Patient Care Test 3C

Front 1

What is a Z-score in bone density

Back 1

Compares you with another person of your age

Front 2

What is a T-score in bone density?

Back 2

Compares you with a healthy young adult

Front 3

Osteoporosis

Back 3

Bones that are less dense

Front 4

Osteopenia

Back 4

Low bone mass

Front 5

Height indication for Osteoporosis

Back 5

Height loss of 1 in. or more

Front 6

Shock

Back 6

sudden drop in blood flow- failure of the circulatory system - compromises the kidney

Front 7

Grand Mal

Back 7

Violent tremors
Protect patient from injury
Post-ictal period, patient may be unaware of seizure and will be tired

Front 8

Petit Mal (absence seizure)

Back 8

momentary loss of consciousness

Front 9

Syncope

Back 9

Fainting, or syncope, is a very mild form of shock that sometimes occurs when fright, pain, or unpleasant events are beyond the coping ability of the patient's nervous system.

Front 10

Anaphylactic

Back 10

Allergic shock, also called anaphylaxis or anaphylactic shock, occurs when individuals are exposed to foreign substances to which they are sensitized

Front 11

Intradermal

Back 11

- injections are parenteral injections between the layers of the skin.

Front 12

Subcutaneous

Back 12

-- injections instill medications into the fatty tissue layer beneath the skin

Front 13

Intramuscular

Back 13

-- (into the muscle) or IM

Front 14

Intrathecal

Back 14

-- contrast medium is to be injected through a spinal needle directly into the subarachnoid space.

Front 15

Order of Exams

Back 15

IVU
BE - Prep and enemas until clear, continue next day
ESOPH.
UGI
SBS

Front 16

Name some negative contrast

Back 16

Air, CO2 crystals and oxygen

Front 17

Negative contrast is radiolucent, does it increase or decrease density?

Back 17

Increases density

Front 18

How does negative contrast affect a radiograph?

Back 18

It is radiopaque and decreases radiographic density

Front 19

Which has high and which has a low atomic number with contrast?

Back 19

Positive are high atomic numbers and negative are low atomic numbers, (Z number)

Front 20

What are some examples of positive contrast?

Back 20

Barium sulfate and iodinated contrast

Front 21

Inspissation

Back 21

Process of thickening by dehydration

Front 22

What is BASO4?

Back 22

Barium Sulfate

Front 23

What does Iodine Concentration determine?

Back 23

The degree of attenuation

Front 24

Epistaxis

Back 24

Nose bleed

Front 25

How does higher and lower concentration of iodine affect the radiograph?

Back 25

Higher is more viscose and toxic, and provides a greater contrast (more white)

Front 26

“Number of particles in solution per kg of water”

Back 26

Osmolarity (higher has bigger risk)

Front 27

List some Fun Viscosity facts

Back 27

“Measure of the resistance of fluid to flow”
You can warm iodine contrast to make it thinner
Consideration for …flow rate, injection time, and needle size

Front 28

Ionic Media vs. Non-Ionic Media?

Back 28

non-ionic contrasts have low osmolarity, with low iodine concentration and when injected are less toxic and are less likely to result in adverse reactions

Front 29

Toxicity of a contrast medium is related to:

Back 29

Iodine concentration
Osmolarity
Ionization characteristics
Rate of injection
Total amount administered

Front 30

How is Water-soluble Contrast administered?

Back 30

oral, vaginal, intravenous, and arterial routes

Front 31

How are Gastrografin and Hypaque Sodium administered?

Back 31

Gastrografin and Hypaque Sodium Oral

Front 32

Enteral

Back 32

“into the alimentary canal”

Front 33

NG tube

Back 33

Nasogastric tube - Tube in the nose

Front 34

Gastrostomy tube

Back 34

Tube that goes through skin into stomach =.

Front 35

TPN

Back 35

Total Parenteral Nutrition -(TPN) is a way of supplying all the nutritional needs of the body by bypassing the digestive system and dripping nutrient solution directly into a vein.

Front 36

PEG tube

Back 36

Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy

Front 37

Intrathecally

Back 37

“into the fluid-filled space between the thin layers of tissue that cover the brain and spinal cord; i.e. within the spinal canal”

Front 38

Myelography

Back 38

intrathecal injection via lumbar puncture

Front 39

Contrast-- Intravenous / intra-arterially / direct injection into organs

Back 39

- when injected, they circulate in the blood and are excreted by the kidneys.

