Pathophysiology Unit4 Weber State University

Front 1

This type of immunity has:
- Chemical and Physical barriers
- Non-Specific Mechanisms

Back 1

Innate (natural) immunity - General

Front 2

This type of immunity has:
-Both specific and adaptive

Back 2

Adaptive (acquired) immunity - Specific

Front 3

First Line of Defenses
Skin, mucous membranes, vomiting, coughing, urination, defecation.

Back 3

Physical Barriers

Front 4

First Line of Defenses
Mucous, perspiration, saliva, tears, cerumen, chemicals derived from normal flora, sebum

Back 4

Biochemical Barriers

Front 5

-Inflammation
-Phagocytosis

Back 5

Second line of defense

Front 6

What line of defense exhibits this?
-Cell-Mediated
-Antibody mediated (humoral)

Back 6

Third Line of Defense
Specific Immunity

Front 7

This is a non-specific and non-adaptive. A secondary exposure will demonstrate the same response.
It is immediate.

Back 7

Inflammation

Front 8

This is a universal response to injury occurring in vascular tissues of the body.
-Mediated by chemicals in circulation
-Increases movement of plasma and blood cells into the tissues around injury.
-Defends against infections and promotes tissue repair.
-It is necessary but can be painful and carry risks.

Back 8

Inflammation

Front 9

-Destroy injurious agents
-Confine agents to limit their effects on the host.
-Stimulate the immune response
-Promote regeneration and repair of tissue.

Back 9

Purposes of Inflammation

Front 10

-Fever exogenous and endogenous chemical mediators act on the hypothalamus.

Back 10

Systematic manifestation of inflammation.

Front 11

This elevates so-called "acute-phase" reactants.
What is this a manifestation of and what reactants are elevated?

Back 11

Inflammation

Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and Blood levels of C-reactive protein (CRP)

Leukocytosis (shift to the left)

Front 12

Heat, redness, swelling, pain
-Related to mircrocirculation changes
-Vasodilation
-Increased capillary permeability
-White cell migration from the capillaries to the site of inflammation.

Back 12

Local manifestation of inflammation.

Front 13

Vasodilation to increase blood flow and decrease blood flow velocity.

Stimulation of endothelial cells to retract and become leaky

Back 13

Events of acute Inflammation

Front 14

This is the process that does the following.
-Dilutes toxins and toxic products
-Brings in plasma proteins
-Removes bacterial products and dead cell
-Migration of immune cells

Back 14

Exudation

Front 15

A critical cell in the inflammatory response.
They are large, granular cells in loose connective tissue, adjacent to blood vessels.

Back 15

Mast Cell

Front 16

Early, initial activators of the inflammatory response

Back 16

Mast Cells

Front 17

-Histamine, chemotactic factors and cytokines provide an immediate response.

This is part of Mast Cell

Back 17

Degranulation of preformed mediators

Front 18

Inflammation
-Cuases vasodilation of capillaries and increses vascular permeability.

Back 18

Effects of Histamine

Front 19

Contracts smooth muscle in teh bronchi, GI tract, and uterus

Back 19

Effects of Histamine

Front 20

Icreases bronchial, intestinal and salivary secretions,
Dialation of cerbral blood vessels (headache)
Stimulates gastric juices
Stimulates never endings to cause pain.

Back 20

Effects of Histamine

Front 21

Degranulation
Encourages neutrophil migration
Additional cytokines to influence the adaptive immune response.

Back 21

Neutrophil chemotactic factor