Pbd 2 Exam 2 - Week 5

Front 1

Which of the following receptor subtypes does NOT act as an autoreceptor?
a. 5-HT1D
b. D1 dopamine
c. Alpha-2
d. M2 muscarinic
e. GABA-B

Back 1

b. D1 dopamine

Front 2

Which of the following is true about GABA?
a. There is a selective loss of GABA neurons in the substantia nigra of patients with Huntington’s chorea.
b. It is thought that GABA agonists help relieve the symptoms of anxiety because GABA neurons increase both locus ceruleus and amygdala activity.
c. GABA receptors only inhibit action potentials of postsynaptic cells if the GABA-B receptor subtype is involved.
d. GABA receptors can form heterodimers which can activate different G-protein coupled second messenger systems.
e. GABA is completely removed from the synapse via a sodium dependent transporter located on the glial cells.

Back 2

d. GABA receptors can form heterodimers which can activate different G-protein coupled second messenger systems.

Front 3

Match the area with the description.
Executive center of the brain
a. Prefrontal cortex
b. Hypothalamus
c. Thalamus
d. Occipital cortex
e. Frontal cortex

Back 3

a. Prefrontal cortex

Front 4

Match the area with the description.
Relay center
a. Corpus callosum
b. Hypothalamus
c. Thalamus
d. Occipital cortex
e. Frontal cortex

Back 4

c. Thalamus

Front 5

Match each phrase with a neurotransmitter.
Overactivity causes resting tremor in Parkinson’s disease.
a. Norepinephrine
b. Dopamine
c. Acetylcholine
d. Serotonin
e. Glutamate

Back 5

c. Acetylcholine

Front 6

Match each phrase with a neurotransmitter.
There is a selective loss of these neurons in patients with Parkinson’s disease.
a. Norepinephrine
b. Dopamine
c. Acetylcholine
d. Serotonin
e. Glutamate

Back 6

b. Dopamine

Front 7

Match each phrase with a neurotransmitter.
Agonists for its receptors cause excitotoxicity.
a. Norepinephrine
b. Dopamine
c. Acetylcholine
d. Serotonin
e. Glutamate

Back 7

e. Glutamate

Front 8

Match each phrase with a neurotransmitter.
Inhibits prolactin release from the anterior pituitary gland.
a. Norepinephrine
b. Dopamine
c. Acetylcholine
d. Serotonin
e. Glutamate

Back 8

b. Dopamine

Front 9

Match each phrase with a neurotransmitter.
Overactivity of this neurotransmitter is implicated in drug addiction.
a. Norepinephrine
b. Dopamine
c. Acetylcholine
d. Serotonin
e. Glutamate

Back 9

b. Dopamine

Front 10

Match each phrase with a neurotransmitter.
Overactivity of this neurotransmitter is implicated in epilepsy.
a. Norepinephrine
b. Dopamine
c. Acetylcholine
d. Serotonin
e. Glutamate

Back 10

e. Glutamate

Front 11

Match each phrase with a neurotransmitter.
Cell bodies project from substantia nigra to caudate nucleus.
a. Norepinephrine
b. Dopamine
c. Acetylcholine
d. Serotonin
e. Glutamate

Back 11

b. Dopamine

Front 12

Match each phrase with a neurotransmitter.
Cell bodies project from locus ceruleus to cortex.
a. Norepinephrine
b. Dopamine
c. Acetylcholine
d. Serotonin
e. Glutamate

Back 12

a. Norepinephrine

Front 13

Match each phrase with a neurotransmitter.
Cell bodies project from raphe nucleus to spinal cord.
a. Norepinephrine
b. Dopamine
c. Acetylcholine
d. Serotonin
e. Glutamate

Back 13

d. Serotonin

Front 14

Match each phrase with a neurotransmitter.
Cell bodies project from septal nucleus to hippocampus.
a. Norepinephrine
b. Dopamine
c. Acetylcholine
d. Serotonin
e. Glutamate

Back 14

c. Acetylcholine

Front 15

Match each phrase with a neurotransmitter.
Cell bodies project from cortex to caudate and putamen.
a. Norepinephrine
b. Dopamine
c. Acetylcholine
d. Serotonin
e. Glutamate

Back 15

e. Glutamate

Front 16

Match each phrase with a neurotransmitter.
The rate-limiting step for its synthesis is a Na-dependent transporter.
a. Norepinephrine
b. Dopamine
c. Acetylcholine
d. Serotonin
e. Glutamate

Back 16

c. Acetylcholine

Front 17

Match each phrase with a neurotransmitter.
The rate-limiting step for its synthesis is the dietary levels of the precursor molecule.
a. Norepinephrine
b. Dopamine
c. Acetylcholine
d. Serotonin
e. Glutamate

Back 17

d. Serotonin

Front 18

Match each phrase with a neurotransmitter.
Shares almost the same synthetic pathway as dopamine.
a. Norepinephrine
b. Dopamine
c. Acetylcholine
d. Serotonin
e. Glutamate

Back 18

a. Norepinephrine

Front 19

Match the precursor with the description.
Alpha neo-endorphin is made from this (these) polypeptide(s)
a. POMC
b. proenkephalin
c. prodynorphin
d. Both POMC and proenkephalin
e. Both prodynorphin and proenkephalin

