Pathways

Front 1

Central pathway for tactile information from body

Back 1

1) Pain stimuli at receptor in skin/muscle/tendon goes to cell body in DRG to central process in dorsal funiculus of spinal cord
2) Ascends through spinal cord in dorsal columns on ipsilateral side through gracile tract for lower body and cuneate track for upper body
3) Ascends through ipsilateral dorsal funiculus
4) Synapses at medulla to become 2nd order neuron
5) Crosses midline in medulla through internal arcuate fibers/sensory decussation
6) they are called the medial lemniscus after they cross
7) they synapse in the contralateral VPL
8) the third order neuron from the VPL goes to the primary somatosensory cortex where they synapse
9) the fourth order neuron is in the somatosensory cortex

Front 2

What column goes with pain and temperature from the body?

Back 2

lateral spinothalamic

Front 3

What column goes with fine touch from the body?

Back 3

dorsal column system

Front 4

What column/trigeminal ganglion goes with pain and temperature from the head?

Back 4

spinal

Front 5

What trigeminal ganglion goes with touch from the head?

Back 5

principal/main ganglion

Front 6

What column goes with unconscious proprioception from the body?

Back 6

spinocerebellar tracts is for unconscious proprioception on the ipsilateral side

Front 7

Which dorsal column of the spinal cord allows fibers from lower body?

Back 7

gracile tract

Front 8

Which dorsal column from the spinal cord allows fibers from the upper body?

Back 8

cuneate tract

Front 9

Which is more medial gracile or cuneate?

Back 9

gracile

Front 10

What is the pathway for tactile information from the face?

Back 10

1) First order Trigeminal nerve divisions' peripheral processes
2) First order trigeminal ganglion
3) Synapse with ipsilateral second order neuron in Main trigeminal nucleus in pons
4) Cross over midline
5) Ascend contralateral ventral trigeminothalamic tract
6) Synapse with with third order neurons in contralateral VPM
7)Third order neurons synapse on fourth order neurons in cortex

Front 11

Which pathway is responsible for the lower trunk and lower extremity postural adjustments and movements?

Back 11

dorsal spinocerebellar tract

Front 12

What is the pathway resposnible for upper trunk and upper extremity unconscious proprioception?

Back 12

cuneocerebellar tract

Front 13

What is the pathway of the dorsal spinocerebellar tract?

Back 13

1) First order neuron cell body in DRG
2) Synapse with second order neuron in the dorsal nucleus of clark
3) Ascend to inferior cerebellar peduncle/restiform body
4) ascend the dorsal spino-cerebellar tract and synapse at

-1-anterior lobe of cerebellum
-2-paramedian lobule
-3- cerebellar nuclei

Front 14

What is the path of the cuneocerebellar tract?

Back 14

1)First order neuron cell body in DRG
2) ascend ipsilateral to second order neuron in lateral cuneate nucleus of medulla
3) ascend through restiform body to synapse on the ipsilateral
-anterior lobe, paramedial lobule and cerebellar nuclei

Front 15

What two tracks make up the anteriolateral system?

Back 15

lateral spinothalamic tract + anterior spinothalamic tract

Front 16

What is the pathway for pain and sensation from the body?

Back 16

The anterolateral pathway

1) Pain stimuli to primary afferent in DRG
2) ascend ipsilateral several spinal levels in Lissauer's tract
3)synapse on the second order neuron in the dorsal horn
4) cross the midline at ventral white commissure in spinal cord
5) second order neuron ascends the contralateral spinal cord through the contralateral lateral funiculus
6) second order axon ascends through the lateral thalamic tract
7)second order neuron synapses at VPL to join third order neuron
8) third order neuron ascends and synapses at 4th order neuron in contralateral somatosensory cortex

Front 17

What is the pathway for pain and temperature sensation from the face?

Back 17

Ventral Trigeminal Thalamic Tract


1) first order neurons are branches of trigeminal nerve with cell body in trigeminal ganglion
2) first order neurons pass through spinal trigeminal tract with facial, glossopharyngeal and vagus
3) first order neurons synapse on spinal trigeminal nuclei
4) second order neuron passes through reticular formation to cross the midline
4) second order neuron ascends through contralateral ventral trigeminothalamic tract
5) second order neuron synapses in third order neuron in VPM
6) third order neuron ascends to contralateral cortex to synapse with fourth order neuron

Front 18

What is the visual pathway to the straite cortex?

Back 18

The Visual Pathway


1)First order neurons originate at the optic nerves
2) The nasal retinal nerves cross the midline at the optic chaism at the optic chiasm
3) the optic tract thus has the ipsilateral temporal retina and contralateral nasal retina
4) the neurons in the optic tract synapse at the lateral geniculate nuclei
5) meyers loop occurs with neurons from the lateral LGN and travel to the cuneus gyrus
5) neurons from the medial LGN travel to the lingual gyrus

Front 19

What is the visual pathway for the subcortical visual cortices?

Back 19

nasal retina --> optic nerve
1) hypothalamus
2) pretectum
3) superior colliculus
4) LGN to straite cortex

Front 20

What is the pathway for olfaction?

Back 20

1)olfactory receptor
2) olfactory nerve, CN I
3) olfactory bulb
4) olfactory tract
5) olfactory bulb targets
6) final target from olfactory bulb target

Front 21

What is the pathway for taste?

Back 21

1) CN VII, IX and X
2) they synapse on nucleus of solitary tract
3) they can either synapse directly to VPM of thalamus or they can synapse on the hypothalamus or amygdala
4) from VPM they go to insula and frontal cortex