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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What wave forms should be used when muscle contraction is the goal? (innervated muscle)
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Pulsed bi-phasic
Russian |
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What pulse duration should be used when muscle contraction is the goal? (innervated muscle)
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150-350 us.
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Tetanizing contraction occurs when frequency =?
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>/= 30 Hz
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Recomended on:off time when muscle strengthening is the goal?
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On: 6-10 sec
Off: 50-120 sec * 1:5 ratio to start; decrease time off as pt. gets stronger: 1:4, 1:3, etc... |
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Explane ramp time.
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Ramp time is a setting for gradually increasing ampletude to peak for that treatment. Used when on time is 6-10 sec or when facilitating repetetive exercise.
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When is ramp time not used?
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When muscle contraction must occur suddenly.
Ex) when e-stim is used for gait training, where the tibialis ant. is stimulated to dorsiflex when the pt. walks to aid with drop foot syndrome. |
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What should the strength duration parameters approximately be for muscle contraction?
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200,30
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What should the strength duration parameters approximately be for sensory?
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80,20
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What wave forms should be used when sensory level stimulation is the goal?
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Pulsed bi-phasic
Interferential |
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What are the different types of TENS treatment?
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Conventional (high-rate)
Acupuncture-like (low-rate) burst mode modulation breif intense |
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Acupuncture-like/low-rate TENS
-pain moddulating effects? -Treatment time? -amplitude? -Frequency? -pulse duration |
-modulates pain through release of endorphins and enkephalins. repetitive stimulation of motor or nociceptive A-delta nerves to produce repetitive muscle contractions or brief sharp pain can stimulate endogenous opioid production and release
-30-45 mins -to visible contraction -2-10 Hz -200-300 us |
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Conventional/high-rate TENS
-pain moddulating effects? -Treatment time? -amplitude? -Frequency? -pulse duration |
-Modulates pain through gating
-can be worn 24 hours -to produce tingling -150-200 Hz -50-80 us |
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the process of attracting ions is termed?
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galvanotaxis
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positive pole?
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cathode
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negative pole?
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anode
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positive ion?
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anion
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negative ion?
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cation
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range for iontophoresis? why?
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1.0 to 5.0 mA (very low current)
to avoid burns |
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duration of ionto?
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15-30 mins
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what is dosage measured in for ionto?
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mA*min
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default on commercial ionto units is usually?
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40 mA*mins
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clinical indications for ionto?
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inflammatory musculoskeletal conditions
analgesic effect scar modification wound healing edema reduction calcium deposit disintegration hyperhidrosis - excessively sweaty |
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type of injury when positive electrons acumulate during ionto?
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(Acid) HCl acid forms and developes a hard scab-like burn
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type of injury when negative electrons accumulate during ionto?
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(alkalyne) sodium hydroxide forms; melts the sking and deeper burn froms that may take months to heal.
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positively charged meds and what they're used for?
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iodin: break up adhesions (sclerotic agents)
copper sulfate: fungicidal for athlete's foot zinc oxide: bactericidal for ulcers lidocaine: pain reduction |
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negatively charged med and what they're used for?
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acetic acid: degredation of calcium deposites
dexamethasone sodium phosphate: anti-inflammatory effects salicylate: analgesia for myalgia and plantar warts. |
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Hyperhidrosis: what is it and how would you treat?
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excessive sweating of the palms or feet.
apply low intensity DC (15-30 mA) to hand or foot immursed in tap water 3x weekly DO NOT apply to underarms, face, or groin areas... |
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precausions/contraindications to ionto
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adverse reactions to e stim
adverse reactions to the meds sensitivity to the adhesive on electrode precaution: over freckles and/or fair skinned pt.s |
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What is HVPC primarely used for?
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edema control and wound healing
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why would a therapist use combo treatment (US and E-stim)
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when he/she wants to combine the thermal/athermal effects of US with the analgesic/muscle relaxing/spasm reducing effects of E-stim
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causes of muscle weaknes?
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disuse
neural insult muscle trauma |
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why is using E-stim for denervated muscles controvercial?
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on one hand it could retard atrophy and maintain bulk, while on the other hand it interferes with peripheral nerve regeneration...
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what e stim is best for edema control
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HVPC
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When completing an E-stim session you want to?
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observe pt's reaction to stim
turn off unit remove electrodes and inspect skin document tx parameters |
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the effects of electrical current include?
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nerve dopolarization
muscle depolarization ionic effects |
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four methods for finding motor points
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using a chart
moving the pad around making yourslef part of the circuit eletronic motor point |
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chronaxi
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minumum amount of pulse duration required to cause an action potential
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reobase
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minumum amount of amplitude required to cause an action potential
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modulation can occur with both AC and DC? T or F
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True
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contraction order in natural contraction
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slow twitch then fast twitch
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contraction order in artifiial stimulation
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fast twitch then fast twitch
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