Back 19

c. prodynorphin

Front 20

Match the precursor with the description.
Met-enkephalin is made from this (these) polypeptide(s)
a. POMC
b. proenkephalin
c. prodynorphin
d. Both POMC and proenkephalin
e. Both prodynorphin and proenkephalin

Back 20

b. proenkephalin

Front 21

Match the precursor with the description.
Leu-enkephalin is made from this (these) polypeptide(s)
a. POMC
b. proenkephalin
c. prodynorphin
d. Both POMC and proenkephalin
e. Both prodynorphin and proenkephalin

Back 21

b. proenkephalin

Front 22

Match the precursor with the description.
Beta-endorphin is made from this (these) polypeptide(s)
a. POMC
b. proenkephalin
c. prodynorphin
d. Both POMC and proenkephalin
e. Both prodynorphin and proenkephalin

Back 22

a. POMC

Front 23

Match the precursor with the description.
Cell bodies containing this polypeptide project from arcuate nucleus to periaqueductal gray
a. POMC
b. proenkephalin
c. prodynorphin
d. Both POMC and proenkephalin
e. Both prodynorphin and proenkephalin

Back 23

a. POMC

Front 24

Match the precursor with the description.
Small interneurons containing this polypeptide are present in the dorsal spinal cord.
a. POMC
b. proenkephalin
c. prodynorphin
d. Both POMC and proenkephalin
e. Both prodynorphin and proenkephalin

Back 24

b. proenkephalin

Front 25

Match the precursor with the description.
Small interneurons containing this polypeptide are present in the ventral spinal cord.
a. POMC
b. proenkephalin
c. prodynorphin
d. Both POMC and proenkephalin
e. Both prodynorphin and proenkephalin

Back 25

c. prodynorphin

Front 26

Match the following receptor with its second messenger system.
D5
a. Activate Gi
b. Activate Gs
c. Activate Gq
d. Directly open a cation channel
e. Directly open an anion channel

Back 26

b. Activate Gs

Front 27

Match the following receptor with its second messenger system.
D4
a. Activate Gi
b. Activate Gs
c. Activate Gq
d. Directly open a cation channel
e. Directly open an anion channel

Back 27

a. Activate Gi

Front 28

Match the following receptor with its second messenger system.
kainate
a. Activate Gi
b. Activate Gs
c. Activate Gq
d. Directly open a cation channel
e. Directly open an anion channel

Back 28

d. Directly open a cation channel

Front 29

Match the following receptor with its second messenger system.
Nicotinic
a. Activate Gi
b. Activate Gs
c. Activate Gq
d. Directly open a cation channel
e. Directly open an anion channel

Back 29

d. Directly open a cation channel

Front 30

Match the following receptor with its second messenger system.
5-HT2A
a. Activate Gi
b. Activate Gs
c. Activate Gq
d. Directly open a cation channel
e. Directly open an anion channel

Back 30

c. Activate Gq

Front 31

Match the following receptor with its second messenger system.
5-HT1D
a. Activate Gi
b. Activate Gs
c. Activate Gq
d. Directly open a cation channel
e. Directly open an anion channel

Back 31

a. Activate Gi

Front 32

Match the following receptor with its second messenger system.
5-HT3
a. Activate Gi
b. Activate Gs
c. Activate Gq
d. Directly open a cation channel
e. Directly open an anion channel

Back 32

d. Directly open a cation channel

Front 33

Match the following receptor with its second messenger system.
M1
a. Activate Gi
b. Activate Gs
c. Activate Gq
d. Directly open a cation channel
e. Directly open an anion channel

Back 33

c. Activate Gq

Front 34

Match the following receptor with its second messenger system.
M2
a. Activate Gi
b. Activate Gs
c. Activate Gq
d. Directly open a cation channel
e. Directly open an anion channel

Back 34

a. Activate Gi

Front 35

Match the following receptor with its second messenger system.
Alpha-1
a. Activate Gi
b. Activate Gs
c. Activate Gq
d. Directly open a cation channel
e. Directly open an anion channel

Back 35

c. Activate Gq

Front 36

Match the following receptor with its second messenger system.
Alpha-2
a. Activate Gi
b. Activate Gs
c. Activate Gq
d. Directly open a cation channel
e. Directly open an anion channel

Back 36

a. Activate Gi

Front 37

Match the following receptor with its second messenger system.
Beta-1
a. Activate Gi
b. Activate Gs
c. Activate Gq
d. Directly open a cation channel
e. Directly open an anion channel

Back 37

b. Activate Gs

Front 38

Match the following receptor with its second messenger system.
GABA-A
a. Activate Gi
b. Activate Gs
c. Activate Gq
d. Directly open a cation channel
e. Directly open an anion channel

Back 38

e. Directly open an anion channel

Front 39

Match the following receptor with its second messenger system.
GABA-B
a. Activate Gi
b. Activate Gs
c. Activate Gq
d. Directly open a cation channel
e. Directly open an anion channel

