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136 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
1. What did the Renaissance revive?
The term means rebirth, and in this context, it refers to a revival of art and learning. The educated men and women of Italy hoped to bring back to life the culture of classical Greece and Rome.
2. How did the Renaissance spread through Europe? Be able to id on a map
Italy (Florence and Milan), Northern Italy, Germany, France, England
3. What is the best know book written by Desiderius Erasmus?
The Praise of Folly. This book poked fun at greedy merchants, heartsick lovers, quarrelsome scholars, and pompous priests.
4. What is meant by someone calling you a Renaissance individual?
You are involved in several interests (science, writing, art, music, sports).
5. What was the “Act of Supremacy” and who issued it?
The Act of Supremacy called on people to take an oath recognizing the divorce and accepting Henry, not the pope, as the official head of England's Church. It was issued by Henry the VIII
6. What family ruled the Holy Roman Empire during the 30 Years War?
The Hapsburg Family
7. Who were the important leaders of the Reformation?
Martin Luther, John Calvin and Henry VIII and Elizabeth
8. What was the purpose of the Council of Trent?
It was set up by the Catholic Church to stop the spread of reformation (protestantism) and reform the catholic church. It was in Northern Italy from 1545 to 1563
9. What was the Catholic church that controlled the church doctrine during the Counter Reformation?
Vatican?
10. What did the Edict of Nantes allow and where was it done?
Henry IX of France declared that the Huguenots could live in peace in France and set up their own houses of worship in some cities. The edit of Nantes was a declaration of religious toleration.
11. What invention allowed for the quick spreading of new religions during the Reformation?
Gutenburg Press from Mainz, Germany. The Gutenburg Bible
12. What are several long term impacts of the Reformation?
Through its religious, social, and political effects, the Reformation set the stage for the modern world. It also ended the Christian unity of Europe and left it culturally divided
13. What are the central tenets and the leaders of Christianity, Islam, Judaism, Buddhism and Hinduism?
See the Power Point Notes on Religion
Map Locations:
Ghana
see Power Point
Silk Road
see Power Point
Ottoman Empire
see Power Point
Mughai Empire
see Power Point
Aztec, Incan, Mayan
see Power Point
15. Who was Henry the Navigator?
Prince Henry of Portugal (1394 - 1460); he promoted Portuguese exploration so historians call him "the Navigator."
16. Who was the first explorer to circumvent the earth in a ship?
Magellen
17. Who defeated the Incans, Aztecs?
Cortez with Aztecs and Pizzaro with the Incas
18. Who was the first European explorer to reach India by ship?
Vasco DaGama
19. What is meant by the “Columbian exchange?”
The Columbian Exchange was a dramatically widespread exchange of animals, plants, culture, human populations, communicable diseases, and ideas between the Eastern and Western Hemispheres
20. What were the negatives repercussions (American holocaust) of Columbus’ voyage?
Millions of natives of Western Hemisphere died because Europe brought diseases and wars to the New World
21. First European nation to explore the Americas (and sponsor Columbus)
Portugal
22. Reasons Europeans explored the Americas
To find a sea route to the spices of Asia, to find gold, silver, and precious stones, to expand their knowledge of the world, to control a larger empire, to expand Christianity and to find animal furs.
23. First explorer to reach India by water?
Vasco DaGama
24. What were the three reasons the explorers first came to the Americas?
To find a sea route to the spices of Asia, to find gold, silver, and precious stones, to expand their knowledge of the world, to control a larger empire, to expand Christianity and to find animal furs.
25. What was the Triangle of Trade? What was the Middle Passage (id it on a map)
Africans transported to the Americas were part of a transatlantic trading network known as the triangular trade . Over one trade route, Europeans transported manufactured goods to the west coast of Africa. There, traders exchanged these goods for captured Africans. The Africans were then transported across the Atlantic and sold in the West Indies. Merchants bought sugar, coffee, and tobacco in the West Indies and sailed to Europe with these products. On another triangular route, merchants carried rum and other goods from the New England colonies to Africa. There they exchanged their merchandise for Africans. The traders transported the Africans to the West Indies and sold them for sugar and molasses. They then sold these goods to rum producers in New England.
26. Where were the majority of African slaves sent in the Americas?
The Carribean
27. Which nation was the first to fully explore the Americans after sponsoring Columbus?
Spain
28. Briefly detail the benefits and shortcomings that resulted from Columbus’s voyages to the Americas.
Some argue they were the heroic first steps in the creation of great and democratic societies. Others claim they were the beginnings of an era of widespread cruelty, bloodshed, and epidemic disease.
