Patient Care

Front 1

5 rights of drug administration

Back 1

1)right patient
2)right drug
3)right amount or dose
4)right route
5)right time

Front 2

Any prescription must have.
(5 things)

Back 2

1)Pt's name, date, time order was written
2)Date and time or times drug is to be taken
3)generic or trade name of drug
4)dosage form and route of administration
5)dr's signiture

Front 3

Can orders be taken verbally?

Back 3

yes. must be signed by dr. in 24 hrs.
ex- John Doe, MD by Jane Doe, RN (VO)

Front 4

meds given immediately.
written and signed by dr.

Back 4

stat orders

Front 5

given to pt. as necessary.
frequent pain meds.

Back 5

PRN orders

Front 6

meds only given once at designated time.
if meds are to be repeated, order must be written

Back 6

single orders

Front 7

order written and signed

Back 7

written order

Front 8

For needles, the smaller the lumen, the _____ the gauge.

Back 8

larger

Front 9

What dictates the size and gauge of a needle chosen for a pt?

Back 9

*viscosity
*the pt need

Front 10

Do you save medication if not all is used?

Back 10

No, never.

Front 11

Oral route

Back 11

available in liquid, tablet, capsule

Front 12

Specific directions with oral route

Back 12

*pill with enteric coating(capsule) must not be crushed, cut, or chewed
*sublingual or buccal are uncoated and must not be given with water
*scored pills may be cut

Front 13

Is a larger or smaller dose better?

Back 13

larger- it ensures that some of the drug will remain to perform the intended effect

Front 14

Parenteral

Back 14

*all equipment besides gloves must be sterile
*skin must be prepped
*pt. should be observed 1 hr after injection

Front 15

Types of parenteral drug administration

Back 15

*intradermal
*subcutaneous
*intramuscular(IM)
*intravenous(IV)

Front 16

Intradermal needle specs

Back 16

*25 to 27 g 1/2 inch needle
*5 to 15 deg angle

Front 17

Whelp will appear at injection site. (don't massage the area)

Back 17

Intradermal

Front 18

TB skin test is an example of ____.

Back 18

Intradermal

Front 19

Subcutaneous needle specs

Back 19

*23 to 25 g 1/2 to 5/8 inch needle
*45 deg angle

Front 20

*Injection given in outer aspect of upper arms, abdomen, scapula, ant. thigh
*Only small amounts of nonirritating drugs should be given (don't rub)

Back 20

Subcutaneous

Front 21

Intramuscular needle specs

Back 21

*18 to 22 g 1 1/2" needle
(22 to 23 g 1" for very thin pt)
*90 deg angle

Front 22

IM sites

Back 22

*upper cheek, side or top of thigh, upper arm

Front 23

On IM, what do you do with the needle before injection and why?

Back 23

Aspirate the needle to be sure it is not in a vessel. If blood returns, pull out and find new location.

Front 24

What can large doses be given with and why?

Back 24

IM bc of good absorption due to good blood supply in area.

Front 25

Used when immediate effect of a drug is needed or can't be injected without damaging body tissues.

Back 25

Intravenous(IV)

Front 26

What is the most hazardous method of drug administration and why?

Back 26

Intravenous b/c once the drug is injected directly into the circulatory system the reaction to it is instantaneous.

Front 27

Intravenous needle specs

Back 27

18 to 20 gauge 1" long

Front 28

Intrathecal needle specs

Back 28

20 to 22 gauge 3 1/2" long

Front 29

Venous catheter that is left in place in the vein for designated period of time but isn't attached to IV tubing

Back 29

Heparin or saline lock

Front 30

A small infusion which is attached to an adjoining or already existing line; when it has been fully administered the original IV solution is continued.

Back 30

IV piggyback

Front 31

A designated amount of drug is given at one time usually over a period of several minutes.

Back 31

Bolus

Front 32

Epidural is an example of a _____.

Back 32

Bolus

Front 33

A larger amount of drugs that is administered over a longer period of time (from hrs to days)

Back 33

Infusion

Front 34

4 things that influences the site of an IV.

Back 34

1)type of drug
2)reason for giving drug
3)age of pt
4)condition of pt

Front 35

2 things needed to discontinue and IV.

Back 35

1)Dr.'s orders
2)clean cloves

Front 36

Rules for choosing IV sites.

Back 36

*2 tries, then pass off
*veins in hands and arms are better than legs
*don't use vein over a joint

Front 37

Is RT licensed to dispense drugs?

Back 37

no

Front 38

Drugs that have the potential for abuse.

Back 38

Controlled drugs

Front 39

Controlled drug.
*Highest potential for abuse, not recognized for medical use.

Back 39

Schedule I

Front 40

Controlled drug.
*Written prescriptions by MD. No phone renewals unless emergency, then prescrip within 72 hrs.

Back 40

Schedule II

Front 41

Controlled drug.
*Prescriptions must be rewritten after 6 months or five refills. May be phone ordered.

Back 41

Schedule III

Front 42

Controlled drug.
*Prescriptions are required to be rewritten after 6 months or five refills.

Back 42

Schedule IV

Front 43

Controlled drug.
*Drugs my be dispensed as any non-narcotic prescription drug. Some may be purchased without prescription.

Back 43

Schedule V

Front 44

Heroine, LSD, marijuana, meth are examples of _____.

Back 44

Schedule I

Front 45

High abuse potential.
Codeine, morphine, amphetamines are examples of ____.

Back 45

Schedule II

Front 46

Less abuse potential.
Barbituris derivatives, codeine of less than 1.8 grains.

Back 46

Schedule III

Front 47

Chloral hydrate, meprobromate, phenoberbitals are examples of ____.