Back 39

a. Activate Gi

Front 40

Match the following receptor with its second messenger system.
mu
a. Activate Gi
b. Activate Gs
c. Activate Gq
d. Directly open a cation channel
e. Directly open an anion channel

Back 40

a. Activate Gi

Front 41

High affinity reuptake pumps are:
a. calcium dependent
b. sodium dependent
c. temperature dependent
d. voltage dependent
e. both b and d are true

Back 41

b. sodium dependent

Front 42

Which of the following receptor subtypes does NOT act as an autoreceptor?
a. 5-HT1D
b. D1 dopamine
c. Alpha-2
d. M2 muscarinic
e. GABA-B

Back 42

b. D1 dopamine

Front 43

If intact working norepinephrine pathways in the brain are necessary for transmitting "good mood" thoughts, then which of the following actions of a new drug would cause an increase in mood?
a. inhibiting dopamine beta hydroxylase activity
b. increasing norepinephine transporter activity
c. increasing the number of presynaptic alpha-2 receptors
d. increasing the number of postsynaptic beta receptors
e. all of the above

Back 43

b. increasing norepinephine transporter activity

Front 44

Endogenous opoid peptides generally have inhibitory cellular effects because they can:
a. inhibit potassium conductance during an action potential thereby inhibiting release of neurotransmitter
b. increase calcium ion concentrations intracellularly thereby causing hyperpolarization
c. inhibit cyclic AMP formation via an interaction with Gi
d. increase sodium ion concentrations extracellularly by opening sodium channels
e. all of the above

Back 44

c. inhibit cyclic AMP formation via an interaction with Gi

Front 45

Which of the following are true about agents that increase dopamine D2-like receptor activities?
a. they would worsen the symptoms of Parkinson's disease
b. they are useful as antiemetic agents
c. chronic treatment with them could cause male breast development and lactation
d. they might worsen the symptoms of schizophrenia
e. all of the above

Back 45

d. they might worsen the symptoms of schizophrenia

Front 46

Which of the following are true about GABA?
a. there is a selective loss of GABA neurons in the striatum of patients with Huntington's chorea
b. It is thought that GABA agonists help relieve the symptoms of anxiety because GABA inhibits both locus cereleus and amygdala activity
c. GABA receptors always inhibit action potentials of postsynaptic cells regardless of which receptor subtype of involved
d. GABA-B receptors can form heterodimers which can activate different G-protein coupled second messenger systems
e. all of the above

Back 46

e. all of the above

Front 47

Which of the following pairings of serotonin receptor subtypes are thought to be involved with particular disease states is not correct?
a. anxiety with 5HT-1A receptors
b. psychosis with 5HT-2 receptors
c. nausea with 5HT-3 receptors
d. migraine with 5HT-1D receptors
e. hallucinations with 5HT-7 receptors

Back 47

e. hallucinations with 5HT-7 receptors

Front 48

Which of the following are true about NMDA-selective glutamate receptors?
a. agents that activate these receptors may increase memory formation and make you smarter
b. chronic activation of these receptors could cause loss of neurons due to excitotoxicity
c. activation of these receptors may make you have a seizure
d. drugs that block these receptors may be useful therapeutic agents for decreasing brain damage in stroke patients
e. all of the above

Back 48

e. all of the above

Front 49

Which of the following is/are true about acetylcholine (ACh)?
a. there is a loss of ACh neurons in the brain of patients with Alzheimer's disease
b. nicotinic ACh receptors generally cause excitation of postsynaptic cells
c. short acetylcholine neurons are localized in the striatum and are thought to be the cause of resting tremor in Parkinson's disease
d. cholinergic neurons project from the basal nucleus throughout the cortex
e. all of the above are true

Back 49

e. all of the above are true

Front 50

Match the area with the description
Primary visual processing area
a. Temporal cortex
b. Occipital cortex
c. Hypothalamus
d. Parietal cortex
e. Frontal cortex
f. Substancia nigra
g. Putamen
h. Raphe nuclei
i. Globus pallidus
j. Locus ceruleus

Back 50

b. Occipital cortex

Front 51

Match the area with the description
Primary motor processing area
a. Temporal cortex
b. Occipital cortex
c. Hypothalamus
d. Parietal cortex
e. Frontal cortex
f. Substancia nigra
g. Putamen
h. Raphe nuclei
i. Globus pallidus
j. Locus ceruleus

Back 51

e. Frontal cortex

Front 52

Match the area with the description
Primary sensory (tactile) processing area
a. Temporal cortex
b. Occipital cortex
c. Hypothalamus
d. Parietal cortex
e. Frontal cortex
f. Substancia nigra
g. Putamen
h. Raphe nuclei
i. Globus pallidus
j. Locus ceruleus

Back 52

d. Parietal cortex

Front 53

Match the area with the description
Primary auditory processing area
a. Temporal cortex
b. Occipital cortex
c. Hypothalamus
d. Parietal cortex
e. Frontal cortex
f. Substancia nigra
g. Putamen
h. Raphe nuclei
i. Globus pallidus
j. Locus ceruleus

Back 53

a. Temporal cortex

Front 54

Match the area with the description
Stimulates caudate nucleus
a. Primary and accessory motor cortex
b. Occipital cortex
c. Hypothalamus
d. Parietal cortex
e. Frontal cortex
f. Substancia nigra
g. Putamen
h. Raphe nuclei
i. Globus pallidus
j. Locus ceruleus