29. Who was the French explorer who colonized Canada?
Frenchman Jacques Cartier reached a gulf off the eastern coast of Canada that led to a broad river. Cartier named it the St. Lawrence.
30. What were the social reforms implemented by Peter the Great?
Introduced potatoes, started Russia's first newspaper, raised women's status and advanced education
31. Who said “I am the state” and what did he mean? Where did he live?
King Louis XIV of France, he said this because he thought he and the government were "one" (the same).
32. How was Frederick the Great an absolute monarch?
To protect their lands, the Great Elector and his descendants moved toward absolute monarchy. They created a standing army, the best in Europe. They built it to a force of 80,000 men. To pay for the army, they introduced permanent taxation. Beginning with the Great Elector's son, they called themselves kings. They also weakened the representative assemblies of their territories.
33. What is meant by divine right?
Absolute monarchs believed in divine right , the idea that God created the monarchy and that the monarch acted as God's representative on Earth. An absolute monarch answered only to God, not to his or her subjects.
34. Who overthrew Charles I during the English Civil War and who lead this group?
The Roundheads (Puritans) overthrew Charles I and the leader was Oliver Cromwell
35. What was the Glorious Revolution and who came to power in England in it?
William and Mary came to power. Mary overthrew her half brother James II of England. It was a bloodless revolution.
36. Who were the leading scientists of the Scientific Revolution and what did each contribute?
"Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomer; Sun is center of our universe, book called On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Bodies
37. What is the Heliocentric Theory?
After studying planetary movements for more than 25 years, Copernicus reasoned that indeed, the stars, the earth, and the other planets revolved around the sun.
1. Copernicus
Heliocentric Theory; astronomer
2. Veslius
Studied Human Body
3. Harvey
Heart
4. Newton
Gravity
5. Galileo
Telescope; astronomer
39. What was the Enlightenment?
A new intellectual movement that stressed reason and thought and the power of individuals to solve problems. Known also as the Age of Reason, the movement reached its height in the mid-1700s and brought great change to many aspects of Western civilization.
40. What is a social contract?
To escape such a bleak life, people had to hand over their rights to a strong ruler. In exchange, they gained law and order.
41. Detail some of the leading musicians in the Enlightenment period.
Mozart, Handel and Beethoven
1.Arguments of John Locke
Locke believed that people could learn from experience and improve themselves. As reasonable beings, they had the natural ability to govern their own affairs and to look after the welfare of society. Locke criticized absolute monarchy and favored the idea of self-government.
2. Thomas Hobbes
Hobbes believed all humans were naturally selfish and wicked. Hobbes argued that to escape such a bleak life, people had to hand over their rights to a strong ruler. In exchange, they gained law and order.
3. Voltaire
Voltaire believed in tolerance, reason, freedom of religious belief, and freedom of speech.
4. Thomas Jefferson
Jefferson believed that all men created equal and they had rights to life, liberty and property (like Locke)
43. What are your natural rights (3 of them)?
Life, liberty and property
44. What was Jefferson’s contribution to the American Revolution?
Declaration of Independence
45. What was the cause of the French Revolution? How were many people put to death in it?
Class differences in wealth (Haves and Have-nots), debt (country was bankrupt), weak leadership. 40,000 in first year.
46. What was the Napoleonic Code?
"Authored by Napoleon, it gave the country a uniform set of laws and eliminated many injustices. However, it actually limited liberty and promoted order and authority over individual rights. For example, freedom of speech and of the press, established during the Revolution, were restricted under the code. The code also restored slavery in the French colonies of the Caribbean.
47. What was the Congress of Vienna? Was it a conservative or liberal endeavor?
Thegoal of the Congress of Vienna was to create a new European order; one of collective security and stability for the entire continent. This was a series of meetings in Vienna which took eight months. CONSERVATIVE?
48. What are the different levels of society in colonial South America?
49. What was the role of the following in American revolutions and be able to identify their countries on a map
1. Miduel Hidalgo
Priest who help with overthrowing Spanish in Mexico
2. Simon Bolivar
Led revolution against Venzuela; Spain
3. Toussaint “L’ouverture
Helped revolutions in San Dominque (Haiti); French
4. Jose San Martin
Led revolution against Argentina; Spain
50. What was the root cause of the South American revolutions?
Wanted to be free of European Masters, elightenment and American Revolution positvie outcome.
51. What was the Industrial Revolution?
The Industrial Revolution refers to the greatly increased output of machine-made goods that began in England in the middle 1700s. Before the Industrial Revolution, people wove textiles by hand. Then, machines began to do this and other jobs.
