

Front 36

Concerning primary afferent neurons, which of the following is FALSE:
a. also called first-order neurons
b. peripheral ending functions as a sensory receptor or receives input from an accessory sensory cell
c. cell body usually located in the spinal cord or brain stem
d. nerve fibers (axons) travel in spinal nerves or in cranial nerves
e. all of the above are true

Back 36

c. cell body usually located in the spinal cord or brain stem
(dorsal root ganglion or cranial nerve gangion)

Front 37

The iris of the eye is located in the:
a. anterior cavity
b. anterior chamber
c. posterior cavity
d. posterior chamber
e. none of the above

Back 37

a. anterior cavity

Front 38

Concerning the rods of the retina, which of the following is TRUE:
a. they are in the highest concentration in the fovea
b. they are responsible for our highest level of visual acuity
c. they are responsible for our sense of color
d. they respond best in low-light conditions
e. none of the above are true

Back 38

d. they respond best in low-light conditions

Front 39

Glaucoma is an optic neuropathy that is characterized by
a. retinal ganglion cell loss, visual field loss and optic disk cupping
b. loss of rods and cones, optic disk cupping and retinal ganglion cell loss
c. deficits in the lacrimal gland, optic disk cupping, and loss of amacrine cells
d. dry eye, retinal ganglion cell loss and visual field loss

Back 39

a. retinal ganglion cell loss, visual field loss and optic disk cupping

Front 40

The most common cause of visual loss occurs because of
a. optic disk cupping
b. lens opacity
c. conjunctivitis
d. Chlamydia
e. Blood in the vitreous humor

Back 40

b. lens opacity

Front 41

CSF is produced in the ventricles at a rate of 400 -500 ml/day. However, the amount of CSF in the ventricles and arachnoid is only 100 -150 ml. What accounts for the differences in the amount produced on a given day and the amounts localized in the spaces?
a. the production rate
b. the components of CSF vs Plasma
c. the osmolarity
d. all of the above
e. none of the above

Back 41

e. none of the above
CSF is drained into the blood

Front 42

An involuntary, rapid, rhythmic movement of the eyes resulting from over stimulation of the semicircular canal system is referred to as:
a. Meniere's Disease
b. Otitis media
c. vestibular nystagmus
d. vertigo
e. tinnitus

Back 42

c. vestibular nystagmus

Front 43

True/False
Sensorineural impairment of the Organ of Corti caused by drug toxicity is referred to as ototoxicity.

Back 43

True

Front 44

True/False
A pressure of greater than 22 mmHg in the aqueous humor is indicative of most forms of glaucoma.

Back 44

True

Front 45

True/False
Action potentials carried in sensory neurons vary with the strength of stimulus.

Back 45

True

Front 46

True/False
Second-order neurons are located in sensory nuclei of the thalamus.

Back 46

False. of the spinal cord or brainstem

Front 47

True/False
Adaptation (sensory) is defined as a reduction in discharge frequency during a sustained stimulus.

Back 47

True

Front 48

True/False
Generator potentials much reach a threshold level before a signal is transmitted to the CNS.

Back 48

True

Front 49

True/False
Pacinian Corpuscles are a form of mechanoreceptor.

Back 49

True

Front 50

True/False
The sensory structure responsible for the sense of hearing is the vestibular apparatus.

Back 50

False. Organ of Corti

Front 52

True/False
The bacterial strain associated with the most highly infectious form of bacterial meningitis is Neissaria meningitides.

Back 52

True

Front 53

A sensory receptor classified as a mechanoreceptor gives use our sense of:
a. vision
b. audition
c. olfaction
d. temperature
e. none of the above

Back 53

b. audition

Front 54

The triad of vertigo, sensorineural hearing loss, and tinnitus is known as:
a. ottis media
b. Meniere's Disease
c. vestibular nystagmus
d. ototoxicity

Back 54

b. Meniere's Disease

Front 55

The anterior and posterior chambers of the anterior cavity are separated by the:
a. conjunctiva
b. ciliary body
c. lens
d. iris
e. choroids

Back 55

d. iris

Front 56

Specialized structures located in the brain ventricles involved in the production of CSF are called:
a. Foramen of Monro
b. brain sinuses
c. choroid plexus
d. Foramen of Magendie

Back 56

c. choroid plexus

Front 57

The most common form of sensorineural hearing loss is:
a. presbyopia
b. presbycusis
c. Presbyterian
d. tinnitis
e. nystagmus

Back 57

b. presbycusis

Front 58

From the brain toward the skull, the correct order of the meninges is:
a. pia mater -> dura mater -> arachnoid
b. dura mater -> pia mater -> arachnoid
c. arachnoid --> pia mater -> dura mater
d. pia mater -> arachnoid --> dura mater

Back 58

d. pia mater -> arachnoid --> dura mater

Front 59

Dandy Walker syndrome is a disorder fo the CSF flow that results in hydrocephaly and is characterized by:
a. narrowing of the ventricular/subarachnoid interface (Foramina of Luschka and Magendie)
b. tumor of the subarachnoid space
c. choroid plexus tumor
d. malformation of the lateral ventricles

Back 59

a. narrowing of the ventricular/subarachnoid interface (Foramina of Luschka and Magendie)

Front 60

True/False
The modality of a sensory receptor pertains to the strength of the stimulus energy.