Back 54

a. Primary and accessory motor cortex

Front 55

Match the area with the description
The "brakes" of the basal ganglia
a. Temporal cortex
b. Occipital cortex
c. Hypothalamus
d. Parietal cortex
e. Frontal cortex
f. Substancia nigra
g. Putamen
h. Raphe nuclei
i. Globus pallidus
j. Locus ceruleus

Back 55

g. Putamen

Front 56

Match the area with the description
Endocrine center
a. Temporal cortex
b. Occipital cortex
c. Hypothalamus
d. Parietal cortex
e. Frontal cortex
f. Substancia nigra
g. Putamen
h. Raphe nuclei
i. Globus pallidus
j. Locus ceruleus

Back 56

c. Hypothalamus

Front 57

Match the area with the description
Basal ganglia afferent region
a. Temporal cortex
b. Occipital cortex
c. Hypothalamus
d. Parietal cortex
e. Frontal cortex
f. Substancia nigra
g. Putamen
h. Raphe nuclei
i. Globus pallidus
j. Locus ceruleus

Back 57

g. Putamen

Front 58

Match the area with the description
Basal ganglia efferent region
a. Temporal cortex
b. Occipital cortex
c. Hypothalamus
d. Parietal cortex
e. Frontal cortex
f. Substancia nigra
g. Putamen
h. Raphe nuclei
i. Globus pallidus
j. Locus ceruleus

Back 58

i. Globus pallidus

Front 59

Match the area with the description
Stimulatory center of the reticular activating system
a. Temporal cortex
b. Occipital cortex
c. Hypothalamus
d. Parietal cortex
e. Frontal cortex
f. Substancia nigra
g. Putamen
h. Raphe nuclei
i. Globus pallidus
j. Locus ceruleus

Back 59

j. Locus ceruleus

Front 60

Match the area with the description
Inhibitory center of the reticular activating system
a. Temporal cortex
b. Occipital cortex
c. Hypothalamus
d. Parietal cortex
e. Frontal cortex
f. Substancia nigra
g. Putamen
h. Raphe nuclei
i. Globus pallidus
j. Locus ceruleus

Back 60

h. Raphe nuclei

Front 61

Match the area with the description
Inhibits caudate nuclei
a. Temporal cortex
b. Occipital cortex
c. Hypothalamus
d. Parietal cortex
e. Frontal cortex
f. Substancia nigra
g. Putamen
h. Raphe nuclei
i. Globus pallidus
j. Locus ceruleus

Back 61

f. Substancia nigra

Front 62

Match each phrase with a neurotransmitter.
Overactivity is implicated in Huntington's chorea
a. Dynorphin
b. Met-enkephalin
c. Beta-endorphin
d. Acetylcholine
e. Norepinephrine
f. Dopamine
g. GABA
h. Serotonin
i. Glutamate

Back 62

f. Dopamine

Front 63

Match each phrase with a neurotransmitter.
Overactivity is implicated in drug addiction.
a. Dynorphin
b. Met-enkephalin
c. Beta-endorphin
d. Acetylcholine
e. Norepinephrine
f. Dopamine
g. GABA
h. Serotonin
i. Glutamate

Back 63

f. Dopamine

Front 64

Match each phrase with a neurotransmitter.
Overactivity is implicated in epilepsy
a. Dynorphin
b. Met-enkephalin
c. Beta-endorphin
d. Acetylcholine
e. Norepinephrine
f. Dopamine
g. GABA
h. Serotonin
i. Glutamate

Back 64

i. Glutamate

Front 65

Match each phrase with a neurotransmitter.
Underactivity is implicated in epilepsy
a. Dynorphin
b. Met-enkephalin
c. Beta-endorphin
d. Acetylcholine
e. Norepinephrine
f. Dopamine
g. GABA
h. Serotonin
i. Glutamate

Back 65

g. GABA

Front 66

Match each phrase with a neurotransmitter.
Cell bodies project from ventral tegmental area to nucleus accumbens
a. Dynorphin
b. Met-enkephalin
c. Beta-endorphin
d. Acetylcholine
e. Norepinephrine
f. Dopamine
g. GABA
h. Serotonin
i. Glutamate

Back 66

f. Dopamine

Front 67

Match each phrase with a neurotransmitter.
Cell bodies project from locus cereleus to cortex
a. Dynorphin
b. Met-enkephalin
c. Beta-endorphin
d. Acetylcholine
e. Norepinephrine
f. Dopamine
g. GABA
h. Serotonin
i. Glutamate

Back 67

e. Norepinephrine

Front 68

Match each phrase with a neurotransmitter.
Cell bodies project from raphe nucleus to spinal cord
a. Dynorphin
b. Met-enkephalin
c. Beta-endorphin
d. Acetylcholine
e. Norepinephrine
f. Dopamine
g. GABA
h. Serotonin
i. Glutamate