52. Who invented the steam engine? Interchangeable parts? Cotton Gin?
53. What was the contribution of each of the following?
1. Louis Pasteur
Homogenized milk (clean milk)
2. Edward Jenner
Small pox vaccine
3. James Watt
Electricity
54. Where is “Prussia” today?
Germany
1. What did the Renaissance revive?
The term means rebirth, and in this context, it refers to a revival of art and learning. The educated men and women of Italy hoped to bring back to life the culture of classical Greece and Rome.
2. How did the Renaissance spread through Europe? Be able to id on a map
Italy (Florence and Milan), Northern Italy, Germany, France, England
3. What is the best know book written by Desiderius Erasmus?
The Praise of Folly. This book poked fun at greedy merchants, heartsick lovers, quarrelsome scholars, and pompous priests.
4. What is meant by someone calling you a Renaissance individual?
You are involved in several interests (science, writing, art, music, sports).
5. What was the “Act of Supremacy” and who issued it?
The Act of Supremacy called on people to take an oath recognizing the divorce and accepting Henry, not the pope, as the official head of England's Church. It was issued by Henry the VIII
6. What family ruled the Holy Roman Empire during the 30 Years War?
The Hapsburg Family
7. Who were the important leaders of the Reformation?
Martin Luther, John Calvin and Henry VIII and Elizabeth
8. What was the purpose of the Council of Trent?
It was set up by the Catholic Church to stop the spread of reformation (protestantism) and reform the catholic church. It was in Northern Italy from 1545 to 1563
9. What was the Catholic church that controlled the church doctrine during the Counter Reformation?
Vatican?
10. What did the Edict of Nantes allow and where was it done?
Henry IX of France declared that the Huguenots could live in peace in France and set up their own houses of worship in some cities. The edit of Nantes was a declaration of religious toleration.
11. What invention allowed for the quick spreading of new religions during the Reformation?
Gutenburg Press from Mainz, Germany. The Gutenburg Bible
12. What are several long term impacts of the Reformation?
Through its religious, social, and political effects, the Reformation set the stage for the modern world. It also ended the Christian unity of Europe and left it culturally divided
13. What are the central tenets and the leaders of Christianity, Islam, Judaism, Buddhism and Hinduism?
See the Power Point Notes on Religion
15. Who was Henry the Navigator?
Prince Henry of Portugal (1394 - 1460); he promoted Portuguese exploration so historians call him "the Navigator."
16. Who was the first explorer to circumvent the earth in a ship?
Magellen
17. Who defeated the Incans, Aztecs?
Cortez with Aztecs and Pizzaro with the Incas
18. Who was the first European explorer to reach India by ship?
Vasco DaGama
19. What is meant by the “Columbian exchange?”
The Columbian Exchange was a dramatically widespread exchange of animals, plants, culture, human populations, communicable diseases, and ideas between the Eastern and Western Hemispheres
20. What were the negatives repercussions (American holocaust) of Columbus’ voyage?
Millions of natives of Western Hemisphere died because Europe brought diseases and wars to the New World
21. First European nation to explore the Americas (and sponsor Columbus)
Portugal
22. Reasons Europeans explored the Americas
To find a sea route to the spices of Asia, to find gold, silver, and precious stones, to expand their knowledge of the world, to control a larger empire, to expand Christianity and to find animal furs.
23. First explorer to reach India by water?
Vasco DaGama
24. What were the three reasons the explorers first came to the Americas?
To find a sea route to the spices of Asia, to find gold, silver, and precious stones, to expand their knowledge of the world, to control a larger empire, to expand Christianity and to find animal furs.
25. What was the Triangle of Trade? What was the Middle Passage (id it on a map)
Africans transported to the Americas were part of a transatlantic trading network known as the triangular trade . Over one trade route, Europeans transported manufactured goods to the west coast of Africa. There, traders exchanged these goods for captured Africans. The Africans were then transported across the Atlantic and sold in the West Indies. Merchants bought sugar, coffee, and tobacco in the West Indies and sailed to Europe with these products. On another triangular route, merchants carried rum and other goods from the New England colonies to Africa. There they exchanged their merchandise for Africans. The traders transported the Africans to the West Indies and sold them for sugar and molasses. They then sold these goods to rum producers in New England.
26. Where were the majority of African slaves sent in the Americas?
The Carribean
27. Which nation was the first to fully explore the Americans after sponsoring Columbus?
Spain
28. Briefly detail the benefits and shortcomings that resulted from Columbus’s voyages to the Americas.
Some argue they were the heroic first steps in the creation of great and democratic societies. Others claim they were the beginnings of an era of widespread cruelty, bloodshed, and epidemic disease.