Front 40

How is contrast given for Excretory urography (IVU)?

Back 40

Intravenously for urography studies

Front 41

How is contrast given for arteriography studies ?

Back 41

Intra-arterially
Direct injection into the structures to be visualized:

Front 42

How is contrast given for Arthrography?

Back 42

Into the joint capsule

Front 43

How is contrast given for HSG?

Back 43

Into the cervix via cervical cannula?

Front 44

How is contrast given for Cystography?

Back 44

Via foley catheter

Front 45

How is contrast given for Retrograde Urography?

Back 45

Catheter via cystoscope into ureter

Front 46

How is contrast given for Discography?

Back 46

Directly into intervertebral disk space in spine)

Front 47

Saline/Heparin lock

Back 47

A catheter with short tubing. Used for easy vessel access

Front 48

BUN

Back 48

blood urea nitrogen: 8 – 25

Front 49

Check creatinine for what? Should be?

Back 49

0.6 – 1.2 for an IUV

Front 50

What are the three kinds of positive contrast?

Back 50

Water based barium sulfate and oil based.

Front 51

What is a Pneumothorax and what tube is used to treat it?

Back 51

air in the pleural cavity..a collapsed lung, a chest tube

Front 52

What is an ET tube?

Back 52

Endotracheal tube- inserted in the mouth and to the bifurcation of the trachea

Front 53

What is a Swan-Ganz Catheter?

Back 53

Balloon tipped catheter used to measure heart pressure, and cardiac output

Front 54

What are Central Venous Catheters?

Back 54

Used for: repeated venous access, transfusion, chemotherapy, antibiotic therapy, TPN, blood draws (Inserted in the upper chest or neck)
Chest x-ray taken for placement and to check for Pneumothorax. Types (Hickman, Triple lumen, Groshong, CVP (central venous pressure))

Front 55

PICC line

Back 55

Peripherally inserted central catheter ..long, slender, small, flexible tube that is inserted into a peripheral vein, typically in the upper arm, and advanced until the catheter tip terminates in a large vein in the chest near the heart to obtain intravenous access

Front 56

Port-a-cath

Back 56

Self-sealing port placed under the skin
Patient is injected through the skin into the port
TIVAS (totally implantable venous access system)

Front 57

NG Tube

Back 57

Nasogastric tube- inserted in nose to the stomach
Dobbhoff

Front 58

PEG Tube

Back 58

(Percutaneous Edoscopic Gastrostomy) passed into a patient's stomach through the abdominal wall

Front 59

Urinary Catheter

Back 59

Foley Catheter- Always clamp the catheter during exams to visualize the bladder

Front 60

Ureteral stents

Back 60

Inserted from bladder to renal pelvis
Double J

Front 61

Ph Probe

Back 61

Used to test for reflux disorder

Front 62

nasal cannula (tubing)

Back 62

The oxygen should be delivered at a rate of 1 to 6 liters per minute (L/min)

Front 63

Greenstick Fracture

Back 63

one side of the bone is broken and the other side is bent.

Front 64

Spiral / Torsion Fracture

Back 64

bone has been twisted apart.

Front 65

Transverse Fracture

Back 65

line of break forms a right angle with the axis of the bone

Front 66

Avulsion Fracture

Back 66

joint capsule, ligament, tendon, or muscle is pulled from a bone, taking with it a fragment of the bone to which it was attached.

Front 67

Impacted Fracture

Back 67

one of the fragments is driven into another fragment.

Front 68

Colles’ Fracture

Back 68

fracture of the radius of the wrist in which the lower fragment becomes displaced dorsally.

Front 69

Comminuted Fracture

Back 69

bone is broken, splintered or crushed into a number of pieces.

Front 70

What does APGAR stand for?

Back 70

A - Activity
P - Pulse
G - Grimace
A - Appearance
R - Respiration

Front 71

Eyes open Glasgow

Back 71

Spontaneously = 4
To speech = 3
To pain = 2
None = 1

Front 72

Verbal response Glasgow

Back 72

Oriented 5
Confused 4
Inappropriate words 3
Incomprehensible sounds 2
None 1

Front 73

Motor response Glasgow

Back 73

Obeys commands 6
Localized pain 5
Flexion withdrawal 4
Abnormal flexion 3
Abnormal extension 2
Flaccid 1

Front 74

What is the Highest Possible Score on the Glasgow Coma Scale?