Back 68

h. Serotonin

Front 69

Match each phrase with a neurotransmitter.
Cell bodies project from arcuate nucleus to periaqueductal gray.
a. Dynorphin
b. Met-enkephalin
c. Beta-endorphin
d. Acetylcholine
e. Norepinephrine
f. Dopamine
g. GABA
h. Serotonin
i. Glutamate

Back 69

c. Beta-endorphin

Front 70

Match each phrase with a neurotransmitter.
Cell bodies project from cortex to caudate and putamen
a. Dynorphin
b. Met-enkephalin
c. Beta-endorphin
d. Acetylcholine
e. Norepinephrine
f. Dopamine
g. GABA
h. Serotonin
i. Glutamate

Back 70

i. Glutamate

Front 71

Match each phrase with a neurotransmitter.
Small interneurons are present in the dosal spinal cord
a. Dynorphin
b. Met-enkephalin
c. Beta-endorphin
d. Acetylcholine
e. Norepinephrine
f. Dopamine
g. GABA
h. Serotonin
i. Glutamate

Back 71

b. Met-enkephalin

Front 72

Match each phrase with a neurotransmitter.
Small interneurons are present in the ventral spinal cord
a. Dynorphin
b. Met-enkephalin
c. Beta-endorphin
d. Acetylcholine
e. Norepinephrine
f. Dopamine
g. GABA
h. Serotonin
i. Glutamate

Back 72

a. Dynorphin

Front 73

Match each phrase with a neurotransmitter.
Cell bodies project from caudate nucleus to substantia nigra
a. Dynorphin
b. Met-enkephalin
c. Beta-endorphin
d. Acetylcholine
e. Norepinephrine
f. Dopamine
g. GABA
h. Serotonin
i. Glutamate

Back 73

g. GABA

Front 74

Match each phrase with a neurotransmitter.
Cell bodies project from septum to hippocampus
a. Dynorphin
b. Met-enkephalin
c. Beta-endorphin
d. Acetylcholine
e. Norepinephrine
f. Dopamine
g. GABA
h. Serotonin
i. Glutamate

Back 74

d. Acetylcholine

Front 75

Match each phrase with a neurotransmitter.
The rate-limiting step for its synthesis is a Na-dependent transporter
a. Dynorphin
b. Met-enkephalin
c. Beta-endorphin
d. Acetylcholine
e. Norepinephrine
f. Dopamine
g. GABA
h. Serotonin
i. Glutamate

Back 75

d. Acetylcholine

Front 76

Match each phrase with a neurotransmitter.
The rate-limiting step for its synthesis is the dietary levels of the precursor molecule
a. Dynorphin
b. Met-enkephalin
c. Beta-endorphin
d. Acetylcholine
e. Norepinephrine
f. Dopamine
g. GABA
h. Serotonin
i. Glutamate

Back 76

h. Serotonin

Front 77

Match each phrase with a neurotransmitter.
Shares almost the same synthetic pathway as glutamate
a. Dynorphin
b. Met-enkephalin
c. Beta-endorphin
d. Acetylcholine
e. Norepinephrine
f. Dopamine
g. GABA
h. Serotonin
i. Glutamate

Back 77

g. GABA

Front 78

Match each phrase with a neurotransmitter.
Shares almost the same synthetic pathway as dopamine
a. Dynorphin
b. Met-enkephalin
c. Beta-endorphin
d. Acetylcholine
e. Norepinephrine
f. Dopamine
g. GABA
h. Serotonin
i. Glutamate

Back 78

e. Norepinephrine

Front 79

Match the area with the following description.
Septohippocampal connection
a. Temporal cortex
b. Occipital cortex
c. Frontal cortex
d. Parietal cortex
e. Fornix
f. Globus pallidus
g. Hypothalamus
h. Cerebellum
i. Hippocampus
j. Raphe nuclei
k. Prefrontal cortex
l. Periaqueductal gray
m. Putamen
n. Thalamus
o. Corpus Callosum

Back 79

e. Fornix

Front 80

Match the area with the following description.
Relay center
a. Temporal cortex
b. Occipital cortex
c. Frontal cortex
d. Parietal cortex
e. Fornix
f. Globus pallidus
g. Hypothalamus
h. Cerebellum
i. Hippocampus
j. Raphe nuclei
k. Prefrontal cortex
l. Periaqueductal gray
m. Putamen
n. Thalamus
o. Corpus Callosum

Back 80

n. Thalamus

Front 81

Match the area with the following description.
Motor memory
a. Temporal cortex
b. Occipital cortex
c. Frontal cortex
d. Parietal cortex
e. Fornix
f. Globus pallidus
g. Hypothalamus
h. Cerebellum
i. Hippocampus
j. Raphe nuclei
k. Prefrontal cortex
l. Periaqueductal gray
m. Putamen
n. Thalamus
o. Corpus Callosum

Back 81

h. Cerebellum

Front 82

Match the area with the following description.
Pain regulation
a. Temporal cortex
b. Occipital cortex
c. Frontal cortex
d. Parietal cortex
e. Fornix
f. Globus pallidus
g. Hypothalamus
h. Cerebellum
i. Hippocampus
j. Raphe nuclei
k. Prefrontal cortex
l. Periaqueductal gray
m. Putamen
n. Thalamus
o. Corpus Callosum