Back 60

False. The intensity of

Front 61

True/False
Third-order neurons of sensory pathways are located in one of the sensory nuclei of the thalamus.

Back 61

True

Front 62

True/False
Pacinian Corpuscles are a type of nociceptor.

Back 62

False. mechanoreceptor

Front 63

Concerning first-order sensory neurons of the appendages or body-wall, which of the following is NOT true:
a. they are the first in a series of neurons carrying afferent input to the CNS
b. they travel in the spinal nerves that provide motor input to the same area
c. their cell bodies are located in the ventral root ganglion of their spinal nerve
d. they may not be able to provide exact pin-point location of the applied stimulus
e. all of the above are true

Back 63

b. they travel in the spinal nerves that provide motor input to the same area

Front 64

With respect to bacterial meningitis which of the following is true:
a. the current choice of antibiotic therapy are either penicillins or cephalosporins
b. its incidence is much higher than viral meningitis
c. it is never infectious
d. it is associated with low white blood cell counts in the CSF

Back 64

a. the current choice of antibiotic therapy are either penicillins or cephalosporins

Front 65

Normal pressure hydrocephalus:
a. is readily treatable with drug therapy and occurs only in young children
b. is associated with increased dementia, incontinence, and motor errors
c. is characterized by decreased ventricular volume
d. has a clearly established cause or etiology

Back 65

b. is associated with increased dementia, incontinence, and motor errors

Front 66

The part of the retina having the highest visual activity in a lighted environment is the:
a. sclera
b. fovea
c. optic disc
d. choroid

Back 66

b. fovea

Front 67

True/False
Proprioceptors are mechanoceptors that are classified as interoceptive receptors.

Back 67

True

Front 68

True/False
The nerve cell bodies of first-order sensory neurons going to the spinal cord are located in the CNS.

Back 68

False. not located in the CNS.

Front 69

True/False
Modality, as related to sensory coding, refers to the form of energy serving as the stimulus.

Back 69

True

Front 70

True/False
The fovea of the retina contains no cones.

Back 70

False. no rods.

Front 71

True/False
The transparent structures of the eye are the cornea, aqueous humor, lens, vitreous and retina.

Back 71

True

Front 72

True/False
The ciliary body consists of the ciliary muscle that is connected to the lens via the zonules. Contraction and relaxation of the ciliary muscle allow for the changes in lens shape.

Back 72

True

Front 73

The type of receptor that responds to painful stimuli is referred to as ____________.

Back 73

nociceptor

Front 74

The _____________, located in the cochlea of the ear, is the apparatus responsible for the sense of hearing.

Back 74

Organ of Corti

Front 75

True/False
Hydrocephaly is always associated with an increase in intracranial pressure and elevated CSF protein.

Back 75

False. is usually

Front 76

True/False
The Pia Mater covers all surfaces of the brain and spinal cord and is avascular.

Back 76

False. vascular.

Front 77

Inflammation of the meningeal layers is called ______.

Back 77

meningitis

Front 78

The major difference between CSF and plasma is:
a. much lower protein levels in plasma than CSF
b. much higher protein levels in plasma than CSF
c. much higher osmolarity in CSF than plasma
d. much lower pH in plasma than CSF
e. there are no differences between CSF and plasma

Back 78

b. much higher protein levels in plasma than CSF

Front 79

Concerning generator or receptor potentials, which of the following is NOT true:
a. they are graded responses
b. they much reach a threshold level in order to produce an action potential
c. they are produced as a result of conformational changes that typically open or close ion channels
d. some have the ability to produce electrical signal containing far greater energy than that contained in the stimulus (amplification)
e. all of the above are true

Back 79

e. all of the above are true

Front 80

True/False
The mortality rate of patients having bacterial meningitis is much lower than those diagnosed with viral meningitis.

Back 80

False. much higher

Front 81

True/False
The sclera is the vascular/pigmented coat or layer of the eye.

Back 81

False. The choroid

Front 82

The optic nerve exits eye at the
a. fovea
b. optic disc
c. macula lutea
d. Canal of Schlemm

Back 82

optic disc

Front 83

True/False
The cranial Dura mater is attached to the periosteum where it receives blood supply.

Back 83

True

Front 84

True/False
The arachnoid mater contains collagenous connective tissue and is vascular.

Back 84

False. is avascular.

Front 85

True/False
The arachnoid villi functions as a one-way valve projecting into the dura venous sinuses into the venous blood.

Back 85

True