Back 74

15

Front 75

What are the numeric values for APGAR? (each has 0 1 or 2)

Back 75

1-10 scale
7-10 is normal
4-7 may need resuscitative measures
3 or less needs immediate resuscitative measures

Front 76

What is the trade name for Diphenhydramine Hydrochloride?

Back 76

Benadryl

Front 77

What is the most frequently used OTC drug to treat allergies and hypersensitive reactions?

Back 77

Diphenhydramine Hydrochloride

Front 78

How is Epinephrine (Adrenaline) administered?

Back 78

subcutaneously, Intramuscularly, or Intravenously

Front 79

What is Epinephrine (Adrenaline)?

Back 79

Bronchodilator and vasoconstrictor to counteract severe allergic reactions

Front 80

What rapid treatment with epinephrine , can sometimes be life-saving?

Back 80

sometimes an epi-pen, can be life-saving.

Front 81

What is given orally before injection of iodinated contrasts to patients who are at risk of having an allergic reaction?

Back 81

Diphenhydramine Hydrochloride

Front 82

What steroid antihistamine reduces edema of the bronchial tree?

Back 82

SoluMedrol (Methylprednisolone)

Front 83

Cortisone….just say some things about it

Back 83

anti-inflammatory, steroid drug
administered intravenously or topically (on the skin)
Can reduce bone density over time

Front 84

Drugs that relieve pain by acting on the peripheral and central nervous system

Back 84

Analgesics
Analgesic sedatives with potential for addiction

Front 85

Opioids (narcotics)

Back 85

Classified as controlled substances
Depresses the CNS, relieving pain and producing drowsiness.
Excessive doses can result in depressed respirations, coma, and possible death.

Front 86

Anticoagulant

Back 86

inhibits the clotting mechanism of the blood
used to keep IV lines and arterial catheters open during diagnostic procedures.
e.g. Heparin, Coumadin

Front 87

Sedatives

Back 87

e.g. Barbiturates, Phenobarbital
depresses the CNS, resulting in calmness, relaxation, reduction of anxiety, sleepiness, slurred speech, poor judgment, and slow reflexes.

Front 88

Tranquilizers..i.e. (Xanax, Valium, Ativan,Versed)

Back 88

Reduce anxiety and tension
Used for operative patients and certain radiographic examinations (e.g. endoscopy, MRI)
At low doses do not impair mental activity, but as dosage increases, patients tend to feel drowsy and have reduced mental capacity

Front 89

What is APGAR used for?

Back 89

Simple and repeatable method to quickly and summarily assess the health of newborn children immediately after birth

Front 90

What steroid antihistamine reduces edema of the bronchial tree?

Back 90

SoluMedrol (Methylprednisolone)

Front 91

French Catheter scale

Back 91

1 Fr = 0.33 mm Direct sizing

Front 92

NSAID

Back 92

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
Reduce pain, fever, inflammation
Advil, Motrin(ibuprofen) Aleve (naproxen)
Celebrex, Vioxx, Bextra are by prescription

Front 93

Angina

Back 93

Pain

Front 94

Pectoris

Back 94

Chest

Front 95

Diaphoresis

Back 95

Excessive sweating

Front 96

Symptoms of Respiratory distress

Back 96

Symptoms: labored, noisy breathing; wheezing; diaphoresis; anxiety; cyanosis

Front 97

Sublingually

Back 97

Drugs placed under the tongue or inside the cheek

Front 98

Subcutaneous

Back 98

“Under the skin” 45^

Front 99

Venipunctures

Back 99

Surgical puncture of a vein especially for the withdrawal of blood or for administration of intravenous fluids or drugs

Front 100

Extravasation (intravenous)

Back 100

When you miss the vein and get the drug in the surrounding tissue.

Front 101

Hypovolemic Shock

Back 101

Low-volume shock, replace fluids for treatment

Front 102

Septic Shock

Back 102

Massive infection, drop in blood pressure happens

Front 103

Neurogenic Shock

Back 103

The failure of arterial resistance, causes a pooling of blood in peripheral vessels.

Front 104

Cardiogenic Shock

Back 104

Cardiac failure or interference with heart function. A pulmonary embolus or a reaction to anesthesia may initiate such an event.