Back 82

l. Periaqueductal grey

Front 83

Match the area with the following description.
Cortical and subcortical projection fibers
a. Temporal cortex
b. Occipital cortex
c. Frontal cortex
d. Parietal cortex
e. Fornix
f. Globus pallidus
g. Hypothalamus
h. Cerebellum
i. Hippocampus
j. Raphe nuclei
k. Prefrontal cortex
l. Periaqueductal gray
m. Putamen
n. Thalamus
o. Corpus Callosum

Back 83

o. corpus callosum

Front 84

Match the following receptor with its second messenger system.
D1
a. Stimulate adenylate cyclase activity
b. Stimulate phospolipase C activity
c. Inhibit adenylate cyclase activity
d. Directly open an anion channel
e. Directly open a cation channel

Back 84

a. Stimulate adenylate cyclase activity

Front 85

Match the following receptor with its second messenger system.
D2
a. Stimulate adenylate cyclase activity
b. Stimulate phospolipase C activity
c. Inhibit adenylate cyclase activity
d. Directly open an anion channel
e. Directly open a cation channel

Back 85

c. Inhibit adenylate cyclase activity

Front 86

Match the following receptor with its second messenger system.
AMPA
a. Stimulate adenylate cyclase activity
b. Stimulate phospolipase C activity
c. Inhibit adenylate cyclase activity
d. Directly open an anion channel
e. Directly open a cation channel

Back 86

e. Directly open a cation channel

Front 87

Match the following receptor with its second messenger system.
Nicotinic
a. Stimulate adenylate cyclase activity
b. Stimulate phospolipase C activity
c. Inhibit adenylate cyclase activity
d. Directly open an anion channel
e. Directly open a cation channel

Back 87

e. Directly open a cation channel

Front 88

Match the following receptor with its second messenger system.
5-HT1D
a. Stimulate adenylate cyclase activity
b. Stimulate phospolipase C activity
c. Inhibit adenylate cyclase activity
d. Directly open an anion channel
e. Directly open a cation channel

Back 88

c. Inhibit adenylate cyclase activity

Front 89

Match the following receptor with its second messenger system.
5-HT2A
a. Stimulate adenylate cyclase activity
b. Stimulate phospolipase C activity
c. Inhibit adenylate cyclase activity
d. Directly open an anion channel
e. Directly open a cation channel

Back 89

b. Stimulate phospolipase C activity

Front 90

Match the following receptor with its second messenger system.
3-HT3
a. Stimulate adenylate cyclase activity
b. Stimulate phospolipase C activity
c. Inhibit adenylate cyclase activity
d. Directly open an anion channel
e. Directly open a cation channel

Back 90

e. Directly open a cation channel

Front 91

Match the following receptor with its second messenger system.
M1
a. Stimulate adenylate cyclase activity
b. Stimulate phospolipase C activity
c. Inhibit adenylate cyclase activity
d. Directly open an anion channel
e. Directly open a cation channel

Back 91

b. Stimulate phospolipase C activity

Front 92

Match the following receptor with its second messenger system.
M2
a. Stimulate adenylate cyclase activity
b. Stimulate phospolipase C activity
c. Inhibit adenylate cyclase activity
d. Directly open an anion channel
e. Directly open a cation channel

Back 92

c. Inhibit adenylate cyclase activity

Front 93

Match the following receptor with its second messenger system.
Alpha-1
a. Stimulate adenylate cyclase activity
b. Stimulate phospolipase C activity
c. Inhibit adenylate cyclase activity
d. Directly open an anion channel
e. Directly open a cation channel

Back 93

b. Stimulate phospolipase C activity

Front 94

Match the following receptor with its second messenger system.
Alpha-2
a. Stimulate adenylate cyclase activity
b. Stimulate phospolipase C activity
c. Inhibit adenylate cyclase activity
d. Directly open an anion channel
e. Directly open a cation channel

Back 94

c. Inhibit adenylate cyclase activity

Front 95

Match the following receptor with its second messenger system.
Beta-1
a. Stimulate adenylate cyclase activity
b. Stimulate phospolipase C activity
c. Inhibit adenylate cyclase activity
d. Directly open an anion channel
e. Directly open a cation channel

Back 95

a. Stimulate adenylate cyclase activity

Front 96

Match the following receptor with its second messenger system.
GABA-A
a. Stimulate adenylate cyclase activity
b. Stimulate phospolipase C activity
c. Inhibit adenylate cyclase activity
d. Directly open an anion channel
e. Directly open a cation channel

Back 96

d. Directly open an anion channel

Front 97

Match the following receptor with its second messenger system.
Kappa
a. Stimulate adenylate cyclase activity
b. Stimulate phospolipase C activity
c. Inhibit adenylate cyclase activity
d. Directly open an anion channel
e. Directly open a cation channel

Back 97

c. Inhibit adenylate cyclase activity

Front 98

Match the following receptor with its second messenger system.
NMDA
a. Stimulate adenylate cyclase activity
b. Stimulate phospolipase C activity
c. Inhibit adenylate cyclase activity
d. Directly open an anion channel
e. Directly open a cation channel

