Patient Care Exam 3

Front 1

abduction

Back 1

Movement of a body part away from the median plane.

Front 2

adduction

Back 2

Movement of a body part towards the median plane.

Front 3

ankylosis

Back 3

A stiffness of a joint due to abnormal adhesion and rigidity of the bones of the joint, which may be the result of injury or disease.

Front 4

antalgic gait

Back 4

A gait that develops as a way to avoid pain while walking. It is a form of gait abnormality where the stance phase of gait is abnormally shortened relative to the swing phase. It can be a good indication of pain with weight-bearing.

Front 5

arthralgia

Back 5

Joint pain; it is a symptom of injury, infection, illnesses (in particular arthritis) or an allergic reaction to medication.

Front 6

arthrodesis

Back 6

The artificial fusion of joint ossification between two bones via surgery. This is done to relieve intractable pain in a joint which cannot be managed by pain medication, splints, or other normally-indicated treatments.

Front 7

arthroplasty

Back 7

A surgical procedure to restore the integrity and function of a joint. A joint can be restored by resurfacing the bones. An artificial joint (called a prosthesis) may also be used.

Front 8

bursitis

Back 8

The inflammation of one or more bursae (small sacs) of synovial fluid in the body. They are lined with a synovial membrane that secretes a lubricating synovial fluid.

Front 9

calcaneus

Back 9

Bone of the tarsus of the foot which constitutes the heel.

Front 10

cavus

Back 10

A condition in which the foot has a very high arch. Because of this high arch, an excessive amount of weight is placed on the ball and heel of the foot when walking or standing.

Front 11

coxa

Back 11

The hipbone or hip joint.

Front 12

crepitus

Back 12

A grating sound or sensation produced by friction between bone and cartilage or the fractured parts of a bone.

Front 13

cubitus

Back 13

Hinge joint between the forearm and upper arm; elbow.

Front 14

dislocation

Back 14

An injury to a joint in which the ends of the bones are forced from their normal positions.

Front 15

dorsiflexion

Back 15

Flexion of the foot in an upward direction; decreases the angle between the dorsum of the foot and the leg.

Front 16

plantar flexion

Back 16

Flexion of the foot towards the floor; movement which decreases the angle between the sole of the foot and the back of the leg.

Front 17

effusion

Back 17

An escape of fluid into a body cavity.

Front 18

equines

Back 18

* need to check Bates for this one...*

Front 19

eversion

Back 19

Tilting of the sole (of the foot) outwards.

Front 20

gibbus

Back 20

A form of structural kyphosis, where one or more adjacent vertebrae become wedged and create a sharp angulation.

Front 21

internal rotation

Back 21

Rotation towards the center of the body.

Front 22

external rotation

Back 22

Rotation away from the center of the body.

Front 23

inversion

Back 23

Tilting of the sole (of the foot) inwards.

Front 24

extension

Back 24

A straightening movement that increases the angle between body parts.

Front 25

flexion

Back 25

A bending movement that decreases the angle between body parts.

Front 26

functional

Back 26

Best position for a joint to be in if it is going to be fixed, or if its movement is going to be severely limited.

Front 27

genu

Back 27

Knee

Front 28

hallux

Back 28

The first or innermost digit of the foot; big toe.

Front 29

kyphosis

Back 29

Excessive outward curvature of the spine, causing hunching of the back.

Front 30

lordosis

Back 30

Excessive inward curvature of the spine.

Front 31

myalgia

Back 31

Pain in a muscle or group of muscles.

Front 32

neutral position/position of function

Back 32

A comfortable position in which joints are naturally aligned and relaxed.

Front 33

palmar

Back 33

Pertaining to the palm (the grasping side) of the hand.

Front 34

volar

Back 34

Relating to the palm of the hand or the sole of the foot.

Front 35

paresthesia

Back 35

An abnormal sensation, typically tingling or pricking (“pins and needles”), caused chiefly by pressure on or damage to peripheral nerves.

Front 36

pes/pedis

Back 36

Foot

Front 37

planus

Back 37

Even, flat plane.

Front 38

pollex (pollicis)

Back 38

Thumb

Front 39

pronation

Back 39

1) Position where surface of palms (or anatomically, the anterior body) are facing posteriorly or towards the ground.

2) Also occurs when feet roll inwards, placing weight on the inside of the foot.

Front 40

supination

Back 40

1) Position where surface of palms (or anatomically, the anterior body) are facing upwards/anteriorly)

2) Also occurs when feet roll outwards, placing weight on the outside of the foot.

