Pat's Cardiac Terminology

Front 1

THRILL

Back 1

Fine vibration felt by the hand on the chest surface resulting from a loud murmur

Front 2

BRUIT

Back 2

Abnormal heart sound heard by listening with a stehoscope - indicates increased turbulence often caused by a partial obstruction

Front 3

MURMUR

Back 3

Sound heard thru stethoscope produced by abnormal opening and closing of heart valves and abnormal blood flow thru heart. Murmurs are not aloways considered to be abnormal

Front 4

PULSUS ALTERNANS

Back 4

Alternating pulse. Mechanical alternation, a pulse regular in time but with alternate beats stronger and weaker. Often detectable only with sphygmomanometer and usually indeacates (L) ventricular failure and accompanied by a (L)sided S3 sound

Front 5

PARADOXICAL PULSE

Back 5

An exaggeration of normal variation in pulse volume with respiration, becoming weaker with inspiration and stronger with expiration. Characteristic of cardiac tamponade. Changes are independent of changes in cardiac rate measured directly or by EKG

Front 6

THIRD HEART SOUND

Back 6

Occurs in early diastole and corresponds with the end of the first phase of rapid ventricular filling. Normal in childrean and younger people, but abnormal in others

Front 7

FOURTH HEART SOUND

Back 7

The sound produced in late diastole in association with ventricular filling due to atrial systole and related to reduced ventricular compliance. A low frequency oscillation that may be normal in elderly due to decline in ventricular compliance, but is nearly always abnormal at younger ages, if high intensity or palpable. Common in ventricular hypertrophy, esp. in HTN and invariable during acute MI. Fourht heart sounds may arise from (R) or (L) vntricle or both

Front 8

PERICARDIAL FRICTION RUB

Back 8

Auscultatory sound produced by rubbing together of inflamed pericardial membranes in pericarditis. Also called pericardial rub

Front 9

CARDIAC TAMPONADE

Back 9

Interference with venous return of blood to heart due to extensive accumulation of blood in the pericardium (pericardial effusion). Tamponade may occur as complication of dissecting thoracic aneurys, pericarditis, renal failure, acute MI, hypothyroidism, autoimmune disease (ie,lupus), chest trauma or a malignancy. Fluid in the pericardial sac can by seen on an EKG. Treatment involves emergent fluid removal, by needle aspiration or ER surgery (pericardial window)

Front 10

COR PULMONALE

Back 10

Enlargement of (R) ventricle due to pulmonary HTN that may occur due to emphysema or bronchiectasis. (R) ventricle eventually weakens resulting in (R)sided CHF

Front 11

DEXTROCARDIA

Back 11

Location of the heart in (R) hemithorax due to disease process or congenital mirror-image reversal

Front 12

TETRALOGY OF FALLOT

Back 12

A congenital anolmaly which consists of pulmonary stenosis, ventricular septal defect, dextroposition of the aorta (aorta is on (R) side instead of (L) and hypertrophy of (R) ventricle. Condition results in a blue baby at birth due to inadequate O2. Requires ER surgery

Front 13

WOLFF-PARKINSON-WHITE SYNDROME

Back 13

A form of pre-excitation characterized by short PR interval and a long QRS interval with a delta wave

Front 14

ORTHOSTATIC OR POSTURAL HYPOTENSION

Back 14

Low BP when rising from chair or bed. Drop in BP precipitated by changes in body position. May be related to hydration status, drug S.E. or caused by dysfunction in ANS' ability to maintain BP with positional changes(ie autonomic neuropathy due to diabetes)

Front 15

PISTOL-SHOT SOUND

Back 15

Sound created by lightly compressing an artery during aortic regurgitation. Sometimes is audible without compression

Front 16

COARCTATION OF AORTA

Back 16

A congenital heart defect that results in narrowing of the lumen of the aorta. Narrowing occurs most often distal to the origin of the (L) subclavian a. Coarctation occurs in approx 7% of pts with congenital heart dis. and is twice as common in males. Surgery is req'd. Symptoms include HA, dizziness, fainting, nosebleeds, diminished pulses in LE and mm cramps in leges with activity. Some indivs may be asymptomatic

Front 17

PATENT DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS

Back 17

A condition where normal channel b/w pulmonary a. and the aorta fails to close at birth. After birth this channel normally closes in response to lung ventilation. Affected infants demo poor growth, SOB, and rapid respiratory rate. Diagnosed by EKG. Treatment involves indomethacin to stimulate ductus arteriosus closure. Surgical ligation will be req'd in unresponsive cases

Front 18

STOKES-ADAMS SYNDROME

Back 18

Transient asystole or ventricular fibrillation in presence of AV Block

Front 19

RAYNAUD'S PHENOMENON

Back 19

Intermittent bilateral attacks of ischemia of the fingers or toes and sometimes ears or nose. Marked by severe pallor and often accompanied by paraesthesia and pain. Brought on by cold or emotional stimuli and relieved by heat. When idiopathic or primary it's called Raynaud's Disease

Front 20

BUERGER'S DISEASE

Back 20

Thromboangiitis Obliterns: A progressive occlusive dis. of the arteries and veins in LE's Cause is unknown. Smoking accelerates the occlusive effects of the dis. It's autoimmune in nature

Front 21

ALLEN TEST

Back 21

A test for radial or ulnar patency. Radial or ulnar a. is digitally compressed by examiner after blood has been forced out of the hand by clenching it into a fist. Failure of blood to diffuse back into the hand when opened indicates that the artery not compressed is occluded

Front 22

PITTING EDEMA

Back 22

Swelling of subcutaneous tissues caused by obstruction of lymphatic drainage. Results from fluid accumulation and may arise from surgery, radiation or the presence of a tumor in the area of the lymph nodes

Front 23

LYMPHEDEMA

Back 23

Swelling of subcutaneous tissues caused by obstruction of lymphatic drainage. It results from fluid accumulation and may arise from surgery, radiation or presence of a tumor in the area of the lymph nodes