Back 98

e. Directly open a cation channel

Front 99

Match each phrase with a neurotransmitter.
Activation of its receptors inhibits all types of sensory transmission.
a. Met-enkephalin
b. Beta-endorphin
c. Dynorphin
d. Norepinephrine
e. Dopamine
f. Acetylcholine
g. Serotonin
h. Glutamate
i. GABA
j. A, B and C

Back 99

g. Serotonin

Front 100

Match each phrase with a neurotransmitter.
Activation of its receptors inhibit pain transmission selectively.
a. Met-enkephalin
b. Beta-endorphin
c. Dynorphin
d. Norepinephrine
e. Dopamine
f. Acetylcholine
g. Serotonin
h. Glutamate
i. GABA
j. A, B and C

Back 100

d. Norepinephrine

Front 101

Match each phrase with a neurotransmitter.
Activation of its receptors cause excitotoxicity
a. Met-enkephalin
b. Beta-endorphin
c. Dynorphin
d. Norepinephrine
e. Dopamine
f. Acetylcholine
g. Serotonin
h. Glutamate
i. GABA
j. A, B and C

Back 101

h. Glutamate

Front 102

Match each phrase with a neurotransmitter.
Important for central control of baroreceptor sensitivity
a. Met-enkephalin
b. Beta-endorphin
c. Dynorphin
d. Norepinephrine
e. Dopamine
f. Acetylcholine
g. Serotonin
h. Glutamate
i. GABA
j. A, B and C

Back 102

d. Norepinephrine

Front 103

Which three of the following structures is considered a part of the basal ganglia: hypothalamus, caudate nucleus, globus pallidus, locus ceruleus, putamen.
a. ____________, b. __________, c. _____________

Back 103

a. caudate nucleus
b. globus pallidus
c. putamen

Front 104

What is the neurotransmitter that has cell bodies in the septum and projects to the hippocampus? _______.

Back 104

acetylcholine (or ACh)

Front 105

Name the rate-limiting step in the synthesis of dopamine ______________.

Back 105

tyrosine hydroxylase

Front 106

Reuptake transporters for most neurotransmitters are dependent on which ion? _______________.

Back 106

sodium (Na+)

Front 107

The raphe nucleus in the reticular activating system is where all of the cell bodies in the brain for this neurotransmitter are localized? _________________.

Back 107

serotonin (or 5HT)

Front 108

Which three of the following receptors act as autoreceptors: dopamine D1, alpha-2 adrenergic, 5-HT1B, GABA-A, M2 muscarinic, NMDA glutamate
a. ____________, b. ____________, c.___________

Back 108

a. alpha-2 adrenergic
b. 5-HT1B
c. M2 muscarinic or GABA-A

Front 109

. Name the three parts of the basal ganglia:
A. ___________, B. __________, C. ____________.

Back 109

caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus

Front 110

What nuclei in the mesencephalon degenerates in Parkinson’s Disease: A. ___________ and, what is the neurotransmitter that is decreased because of this: B. _____________.

Back 110

the nucleus is substantia nigra, the transmitter is dopamine

Front 111

Name the rate-limiting step in the synthesis of acetylcholine: _____________

Back 111

the choline transporter or choline reuptake

Front 112

Vesicular release of neurotransmitters is dependent on which ion: ______________

Back 112

calcium

Front 113

What is the name of the nucleus in the reticular activating system where all of the serotonin cell bodies in the brain are localized: ______________

Back 113

raphe nucleus

Front 114

Name the autoreceptor subtype for norepinephrine: ______________

Back 114

alpha 2 receptors

Front 115

What is the precursor amino acid for serotonin: __________

Back 115

tryptophan

Front 116

Name the four lobes of the cerebrum.

Back 116

Frontal
Parietal
Temporal
Occipital

Front 117

Name the three parts of the basal ganglia.

Back 117

Caudate nucleus
Putamen
Globus Pallidus

Front 118

What part of the mesencephalon degenerates in Parkinson's disease?

Back 118

Substantia nigra

Front 119

What part of the limbic system is probably most important for the formation of short term memory?

Back 119

Hippocampus

Front 120

What part of the brain is called the "relay center"?

Back 120

Thalamus

Front 121

Name the two major types of cells that make up the CNS:

Back 121

Neurons
Glial cells

Front 122

List 2 of the 3 opioid peptide precursor proteins:
a. __________________
b. __________________

Back 122

pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC), pro-enkephalin, pro-dynorphin (any two)

Front 123

The cell bodies for norepinephrine neurons are located in ____________ where they are involved in _____________ (increasing or decreasing) arousal.

Back 123

locus ceruleus
increasing

Front 124

The cell bodies for ____________ neurons are located in ventral tegmental area where they are involved in regulating ____________ behavior

Back 124

dopamine
any of the following or similar ideas: addiction, euphoria, positive reinforcement

Front 125

GABA-A receptors in amygdala control channels for _______________ ions which are involved in regulating ____________ behavior

Back 125

chloride
anxiety

Front 126

. Vesicular release of neurotransmitters is dependent on which ion? ______________

Back 126

calcium

Front 127

Hypokinesia is thought to be due to too _________ (much/little) dopamine, too ___________(much/little) acetylcholine, and/or too ______________(much/little) GABA in caudate and putamen.