Back 47

Schedule IV

Front 48

Antitussives, antidiarrheals, codeine expectorants are examples of _____.

Back 48

Schedule V

Front 49

What is performed with smallest needle?

Back 49

TB Skin Test

Front 50

What is performed with longest needle?

Back 50

Interthecal (spine)

Front 51

Drugs considered safe for self-administration.

Back 51

(OTC)Over-the-counter drugs

Front 52

All drugs not safe for self administration must have _____ on the bottle?

Back 52

the legend, caution: federal law prohibits dispensing without prescription.

Front 53

Name given to a drug by the manufacturer. Same drug may have many _____.

Back 53

Trade name

Front 54

Exact chemical formula and always remains the same.

Back 54

Chemical name

Front 55

Name given to drug prior to official use-always remains the same.
*aka- official name

Back 55

Generic name

Front 56

When the drug begins its intended effect.

Back 56

Onset of action

Front 57

As the drug is absorbed it reaches a peak concentration level.

Back 57

Maximum therapeutic response

Front 58

The length of time a drug is in the body in amounts large enough to be therapeutic.

Back 58

Duration of action

Front 59

The time it takes for a drug removal from the body.

Back 59

Clearance rate

Front 60

The process that controls absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of drug by the body. The whole experience of taking a drug.

Back 60

Pharacokinetics

Front 61

Study of drug actions on and interactions with living organisms.

Back 61

Pharmacology

Front 62

Do all patients process drugs the same way?

Back 62

no

Front 63

Drugs must advance from its dosage form to a form that makes it available to be absorbed.

Back 63

Drug absorption

Front 64

Do form of drugs can be absorbed the fastest?

Back 64

liquid

Front 65

When a drug is absorbed and taken by the bloodstram to its intended site so it can begin to act.

Back 65

Bioavailability

Front 66

The amount of time needed to become bio available depends upon what?

Back 66

*route of administration
*GI mobility
*dosage form
*interaction with food
*interaction with other drugs in pt's system

Front 67

Examples of things that affect bioavailability.

Back 67

*food in stomach
*other drugs in system
*altering the surface of a drug
*severe pain or stress

Front 68

Which routes do not have first pass effect?

Back 68

*sublingual
*vaginal
*parental
*buccal

Front 69

The manner in which drugs are inactivated in the body.

Back 69

Metabolis/Biotransformation

Front 70

The center for most drug metabolism.

Back 70

Liver

Front 71

An altered metabolic state may allow a drug to _____.

Back 71

accumulate in the body and produce an adverse reaction

Front 72

What happens in biotransformation?

Back 72

Drug is metabolized and changed into water-soluble substance.

Front 73

Time it takes for 50% decrease in a drug's presence in the body.

Back 73

Half-life

Front 74

To maintain a ______ the same amount of a drug must be taken in as it eliminated in each 24 hrs. period.

Back 74

steady-state concentration

Front 75

The study of the change in normal physiological function of the body due to a drug.

Back 75

Pharmacodynamics

Front 76

Pharmacodynamics may cause alterations in ____?

Back 76

*BP
*heart rate
*urinary output
* response of central nervous system

Front 77

Reactions that may take weeks or months to happen or can be immediate.

Back 77

Adverse drug reactions

Front 78

Unintended effect and essentially harmless action resulting from a drug.

Back 78

Side Effects

Front 79

Harmful side effect

Back 79

Adverse-Reaction

Front 80

Drowsiness, allergic or hypertensive reactions. Some drugs may produce blood dyscrasis, bleeding or thrombosis.

Back 80

Adverse-reactions (immediate)

Front 81

3 Routes of Drug Administration

Back 81

1)Enteral
2)Parenteral
3)Topical

Front 82

Types of Internal Admin.

Back 82

*oral
*sublingual or buccal
*rectal

Front 83

Usually most efficient and cost-effective if slower absorption and longer duration are desired.

Back 83

Oral

Front 84

Fastest absorption of the enteral route.

Back 84

Sublingual or buccal

Front 85

Used if n&v is a problem and pt can't retain meds, a disadvantage is an accurate amount of dosages if difficult.

Back 85

Rectal

Front 86

Administration that requires surgical aseptic technique invasive procedure.

Back 86

Parenteral

Front 87

Administration through the GI tract.

Back 87

Enteral

Front 88

5 types of Parenteral admin.

Back 88

1)Intradermal
2)Subcutaneous
3)Intramuscular
4)Intra-arterial
5)Intravenous

Front 89

In Parenteral, the most rapid response. Most often used in administration contrast agent in rad.

Back 89

Intravenous

Front 90

Drug administration through skin, eyes, nose, throat, vaginal, rectal, mucosa.

Back 90

Topical

Front 91

Topical drugs(hormones) applied for systemic effect. (Skin ailments and systemic treatment)

Back 91

Transdermal

Front 92

Chosen selectively for use according to their ability to inhibit or destroy particular bacteria, fungi, protozoa, viruses or other parasites.

Back 92

Drugs used to treat infections

Front 93

Iodinated contrast media
*a feeling of flushing or warmth, nausea, headache, pain
--response--notify nurse/dr., apply warm compress, watch pt.

Back 93

Side effects

Front 94

Iodinated contrast media
*itching of nose or eyes, anxiety, cough, hives

Back 94

Minor reactions

Front 95

Iodinated contrast media
*stop injection, call nurse, stay with pt.

Back 95

Response

Front 96

Iodinated contrast media
*vomiting, coughin, difficult breathing, chest pain
--response--stop injection, call nurse/dr., place in semi-fowlers, call Dr. Heart

Back 96

Secondary reactions

Front 97

The drugs that RT works with the most.

Back 97

Intravascular & Iodinated Contrast Media