Front 41

proximal

Back 41

Situated nearer to the center of the body or the point of attachment.

Front 42

distal

Back 42

Situated away from the center of the body or from the point of attachment.

Front 43

radicular

Back 43

Of, relating to, or involving a nerve root.

Front 44

recurvatum

Back 44

Backward thrust or bending, for example, of the knee caused by weakness of the quadriceps or a joint disorder.

Front 45

scoliosis

Back 45

Abnormal curvature of the spine.

Front 46

spondylitis

Back 46

An inflammation of the vertebra.

Front 47

spondylolisthesis

Back 47

The forward displacement of a vertebra, especially the fifth lumbar vertebra, most commonly occurring after a break or fracture.

Front 48

spondylosis

Back 48

Spinal degeneration accompanied by pain; osteoarthritis of the vertebral joints.

Front 49

sprain

Back 49

Damage to one or more ligaments in a joint, often caused by trauma or the joint being taken beyond its functional range of motion.

Front 50

strain

Back 50

Injuries that involve the stretching or tearing of a musculo-tendinous structure.

Front 51

subluxation

Back 51

The presence of an incomplete or partial dislocation of a joint.

Front 52

talipes

Back 52

Club foot; affected foot appears to have been rotated internally at the ankle.

Front 53

tendonitis

Back 53

Inflammation or irritation of a tendon.

Front 54

tenosynovitis

Back 54

Inflammation and swelling of a tendon, typically in the wrist, often caused by repetitive movements such as typing.

Front 55

valgus

Back 55

A deformity involving oblique displacement of part of a limb away from the midline.

Front 56

varus

Back 56

A deformity in which an anatomical part is turned inward toward the midline of the body to an abnormal degree

Front 57

genu varum

Back 57

Bow-leggedness; a physical deformity marked by (outward) bowing of the lower leg in relation to the thigh, giving the appearance of an archer's bow.

Front 58

genu valgum

Back 58

Knock-knee; a condition in which the knees angle in and touch one another when the legs are straightened.

Front 59

tumor

Back 59

Swelling, one of the cardinal signs of inflammation.

Front 60

calor

Back 60

Heat; one of the cardinal signs of inflammation.

Front 61

rubor

Back 61

Redness, one of the cardinal signs of inflammation.

Front 62

dolar

Back 62

Pain, one of the cardinal signs of inflammation.

Front 63

affect

Back 63

The provider's objective observation of patient's expressed emotional state.

Front 64

abstract

Back 64

a type of reasoning assessment: ability to explain proverbs; describing similarities or patterns, problem solving etc

Front 65

agnosia

Back 65

The inability to process sensory information - loss of ability to recognize objects, persons, sounds, shapes, or smells while the specific sense is not defective nor is there any significant memory loss. Usually associated with brain injury or neurological illness.

Front 66

aphasia

Back 66

Speechlessness; can range from occasional trouble finding words to losing the ability to speak, read, or write, but does not affect intelligence.

- prior to the illness or injury, the person's language skills were normal.

Front 67

aphonia

Back 67

No sound; the inability to produce voice. It is considered more severe than dysphonia. A primary cause is bilateral disruption of the recurrent laryngeal nerve, which supplies nearly all the muscles in the larynx.

Front 68

apraxia

Back 68

A motor disorder caused by damage to the brain (specifically the posterior parietal cortex), in which someone has difficulty with the motor planning to perform tasks or movements when asked.

Front 69

association

Back 69

Some type of connection between ideas, behaviors, events, objects, or feelings on a conscious or unconscious level. Generally established by experience and may be expressed spontaneously (free association), deliberately elicited (word-tests) or occur reflexively (baby crying for food when they see their mother)

Front 70

attention

Back 70

A state of awareness in which the senses are focused exclusively and selectively on aspects of the environment.

Front 71

blocking

Back 71

Occurs when a person's speech is suddenly interrupted by silences that may last a few seconds to a minute or longer.

Front 72

circumstantiality

Back 72

The result of a non-linear thought pattern and occurs when the focus of a conversation drifts, but comes back to the point. Unnecessary details and irrelevant remarks cause a delay in getting to the point.

Front 73

clanging

Back 73

A mode of speech characterized by association of words based upon sound rather than concepts. This may include compulsive rhyming or alliteration without apparent logical connection between words.

Front 74

cognition

Back 74

The mental action or process of acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought, experience, and the senses.

Front 75

comatose

Back 75

Of or in a state of deep unconsciousness for a prolonged or indefinite period, especially as a result of severe injury or illness.

