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59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is ECG stand for?
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electrocardiogram
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what is an electrocardiogram?
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graphic representation of the electrical activity of the heart
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an ECG provides a record of what?
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the function and structure of the heart's electrical activity
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what does an ECG detect?
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transmission of cardiac impulses
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the ECG also provides info about the patient and?
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reflects their heart rate and rhythm
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we should ensure that hardwire equipment is approved by?
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BIOMED
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what other two things should we ensure concerning our patient's safety?
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alarms are on at all times
skin is dry and clean |
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what is a basic ECG tracing?
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records cardiac electrical activity by using one lead at a time for continuous cardiac monitoring
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what is a 12 lead ECG?
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more comprehensive composed of 12 different leads that are used to obtain a definitive diagnosis
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the flow of energy goes ?
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from negative to positive
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what determines what waves will look like on an ECG?
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lead placement
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what are limb leads
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I, II, III, AVR, AVF, AVL
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what are chest leads?
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V1, V2, V3, V4, V5, V6
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what is Einthovan Triangle?
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formed from leads I, II, and III with the heart in the center of the triangle
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what are 4 technical problems that can occur with an ECG?
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absent ECG trace
wandering or irregular baseline excessively low or high amplitude sixty cycle interference or artifact |
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what is the order of the conductions system of the heart?
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SA node
internodal pathways AV node bundle of His right and left bundle branches Purkinje fibers |
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the SA node will normally discharge how many times per minute?
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60-100
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what does the AV node conduct impulses from?
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the atria to the ventricle
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where is the impulse delayed slightly and why?
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AV node
allow complete emptying of the atria before contraction |
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what are the 3 components of the cardiac cycle?
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atrial depolarization
ventricular depolarization repolarization |
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what wave corresponds the atrial depolarization?
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p wave
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what wave corresponds to ventricular depolarization?
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QRS complex
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what wave corresponds to repolarization?
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T wave
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what is electrical activity characterized by?
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separate waves; P,Q,R,S,T, and sometimes U
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every 5th line is bolded and represents a large box that is how big?
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.5mV high
.2 seconds long |
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each small box is what size? (amplitude)
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1mm or .1mV
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each small box represents what duration?
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.04 seconds
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P wave should have what appearance?
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smooth and rounded
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there are how many atrial contractions to ventricular contractions in a normal cardiac cycle?
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1 atrial per ventricular contraction
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what does the P wave represent?
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contraction of the atria
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what is the PR interval?
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beginning of p wave to beginning of QRS complex
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what does the PR interval represent? what is normal?
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time for impulse to pass through SA node to ventricles
.12 to .23 seconds |
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the QRS complex should always follow what?
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p wave
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which is the downward deflection?
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Q
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which is the tall upward deflection?
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R
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what is the second downward deflection?
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S
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what is the normal duration of the QRS complex?
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.06 to .12
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what is the ST segment?
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interval between completion of depolarization and beginning of repolarization
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where does the ST segment begin and end?
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begins at the end of QRS complex and ends right before T wave
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what is the QT interval?
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total duration of combined depolarization and repolarization of ventricle muscle
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what does the T wave represent?
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the ventricle at rest; ventricular repolarization
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what do U waves usually follow?
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T waves
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what do U waves indicate?
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drug toxicity, ischemia, electrolyte imbalance
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what does it mean if the ST segment is elevated or depressed more than 1-2mm?
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acute cardiac ischemia (decreased blood flow to heart)
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what does it mean if the T wave is flipped?
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possible acute cardiac ischemia
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what are the two ways to measure heart rate on an ECG?
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6 second method
R to R method |
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what is the 6 second method?
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count number of QRS complexes in 6 seconds and multiply by 10.
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when is the 6 second method most accurate>
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if the rhythm is regular
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what is the R to R method?
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count number of large squares between 2 consecutive QRS complexes and divide into 300
count small squares between 2 complexes and divide into 1500 calculate time interval between 2 complexes and divide into 60 |
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what are the basic interventions for patients who're having arrythmias or signs of cardiac ischemia?
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check level of consciousness and perfusion. take vital signs and assess
rule out technical problems, check oxygen notify physician and be prepared to stop procedure ensure IV lines are working and secure have emergency equipment ready |
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what is sinus bradycardia?
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normal rhythm but heart rate is less than 60bpm
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what is sinus tachycardia?
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normal rhythm but rate is greater than 100bpm
decreased diastolic filling, decreased cardiac output. heart failure |
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what is atrial fibrillation?
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no p waves
irregular rhythm waves vary in size and shape results in decreased ventricular filling |
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what is atrial flutter?
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cannot determine PR interval
saw toothed p waves more unstable than a fib R to R measurements more regular P:QRS ratio is 2:1, 3:1, 4:1 |
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what is 3rd degree AV block?
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p waves and QRS complexes have no relationship to each other
irregular PR interval more p waves than QRS require pace maker |
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what is ventricular tachycardia?
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premature ventricular contractions
wide QRS requires immediate action |
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what is Torsades de Pointe?
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very dangerous form of V tach
QRS complex rotates around baseline while changing amplitude prolonged QT interval |
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what is ventricular fibrillation?
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no organized electrical activity
no QRS cause hypoxic seizures, unconscious and death call code |
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what is ventricular asystole?
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total absence of ventricular activity
no depolarization, no pulse, no contraction, no perfusion call code |