Back 127

little
much
much

Front 128

Name two of the three receptor subtypes for endogenous opioids: a. _________, b. _________.

Back 128

mu (or MOP) or kappa (or KOP) or delta (or DOP)

Front 129

What is the second messenger system used by each of the following receptors?
5 - HT3

Back 129

↑Na+ or K+ channels or ↑ cation channel activity

Front 130

What is the second messenger system used by each of the following receptors?D5 dopamine

Back 130

↑ Gs or ↑ AC or ↑ cAMP

Front 131

What is the second messenger system used by each of the following receptors?
Nicotinic

Back 131

↑ Na+ or K+ or Ca++ channel or ↑ cation channel

Front 132

What is the second messenger system used by each of the following receptors?
5 - HT1D

Back 132

↑ Gi or ↑Go or ↓ AC or ↓ cAMP

Front 133

What is the second messenger system used by each of the following receptors?
NMDA

Back 133

↑ Na+ or K+ or Ca++ channel or ↑ cation channel

Front 134

What is the second messenger system used by each of the following receptors?
M2 muscarinic

Back 134

↑ Gi or ↑Go or ↓ AC or ↓ cAMP

Front 135

What is the second messenger system used by each of the following receptors?
Alpha - 2 adrenergic

Back 135

↑ Gi or ↑Go or ↓ AC or ↓ cAMP

Front 136

What is the second messenger system used by each of the following receptors?
mu opioid

Back 136

↑ Gi or ↑Go or ↓ AC or ↓ cAMP

Front 137

What is the second messenger system used by each of the following receptors?
Beta - 1 adrenergic

Back 137

↑ Gs or ↑ AC or ↑ cAMP

Front 138

What is the second messenger system used by each of the following receptors?
GABA - A

Back 138

↑ Cl- channel opening or ↑ anion channel opening

Front 139

True/False
In the spinal cord, dynorphin neurons are located in the substantia gelatinosa cell layer whereas enkephalin interneurons are located more ventrally.

Back 139

False. ?

Front 140

True/False
Activation of mu opioid receptors leads to activation of potassium channels and IPSPs, via mediation by Gs.

Back 140

False. ?

Front 141

The spinothalamic tract:
a. is a sensory pathway that carries fine sensations for the hand and the face
b. is a sensory pathway that carries pain and temperature sensations for the body
c. contains both sensory and motor fibers
d. can be inhibited by descending adrenergic and serotonergic projections
e. both b and d are true

Back 141

b. is a sensory pathway that carries pain and temperature sensations for the body

Front 142

Match the area with the description.
Temperature regulation
a. Corpus callosum
b. Hypothalamus
c. Thalamus
d. Occipital cortex
e. Frontal cortex

Back 142

b. Hypothalamus

Front 143

Match the area with the description
Part of the reticular activating system that "sedates" the brain
a. Temporal cortex
b. Occipital cortex
c. Hypothalamus
d. Parietal cortex
e. Frontal cortex
f. Substancia nigra
g. Putamen
h. Raphe nuclei
i. Globus pallidus
j. Locus ceruleus

Back 143

h. Raphe nuclei

Front 144

Match the area with the description.
Important for regulation of the autonomic nervous system
a. Corpus callosum
b. Hypothalamus
c. Thalamus
d. Occipital cortex
e. Frontal cortex

Back 144

b. Hypothalamus

Front 145

Match the area with the description.
Provides information to the brain about posture and head orientation
a. Corpus callosum
b. Hypothalamus
c. Thalamus
d. Occipital cortex
e. Frontal cortex
f. Vestibulocochlear nerve

Back 145

f. Vestibulocochlear nerve

Front 146

Match the area with the description.
Part of the reticular activating system that "arouses" the brain
a. Corpus callosum
b. Hypothalamus
c. Thalamus
d. Occipital cortex
e. Frontal cortex
f. Locus ceruleus

Back 146

f. Locus ceruleus

Front 147

Which cranial nerve (name and number) is the most important for controlling autonomic function?

Back 147

X – vagus

Front 148

Which cranial nerve (name and number) provides the brain with information about your posture?

Back 148

VIII – vestibulocochlear, or auditory

Front 149

Give the name and number of one of the cranial nerves that control eye movements.

Back 149

VI – abducens, IV – trochlear, III – oculomotor

Front 150

Name one of the pyramidal motor pathways.

Back 150

Corticospinal tract of corticobulbar tract

Front 151

Which extra pyramidal motor pathway does not receive information from the cortex.

Back 151

Vestibulospinal tract

Front 152

Which sensory pathway mediates pain sensations?

Back 152

Spinothalamic tract

Front 153

True/False
Caudate nucleus, substantia pars compacta, subthalamic nucleus, thalamus and the internal segment of globus pallidus are all components of basal ganglia.

Back 153

False. Caudate nucleus, putamen and globus pallidus

Front 154

Which neurotransmitter is produced by a subset of neurons that are destroyed in the pathogenetic process of Parkinson’s disease:
a. GABA
b. Acetylcholine
c. Levodopa
d. Dopamine

Back 154

d. Dopamine