Front 76

concrete

Back 76

Consideration of objects or ideas as specific items rather than as an abstract representation of a more general concept, as contrasted with abstract thinking (e.g., perceiving a chair and a table as individual useful items and not as members of the general class, furniture).

Front 77

confabulation

Back 77

A memory disturbance, defined as the production of fabricated, distorted or misinterpreted memories about oneself or the world, without the conscious intention to deceive.

Front 78

delusions

Back 78

A belief held with strong conviction despite superior evidence to the contrary; false interpretations of stimuli, could be paranoid (they are being spied on), ideas of alien control, nihilistic (believe they will live forever/no concept of danger), delusions of grandeur (think they are jesus/devil/etc), or somatic (convinced something is terribly wrong with them)

Front 79

denial

Back 79

Declaring something to be untrue, refusal to believe something.

Front 80

dysarthria

Back 80

A motor speech disorder characterized by a difficulty with articulation. It results from impaired movement of the muscles used for speech production - "Slurred," "choppy," or "mumbled" speech that may be difficult to understand.

Front 81

dysphasia

Back 81

Less severe than aphasia - an impairment of communication marked by deficiency in the generation of speech, caused bydamage to the left side of the brain.

Front 82

dysphonia

Back 82

An impairment in the ability to produce voice sounds using the vocal organs, a problem with palate or vocal chords that can result in hoarse speech

-receptive: understand but cannot speak

-central: tries to say it back but it comes out incorrectly

Front 83

dyspraxia

Back 83

Problems with movement, coordination, judgment, processing, memory and some other cognitive skills. Can hear and understand how to perform a task, but cannot physically carry it out.

Front 84

echolalia

Back 84

Meaningless repetition of another person's spoken words or sounds as a symptom of psychiatric disorder.

Front 85

flight of ideas

Back 85

A rapid flow of thought, manifested by accelerated speech with abrupt changes from topic to topic: a symptom of some mental illnesses, especially manic disorder. Never gets to the point.

Front 86

gnosia

Back 86

The ability to perceive and recognize stimuli.

Front 87

hallucinations

Back 87

An experience involving the apparent perception of something not present. Can be auditory, visual, tactile, olfactory, or flashbacks where something triggers a vivid re-experience.

Front 88

intoxication

Back 88

A state in which a person's normal capacity to act or reason is inhibited by alcohol or drugs.

Front 89

mood

Back 89

Patient's subjective report of emotional state.

Front 90

mutism

Back 90

An inability to speak often caused by a speech disorder, hearing loss, surgery, or due to an unwillingness to speak in certain social situations - can stem from an anxiety or panic disorder.

Front 91

neologism

Back 91

An invention of new words that have no meaning to anyone else besides the affected individual.

Front 92

obtundation

Back 92

Less than full alertness (altered level of consciousness), typically as a result of a medical condition or trauma. Mental blunting.

Front 93

orientation

Back 93

The determination of the relative position of something or someone - the correct alertness of person, place, time and situation.

Front 94

perseveration

Back 94

Repetition of a particular response, such as a word, phrase, gesture or idea, despite the absence or cessation of a stimulus. Unable to drop the topic and focus on something else.

Front 95

praxis

Back 95

Being able to carry out motor activity with normal muscle strength, coordination and sensation.

Front 96

psychomotor retardation

Back 96

A slowing-down of thought and a reduction of physical movements in an individual.

Front 97

psychosocial

Back 97

Relates to one's psychological development in, and interaction with, a social environment.

Front 98

thought disorder

Back 98

Refers to disorganized thinking as evidenced by disorganized speech - blocking, neologisms, perseveration.

Front 99

ptosis

Back 99

A drooping or falling of the upper or lower eyelid.

Front 100

nystagmus

Back 100

A vision condition in which the eyes make repetitive, uncontrolled movements - causes the eyes to look involuntarily from side to side in a rapid, swinging motion rather than staying fixed on an object or person.

Front 101

fasciculation

Back 101

A brief, spontaneous contraction affecting a small number of muscle fibers, often causing a flicker or twitching of movement under the skin.

Front 102

cogwheel rigidity

Back 102

A tremor that presents as a jerky resistance to range of motion movement as muscles tense and relax.

Front 103

stereognosis

Back 103

The ability to perceive and recognize the form of an object in the absence of visual and auditory information, by using tactile information to provide cues from texture, size, spatial properties, and temperature.

Front 104

graphesthesia

Back 104

The ability to recognize writing on the skin purely by the sensation of touch.

- Ask the patient to close their eyes and identify letters or numbers that are being traced onto their palm or the tip of their finger.