29. Who was the French explorer who colonized Canada?
Frenchman Jacques Cartier reached a gulf off the eastern coast of Canada that led to a broad river. Cartier named it the St. Lawrence.
30. What were the social reforms implemented by Peter the Great?
Introduced potatoes, started Russia's first newspaper, raised women's status and advanced education
31. Who said “I am the state” and what did he mean? Where did he live?
King Louis XIV of France, he said this because he thought he and the government were "one" (the same).
32. How was Frederick the Great an absolute monarch?
To protect their lands, the Great Elector and his descendants moved toward absolute monarchy. They created a standing army, the best in Europe. They built it to a force of 80,000 men. To pay for the army, they introduced permanent taxation. Beginning with the Great Elector's son, they called themselves kings. They also weakened the representative assemblies of their territories.
33. What is meant by divine right?
Absolute monarchs believed in divine right , the idea that God created the monarchy and that the monarch acted as God's representative on Earth. An absolute monarch answered only to God, not to his or her subjects.
34. Who overthrew Charles I during the English Civil War and who lead this group?
The Roundheads (Puritans) overthrew Charles I and the leader was Oliver Cromwell
35. What was the Glorious Revolution and who came to power in England in it?
William and Mary came to power. Mary overthrew her half brother James II of England. It was a bloodless revolution.
36. Who were the leading scientists of the Scientific Revolution and what did each contribute?
"Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomer; Sun is center of our universe, book called On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Bodies
37. What is the Heliocentric Theory?
After studying planetary movements for more than 25 years, Copernicus reasoned that indeed, the stars, the earth, and the other planets revolved around the sun.
1. Copernicus
Heliocentric Theory; astronomer
2. Veslius
Studied Human Body
3. Harvey
Heart
4. Newton
Gravity
5. Galileo
Telescope; astronomer
39. What was the Enlightenment?
A new intellectual movement that stressed reason and thought and the power of individuals to solve problems. Known also as the Age of Reason, the movement reached its height in the mid-1700s and brought great change to many aspects of Western civilization.
40. What is a social contract?
To escape such a bleak life, people had to hand over their rights to a strong ruler. In exchange, they gained law and order.
41. Detail some of the leading musicians in the Enlightenment period.
Mozart, Handel and Beethoven
1.Arguments of John Locke
Locke believed that people could learn from experience and improve themselves. As reasonable beings, they had the natural ability to govern their own affairs and to look after the welfare of society. Locke criticized absolute monarchy and favored the idea of self-government.
2. Thomas Hobbes
Hobbes believed all humans were naturally selfish and wicked. Hobbes argued that to escape such a bleak life, people had to hand over their rights to a strong ruler. In exchange, they gained law and order.
3. Voltaire
Voltaire believed in tolerance, reason, freedom of religious belief, and freedom of speech.
4. Thomas Jefferson
Jefferson believed that all men created equal and they had rights to life, liberty and property (like Locke)
43. What are your natural rights (3 of them)?
Life, liberty and property
44. What was Jefferson’s contribution to the American Revolution?
Declaration of Independence
45. What was the cause of the French Revolution? How were many people put to death in it?
Class differences in wealth (Haves and Have-nots), debt (country was bankrupt), weak leadership. 40,000 in first year.
46. What was the Napoleonic Code?
"Authored by Napoleon, it gave the country a uniform set of laws and eliminated many injustices. However, it actually limited liberty and promoted order and authority over individual rights. For example, freedom of speech and of the press, established during the Revolution, were restricted under the code. The code also restored slavery in the French colonies of the Caribbean.
47. What was the Congress of Vienna? Was it a conservative or liberal endeavor?
Thegoal of the Congress of Vienna was to create a new European order; one of collective security and stability for the entire continent. This was a series of meetings in Vienna which took eight months. CONSERVATIVE?
1. Miduel Hidalgo
Priest who help with overthrowing Spanish in Mexico
2. Simon Bolivar
Led revolution against Venzuela; Spain
3. Toussaint “L’ouverture
Helped revolutions in San Dominque (Haiti); French
4. Jose San Martin
Led revolution against Argentina; Spain
50. What was the root cause of the South American revolutions?
Wanted to be free of European Masters, elightenment and American Revolution positvie outcome.
51. What was the Industrial Revolution?
The Industrial Revolution refers to the greatly increased output of machine-made goods that began in England in the middle 1700s. Before the Industrial Revolution, people wove textiles by hand. Then, machines began to do this and other jobs.
1. Louis Pasteur
Homogenized milk (clean milk)
2. Edward Jenner
Small pox vaccine
3. James Watt
Electricity
54. Where is “Prussia” today?
Germany